1. Demographics
The study of Human
population
Population
Distribution
The way in which
people are spread out
across the globe
Population density
The number of people
living in a given area,
usually a square km
Natural Population
Increase
The difference between
birth and death rate
The Crude Birth Rate
The number of live
births per 1000 people
per year
Crude Death Rate
The number of deaths
per 1000 people per
year
Population Growth
Rate
Any natural change in
population either an
increase or a decrease
The Demographic
Transition Model
A sequence of changes
over a period of time in
the relationship between
birth rates death rates
and overall population
Population Age-sex
Pyramid
A representation of
male-female population
at different ages in a
particular location
Average Life
Expectancy
The number of years an
average person born in
an area may expect to
live
Infant Mortality Rate
The average number of
children out of every
1000 who die before
they are 1 year old
Economically active
population
Those people aged 15-
65 employed in work
Non Economically
active population
Those people aged 15
or over 65 who do not
work
The Dependency Ratio
The proportion of a
population who rely on
the working population
The Fertility Rate
The number of children
born to women of child
bearing age
The replacement ratio
When there are just
sufficient children born
to balance the number
of people who die – In
MEDCs around 2.1
births per woman
MEDC
More economically
developed country, e.g.
Japan, USA, UK
LEDC
Less economically
developed country, e.g.
Ghana, Chile,
Afghanistan
Migration
A movement of people
usually to a permanent
change of home
although it may be
semi-permanent or
seasonal
An Emigrant
A person leaving their
country of birth
An Immigrant
A newcomer arriving in
a country usually to
seek residence
Push Factors
A cause of people
leaving a place because
of pressures which
makes them dissatisfied
with their present home
such as unemployment
Pull factors
Those perceived
qualities of a place that
attract people to a new
settlement such as a
better chance of finding
work
Migration Balance
The difference between
the number of emigrants
and immigrants
Forced Migration
When there is no choice
but to move to a new
settlement due to
natural disaster,
religious persecution or
economic and social
impositions