The adjectives in modern khmer

raCbNiÐtsPakm<úCa
3
bktiKuNnamkñúgPasaExµrTMenIb
THE QUALITATIVE ADJECTIVES IN MODERN KHMER
sarNabBa©b;
fñak;briBaaØbR½tCan;x<s;
nisiSt ³ CMu s‘unNag
sa®sþacarüdwknaM ³ bNiÐt enA s‘un
fñak;briBaØabR½tCan;x<s; CMnan;TI2
muxCMnaj ³ PasaviTüa
karBar
2547sBExRsaBN_
2003sKExkkáda
.
.

raCbNiÐtsPakm<úCa
3
bktiKuNnamkñúgPasaExµrTMenIb
THE QUALITATIVE ADJECTIVES IN MODERN KHMER
sarNabBa©b;
fñak;briBaØabR½tCan;x<s;
nisiSt ³ CMu s‘unNag
fñak;briBaØbR½tCan;x<s; CMnan;TI 2
muxCMnaj ³ PasaviTüa
KN³emRbeyaK
1- sa®sþacarü bNiÐt RBMu m:l;
2- sa®sþacarü bNiÐt Lúg esom
3- sa®sþacarü bNiÐt em:A sukán
4- sa®sþacarü bNiÐt enA s‘un
5- sa®sþacarü bNiÐt s‘¿u QMub‘un
karBar Ex kkáda qñaM 2003

e)aHBum<elIkTImYy 2004
: ២
២០៧០ ៣
Tel/Fax : (855) 23 890 180 –
Email : racademy@camnet.com.kh
P.O. Box 2070 Phnom Penh 3 Cambodia
raCbNiÐtsPakm<úCa
Royal Academy of Cambodia
Académie Royale du Cambodge

]TÞiskfa
´sUm]TÞissñaédenHcMeBaH³
- viBaØaNx½n§ elak«Buk esam Cin CaTIskáar³.
- RBlwgviBaØaNx½n§ CIdUnCIta jatikarTaMgR)aMBIrsnþan.
- buBVbursGñkesñhaCatiExµr Edl)anlHbg;eBlevlad¾mantémøkñúgCIvit edIm,IbuBVehturkSakarBar
Cati TwkdI [)anzitefrKg;vgSrhUtbc©úb,nñ.
- GñkniBn§ kvIExµr Edl)anbnSl;Tukekrmrtd¾éføføaxagEpñkPasa nig GkSrsa®sþCati.

esckþIEføgGMNrKuN
´)aTsUmEføgGMNrKuNya:gRCaleRCAcMeBaH ³
- elaksa®sþacarü enA s‘un Casa®sþacarüdwknaMpÞal; Edlkñúgry³kalknøgmkenH elak)an
lHbg; TaMgkmøaMgkaycitþ nig eBlevlad¾mmajwkenAkñúgParkic© mkCYybeRgon nig ENnaMCMruj
rhUtsñaédenH [manrUbragR)akdeLIgnaeBlenH .
- elaksa®sþacarübNiÐit RBM m:l;/ elaksa®sþacarübNiÐit Lúg esom/ elaksa®sþacarübNiÐit
em:A sukán/ elaksa®sþacarübNiÐit EFl efag/ Edl)anCYybeRgon nig pþl;TsSn³l¥² CaCMnYy
kñúgkarsikSaRsavRCav .
- elaksa®sþacarübNiÐit s‘¿u QMub‘un EdlEtgrMlwkdas;etOn dl;ral;nisSit [mankmøaMgcitþ
eTVreLIgkñúgkic©karsresrsarNa nig mankIþsgÇwmnaGnaKt .
- elaksa®sþacarü/ fñak;dwknaM nig m®nþITaMgGs;énraCbNiÐtsPakm<úCa Edl)andutédduteCIgeFIV[
kmµviFIbNþúHbNþalbBaØajaNCan;x<s;Cati )andMeNIrkareTAmux nigseRmcCaépøpáadUc)aneXIj
Rsab; .
- m®nIþ nig buKÁlikTaMgGs; EdlbeRmIkarenAtamTIdMkl;Éksarnana CaBiess bNÑal½y h‘un
Esn/ bNÑal½yBuT§sasnbNiÐtü nig bNÑal½yed)a:tWm:g;PasaGg;eKøs Edl)anCYysRmYldl;
karsVHEsVgrkÉksar .
- mitþrYmmuxviC¢a nigrYmCMnan; TaMgBIrCMnan; CaBiesselak b‘Í suKg; elak pg; PIruN nig elak vg;
em:g Canic©kal elakEtg[dMbUnµan nig pþl;ÉksarRsavRCav kñúgkal³eTs³mYyEdlelak kMBug
Cab;rvl; kñúgkic©karsresrEdr.
- cMeBaHRkumRKYsar ³ Gñkmþay TUc eqgLay/ Gñkmþayekµk/ elak«Bukekµk nigbgb¥ÚnTaMgGs;
Edl)anbgábriyaskasgayRsYlkñúgkarsresr nig CaBiess PriyaCaTIRsLaj; RKb;eBlevla
GñkEtgpþl;kmøaMgcitþ nig CYyCRmuj[kargarenH)anseRmceLIg.

iii
ROYAL ACADEMY OF CAMBODIA
cMNgeCIg ³ KuNnamkñúgPasaExµr
GñkniBn§ ³ CuM s‘unNag
sBaØabRt ³ GnubNiÐtPasaviTüa
sa®sþacarüdwknaM ³ enA s‘un
sßab½n ³ raCbNiÐtsPakm<úCa
karBarbBa©b; ³ kkáda 2003
mUln½ysegçb
fIVt,itEtKuNnamkñúgPasaExµr CakmµvtßúsikSarbs;GñksikSaRsavRCav mancMnYneRcIn nig
CayUrmkehIyk¾eday k¾eKeXIjmanPaBRsBicRsBilenAeLIy BIbBaðavtþman nig Gvtþman
énfñak; BaküenHenAkñúgPasaExµr.
karsikSaenHmanbMNgnwgeFIVkarviPaKnUvTsSn³TaMgLay Ed;lniyayBIKuNnamkñúg
PasaExµr ehIyeFIVesckIþsnñidæanfa etIkñúgPasaExµrman b¤k¾Kµanfñak;BaküEbbenH edayelIkyk
GIVEdleKfa bktiKuNnam b¤ KuNnamRbRktImkeFIVkarsikSabBa¢ak;.
karsikSaenHnwgBinitüeTAelITsSn³ Edlfaman b¤k¾KµanKuNnamkñúgPasaExµr tamry³
kareRbobeFob fñak;BaküenH CamYynam/ KuNkiriya ¬adverbs¦ nig kiriyas½BÞ. eFIVesckIþ
sniñdæanseRmcfa {etIkñúgPasaExµrmanKuNnam b¤ k¾Kµan ? }.
Tinñn½ysRmab;sikSaviPaK)anmkBIsRmg;KuNnamBIkñúgvcnanuRkmExµr
EdlmanKuNnamcMnYnsrub 3328 Bakü ehIyenAkñúgcMnYnenaH BaküEdleKcat;TukCaKuN-
nam suT§saFman 1325 Bakü. Rsg;l,HmYycMnYn EdlbeRmI[kic©karRsavRCavecjBI
sñaédsikSanana manCaGaT× erOg Rbelamelak erOgeRBg nigsñaédTUnµanmYycMnYneTot .
¬manbgðajCUnenAkñúg]bsm<½n§¦
karsikSaenHbgðajfa bktiKuNnamCaRbePTBakürNbnammYy nig mantYnaTIsMxan;
kñúgkarBRgIkn½y nig bBa¢ak;esckIþ[nam. enAkñúgkareRbIR)as; Pasa BiesskareRbIR)as;
Xøal,H bktiKuNnambMeBjtYnaTId¾sMxan; kñúgkareFIV[crnþsmþIkan;Etman n½yRKb;RKan; nig
Cak;lak;.
eRkABIPaBGaRs½yCamYynam bktiKuNnam CYnkal RtUv)aneKeRbICakenSamkiriya.
eday sarmuxgarenHehIy eTIbnaM[mankarcat;TukedayP½nþRcLMfa bktiKuNnamkñúgPasa
ExµrCakiriyas½BÞ. tamkarsikSaeRbobeFobrvag bktiKuNnam nig kiriyas½BÞ eXIjfa
TnwÞmnwglkçN³ Rsedog Kñarvagfñak;BaküTaMgBIr k¾eyIgeXIjmanlkçN³BiessedayELkBIKña
EdllkçN³TaMgenHrYmman karbegIátBakükareRbIR)as;Fatu nig lT§PaBenAkñúgl,H.
dUecñH tamkarlMGiteTAelIlkçN³vinic½äy KuNnam - kiriyas½BÞ/ KuNnam - KuNkiriya
tamry³kareRbobeFobfñak;BaküTaMgbIxagelI eyIgGacsniñdæanfa kñúgPasaExµrmanKuNnam
dUcCa Pasad¾éTeTotEdr. RKan;EteBlxøH eKminGacEck[dac;rvagfñak;BaküTaMgbI
enAeRkAbribT b¤ TIesckIþénl,H)aneLIy.

iv
TITLE : Adjectives in Khmer Language
AUTHOR : CHOM Sonnang
DEGREE : MASTER LINGUISTICS
FACULTY : ROYAL ACADEMY OF CAMBODIA
ADVISOR : NUV SUN
CO-ADVISOR : PRUM MAOL
DEFEND : JULY 2003
ABSTRACT
Khmer Adjective has been an objective of research study of both
local and foreign researchers. It is, however, still unclear if there is
adjective in Khmer language.
This study was aimed to find out the right answer to the absence or
the presence of adjective in Khmer language. More than 3328
words, which labeled as adjective, are from Khmer dictionary, and
nearly 300 sentences, contained those kind of word, are selected
from papers, novels, and short stories. The data was analyzed in the
aspect of Morphology, Syntax and Semantic.
The study found that Khmer adjective is a kind of word which has
many functions in the syntax. Its multi-function led some
researcher to assume this kind of word as verb. But according to
this study, adjective has its special categories that separate this kind
of word from others, especially verb. Khmer adjective, in function
of modifier, has ya:ng (superlative and comparative particle), dor
(superlative particle), ceang (comparative particle) , krai
(superlative particle) as its property. Other kinds of words, function
as modifier, this particles cannot be added. The study also reveals
that doubling adjective, in a function of modifier, expresses the
plural of noun that it modifies.
Key words: Adjective, function, absence, present, comparative particle.

v
GtßbTsegçb
sIþGMBI
{bktiKuNnamkñúgPasaExµrTMenIb}
sarNabBa©b;fñak;briBaØab½RtCan;x<s; CMnan;TI2 muxCMnaj PasaviTüa
nisSit ³ CMu s‘unNag
karBarenA éf¶RBhs,t× TI10 Exkkáda K>s 2003¼ B>s> 2547
r2s
eTaHCamankarsikSaeRcInsnw§k GMBIfñak;BaküKuNnamenAkñúgPasaExµrkIþ k¾eyIgeXIjman
TsSn³mYycMnYn)anyl;epSgBIenHfa kñúgPasaExµrminmanvtþmanénfñak;BaküenHeT.
eyIgnwg eFIVkarsikSa[)ansIuCeRmAeTAelIbBaðaenH edayrk[eXIjfa {etIkñúgPasaExµrman
KuNnam b¤ k¾Kµan ?}. enAkñúgsarNaenH bktiKuNnamRtUv)anelIkykmkeFIVCaRbFanbTénkar-
sikSaEvkEjk. karEdleRCIsykEtbktiKuNnam edayehtufa TaMgTsSn³faman nig TsSn³fa
KµanKuNnam EtgEtykbktiKuNnam mkeFIVCakmµvtßú sikSadMbUgrbs;xøÜn.
eyIgEcksarNaenHCaBIrEpñkFM². enAkñúgEpñkTI 1 CMBUkTI 1 niyayGMBIniymn½ybkti-
KuNnam kñúgenaHeyIgBinitüeXIjfa bktiKuNnamCaBaküGaRs½ynwgnam b¤ rNbnam. karsikSa
GMBIRbPBenAkñúgCMBUkTI 2 bgðajfa GIVEdlCabktiKuNnammanRbPBFM²BIr RbPBExµr nig breTs .
fñak;BaküenHmYycMnYnFM ekIteLIgedayvIFIbegIátBakü ³ vIFIkmøayedayeRbIpñt; viFIsmas ¬‘rNMþ’
brivars½BÞ sMnYnevahas½BÞ¦ karRtab;sUr nig karpøas;bþÚrsMNUr.
EpñkTI 2 KWCaebHdUgénsarNa EdlRtUv)anEckecjCaBIrCMBUk. enAkñúgEpñkenHeyIgsikSa
eRbobeFobrvagbktiKuNnam CamYyfñak;BaküBIreTotKW KuNkiriya nig kiriyas½BÞ edIm,Irk[eXIj
vtþman b¤ GvtþmanKuNnamExµr. CMBUkTI 1 KWCakarsegçbTsSn³enAkñúgsñaédsikSanana sIþGMBI
vtþman nig GvtþmanKuNnamExµr ehIynig karBinitüBicarNaelITsSn³TaMgenaH . eyIgRKan;Et

vi
Rsg;ykKnøwHsMxan;²mYycMnYn EdleKeRbICamUldæanbEg¥ksRmab;RTRTg;TsSn³rbs;eK. Ep¥ktam
TsSn³elIvtþmanKuNnam nigtamTsSn³eyIgpÞal; bktiKuNnammanmuxgarbYnkñúgsm<½n§ ³ KuNbT
¬attributive / épithète¦rbs;;nam/ kenSamkiriya ¬predicative / attribut¦/ KuNkiriya ¬adverb¦
nigCYnkal fñak;BaküenHGacQrCakenSamnamRbFan. TsSn³xagGvtþmanKuNnam1
Ep¥kelI
TRmg;mYyrbs;KuNnamkñúgPasaGg;eKøs ¬to be + adjective ‘to be small = tUc’¦ nig tamkar-
vinicä½ymYyeTot eKeRbIFatu kMu min k¾ & nwg . eKsnµtfa BaküNaEdlGaceRbICamYyFatuTaMgenH
BaküenaHCakiriyas½BÞ. kñúgCMBUkTI2 lT§plénkarsikSaeRbobeFobbgðajfa TnwÞmnwg lkçN³dUc
Kñaénfñak;BakünImYy²CamYynwgbktiKuNnam k¾manlkçN³edayELkpgEdr. bktiKuNnam nig
KuNkiriya mindUcKñaenAkñúgkareRbIR)as;Fatu nigCaBiessfñak;BaküTaMgBIrman BakübegÁal
¬modifie¦ epSgBIKña. bktiKuNnam GaRs½ynwgnam rIÉKuNkiriyaGaRs½ynwg kiriyas½BÞ
KuNnam nig KuNkiriyaKñaÉg . müa:geTot bktiKuNnam k¾GacCaFatubgásMxan;mYyrbs;
KuNkiriyabMENb edayeKRKan;Et pSMMbktiKuNnam ¬mYycMnYn¦ CamYynwgFatu eday/ )an/ [ &
Ca . karEjkecjBIKñanUvfñak;BaküTaMgBIr CYnkal k¾RtUvBwgelIbribT b¤ TIesckIþ ¬context¦ rbs;
BaküenAkñúgl,H. ÉlT§pleRbobeFobrvagbktiKuNnam CamYykiriyas½BÞ bgðajfa fñak;Bakü
TaMgBIr k¾mancMNucedayELkBIKñaelI ³ kareRbIR)as;;Fatu/ lT§PaBbegIátBakü nig tYnaTIenAkñúg
l,H . enAkñúgkarbegIátBakü kiriyas½BÞGacbegIát nam]bkrN_edayeRbIpñt; [-n-] ¬Can; > Qñan;/
cuk > cñúk/ ¦ nig kiriyas½BÞ fréquantatif ¬kay > kkay/ e)as > be)as/ cwk > ccwk¦
edayELkbktiKuNnamminmanlT§PaBTaMgenHeT. eKGacpSMbktiKuNnammYycMnYn CamYypñt; [k]
edIm,IbegIátbktiKuNnamEdlmann½yeRCA c,as; b¤ F¶n; CagbktiKuNnamedIm ¬cas; > kBa©as;/
1
-Judith M. Jacob, Introduction to Cambodian, Biddles Ltd., Great Britain 1968. p.59 “The
English sequence, verb ‘to be’ plus adjective (e.g. ‘is small’) must be translated into Cambodian
by a verb, e.g. phts to:c, ‘The house is small’. Such verbs are not usually followed by a noun
and are often followed immediately by the adverbial particles, nas, ‘very’ and pè:k, ‘too much’.
They will be called attributive verbs while most other verbs will be called operative verbs”.... “
Verbs. thom to be small cas to be old, to be grown up tmey to be new kme:ŋ to be young, to be
beautiful, nice, lovely, good l?o: to be large and roomy tù:lì: y” & p. 60 “An attributive verb
may follow a noun in close junction (i.e. in close-knit phrase). e.g. khnom mì: n pht s to:c, ‘I
have a small house’. to:c here occurs in close junction with the word pht h”.

vii
e)a:g > kMe)a:g¦. enAkñúgnaTIbMeBjn½y ¬KuNbT¦ eKGacbEnßmFatuBRgIkn½ymYycMnYndUcCa ya:g/
d¾/ éRk/ Cag eTA[bktiKuNnam ¬pÞHl¥ ³ pÞHya:gl¥/ pÞH d¾l¥/ pÞHl¥éRk>>>¦. enAkñúgtYnaTIdUcKña
enH kiriyas½BÞminmanlT§PaBbEnßmFatudUcxagelI)aneT ¬pÞHCYl ³ *pÞHya:gCYl/ *pÞHd¾CYl/
*pÞHCYléRk¦2
. enAkñúgl,H eKmineRbIbktiKuNnam CaFatubegÁalrbs;kenSamkiriyakñúgl,HbBa¢a
¬imperative sentence¦ EdlPaKeRcInepIþmeday sUm/ cUrb¤ l,HbBa¢aminbeBa©jRbFan elIkElg
l,HbBa¢aEbbhamXat; EdlmanFatu {kuM} .
dUecñH tamkarlMGiteTAelIlkçN³vinic½äy bktiKuNnam - kiriyas½BÞ - KuNkiriya nig tam
lT§plénkareRbobeFobfñak;BaküTaMgbIxagelI eyIgGacsniñdæanfa kñúgPasaExµrman KuNnam
dUcCaPasad¾éTeTotEdr. RKan;EteBlxøH eKminGacEck[dac;rvagfñak;BaküTaMgbI enAeRkAbribT
b¤ TIesckIþénl,H)aneLIy.
rrr2sss
2
-sBaØapáay ¬* ¦mann½yfa kenSamenAxagsþaMsBaØaenHminRtwmRtUv.

viii
Sommaire
“Adjectif qualificatif dans la langue khmer moderne”
Bien qu’il y ait beaucoup de travaux sur les adjectifs de la langue khmère, le débat
n’est pas clos et certains pensent qu’il n’y a pas d’adjectifs dans cette langue.
Nous avons choisi de travailler sur cette catégorie de mots, parce que, à cause de
ces controverses, nous voudrions y voir clair et apporter notre contribution à sa meilleure
connaisance.
Nous avons divisé ce mémoire en deux parties.
PREMIERE PARTIE :
Chapitre I :
Dans ce premier chapitre de la première partie, nous présentons les définitions
données par un certain nombre d’auteurs ainsi que la nôtre selon laquelle l’adjectif
qualificatif est un complétif du nom.
Chapitre II :
Dans ce chapitre, nous parlons de la formation de l’adjectif qualificatif (formation
par composition, formation par dérivation et formation à l'aide de procédés réduplicatifs,
onomatopéiques, etc).
DEUXIEME PARTIE :
La deuxième partie qui est le noyau du mémoire est divisée également en deux
chapitres. Dans cette partie, nous avons comparé l’adjectif qualificatif avec le verbe et
avec l’adverbe pour voir s’il y a une confusion possible entre le verbe et l’adjectif
qualificatif, d’une part, et entre celui-ci et l’adverbe, d’autre part.
Chapitre I :
Dans ce chapitre, nous résumons les idées d’un certain nombre d’auteurs, celles
de ceux qui pensent que l’adjectif qualificatif existe en khmer et celles de ceux qui
pensent le contraire. Selon les premiers, l’adjectif qualificatif peut être complément du
nom, prédicat, adverbe et, quelquefois, sujet du verbe. Selon les seconds, l’adjectif
qualificatif khmer peut s’employer avec kuM min k¾ & nwg qui sont des morphèmes caractérisant
les fonctions du verbe ; donc, selon eux, il n’y a pas d’adjectif qualificatif en khmer, à
proprement parler.

ix
Chapitre II :
Dans ce deuxième chapitre de la deuxième partie, les comparaisons entre
l’adverbe et l’adjectif qualificatif, d’une part, et entre celui-ci et le verbe, d’autre part, ont
montré qu'en khmer il n’y a pas de confusion entre ces trois catégorie de mots :
- l’adjectif qualificatif est satellite du nom; alors que l’adverbe est satellite
des autres mots de sa propre catégorie, est celui du verbe ou de l’adjectif
qualificatif;
- au-delà des propriétés communes, l’adjectif qualificatif et le verbe sont
différents en ce sens :
· que seul le verbe peut donner naissance aux noms d’instrument à l’aide
de l’infixe /-n-/ ou aux verbes fréquentatifs grâce au redoublement de la
première consonne des verbes d'où ils sont sortis;
· que seul encore le verbe peut s’employer avec sUm & cUr ;
· que, en revanche, seul l’adjectif peut s’employer avec ya:g d¾ éRk& Cag .
Conclusion
L’adjectif qualificatif existe bel et bien en khmer, bien qu’il ait beaucoup de pro-
priétés communes avec le verbe et un certain nombre de comportements syntaxiques
communs avec l’adverbe.

x
matika
]TiÞskfa…………………….... …………………………………………………………i
esckIþEføgGMNrKuN ……………………………………………………………………ii
esckIþsegçb ……………………………………………………………………………iii
matika ……………………………………………………………………………………x
lMnaMedIm ……… ……………………………………………………………………….1
esckIþepIþm ………………………………. …………………………………………….3
EpñkTI 1
TidæPaBrYménkarsikSabktiKuNnam
CMBUkTI 1 PaBGaRs½yrbs;bktiKuNnam
1- niymn½ybktiKuNnam …………………………………………………………………5
2- PaBGaRs½yrbs;bktiKuNnamCamYynam ……………………………………………….7
CMBUkTI 2 RbPBbktiKuNnam
1- bktiKuNnamRbPBbreTs ……………………………………………………………..8
1>1- RbPBBIPasasMRswát-)alI …………………………………………………………...8
1>2- RbPBBIPasaéf ¬esom¦ ………………………………………………………….12
1>2>1- Baküéf EdlExµrGantamsUrExµr…… ……………………………………………13
1>2>2- kmøayBaküéftamviFIExµr ………………………………………………………..14
1>3- RbPBBIPasaevotNam ¬yYn¦ ……………………………………………………..15
1>4- RbPBBIPasacin …………………………………………………………………...15
1>5- RbPBBIPasa)araMg …………………………………………………………………15
2- bktiKuNnamRbPBExµr ……………………………………………………………….16
2>1- bktiKuNnamCaBakümYyBüagÁ …………………………………………………..16
2>2- bktiKuNnamCaBaküeTalBhuBüagÁ ………………………………………………..17
2>3- bktiKuNnamekItBIviFIkmøayBakü ……………………………...………………..18

xi
2>3>1- bktiKuNnamekItedayeRbIpñt;edIm ………………………………………………19
2>3>2- bktiKuNnamekItedayeRbIpñt;ECk ………………………………………………23
2>4- bktiKuNnamekItBIviFIsmas ……………………………………………………….25
2>4>1- bktiKuNnamsmasekItBI ¬rNþM¦brivars½BÞ ………………………………………27
2>4>2- bktiKuNnamsmasEbbsMnYnevahas½BÞ …………………………………………28
2>5- bktiKuNnamekItBIkarpøas;bþÚrsUr …………………………………………………..31
2>6- bktiKuNnamekItecjBIkarRtab;sUr ………………………………………………..32
EpñkTI 2
karsikSaeRbobeFob bktiKuNnam nig kiriyas½BÞ/ bktiKuNnam nig KuNkiriya
edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIvtþman nig GvtþmanKuNnamkñúgPasaExµr
CMBUkTI 1segçbTsSn³eTAelIvtþman nig GvtþmanKuNnamkñúgPasaExµr
1- TsSn³elIvtþmanKuNnamExµr…………………………………………………………35
1>1- TsSn³elIkarkMNt;muxgarrbs;bktiKuNnam……………………………………….38
1>2- karBicarNaelITsSn³EbgEckmuxgarbktiKuNnam …………………………………41
1>3- karBicarNaelIkmµbTrbs;bktiKuNnam ……………………………………………44
1>4- TsSn³mYycMnYnelITMehobbktiKuNnam …………………………………………….45
2- TsSn³elIGvtþmanKuNnamExµr ……………………………………………………….46
CMBUkTI 2 karsikSaeRbobeFobfñak;BaküTaMgbI
1- kareRbobeFobbktiKuNnam CamYyKuNkiriya ………………………………………...48
1>1- kareRbIFatusmÁal;lkçN³bktiKuNnam …………………………………………….48
1>2- PaBGaRs½yrbs;KuNkiriya ………………………………………………………..52
1>3- RbePTKuNkiriya ………………………………………………………………….52
1>4- FatumYycMnYnEdleRbIsmÁal;KuNkiriya ……………………………………………...55
1>5- PaBdUc nig xusKñarvagbktiKuNnam nig KuNkiriya ……………………………….…57
1>5>1- PaBdUcKñarvagbktiKuNnam nig KuNkiriya ……………………………………….57
1>5>2- PaBxusKñarvagbktiKuNnam nig KuNkiriya ………………………………………58

xii
1>5>2>1- BinitüelIkareRbIR)as;Fatu …………………………………………………….58
1>5>2>2- BinitüelIPaBGaRs½yrbs;RbePTBaküTaMgBIr ………………………………….59
2- kareRbobeFobbktiKuNnam CamYy kiriyas½BÞ ………………………………………...61
2>1- GIVCakiriyas½BÞ ?……………………………………………………………………62
2>2- FatumYycMnYnEdleRbIsmÁal;kiriyas½BÞ………………………………………………62
2>2>1- FatusmÁal;kal ………………………………………………………………...63
2>2>2- FatusmÁal;lT§PaB …………………………………………………………….63
2>2>3- FatusmÁal;TRmg;bdiesF ……………………………………………………….64
2>3- lT§PaBbegIátBakü ……………………………………………………………….65
2>3>1- nam ³ Pñak;gar/ ]bkrN_/ lT§pl ……………………………………………….65
2>3>2- kiriyas½BÞehtu …………………………………………………………………..65
2>3>3- kiriyaGtþpl …………………………………………………………………66
2>3>4- kiriya fréquentatifs …………………………………………………………….66
2>4- lkçN³dUc nig lkçN³xusKñarvag bktiKuNnam nig kiriyas½BÞ ………………………66
2>4>1- lkçN³dUcKñarvagbktiKuNnam nig kiriyas½BÞ ……………………………………66
2>4>1>1- kareRbIR)as;Fatu ……………………………………………………………67
2>4>1>2- karBinitüelIlT§PaBbegIátBakü ………………………………………………67
2>4>1>3- tYnaTIdUcKñarbs; bktiKuNnam nig kiriyas½BÞkñúgl,H ………………………….69
2>4>2- lkçN³xusKñarvagbktiKuNnam nig kiriyas½BÞ ……………………………………69
2>4>2>1- lT§PaBbegIátBakü …………………………………………………………...70
2>4>2>2- karBicarNa ¬rNMþ ¦brivars½BÞrbs;RbePTBaküTaMgBIr …...……………………...70
2>4>2>3- kareRbIR)as;Fatu ……………………………………………………………71
2>4>2>3- tYnaTIenAkñúgl,HbBa¢a ………………………………………………………...72
eyabl;rYm ……………………………………………………………………………..74
KnßnieTÞs ………………………………………………………………………………..76
]bsm<½n§ ……………………………………………………………………………………

-1-
lMnaMedIm
enHCakic©karRsavRCavdMbUgmYy EdleyIgeFIVeLIgkñúgeKaledArYmcMENkelIksÞÜyvis½y
sikSaPasa nigGkSrsa®sþExµr [kan;EtmanlkçN³RsbeTAnwgviTüasa®sþénkarsikSaPasa ehIy
enHk¾CacMENkmYyénkic©karsresrbBa©b;fñak;briBaaØb½RtCan;x<s; (Master/DEA) EpñkPasaviTüa
enAraCbNiÐtsPakm<úCa EdlCavKÁbNþúHbNþalBRgIkcMeNHdwgbBaØajaNCatiCan;x<s;énkm<úCa sißt
enAeRkamkarCYy]btßmÖKaMRTBIraCrdæaPi)al kñúgeKaledABRgIkvis½yplitFnFanmnusSenAkm<úCa.
edaykRmityl;dwgxagPasaviTüaenAminTan;sIuCeRmA nigry³eBlénkarsresrxøI kareFIV[
seRmcecjCarUbragnUvsñaédenH manlkçN³minTan;RKb;RCugeRCayenAeLIy. eBlevlad¾xIøénvKÁ
bNþúHbNþal k¾min)aneRbIedaycMeBaH EteTAelIkarsikSacMeNHdwgmUldæanxagPasaviTüa nigkic©kar
RsavRCavTak;TgnwgRbFanbTbu:eNÑaHeT esIÞrmYyPaKbIéneBl RtUv)aneRcokrMElkeTA[karbMeBj
bEnßmcMeNHdwgPasabreTs nigcMeNHdwgTUeTA ¬general knowledge¦. kñúgGMLúgénkarsresr
eyIg´ k¾CYbbBaðalM)aky:ageRcIn kñúgenaHmanbBaðakgVHxatÉksar ehIyÉksard¾tictYcsþÜcesIþg
enaHeTotesat suT§swgsresrCaPasabreTs EfmTaMgsMbUreTAedayBakübec©keTsBi)akyl;
eTotpg.
edaysarmankarelIkTwkcitþ nigCYy]btßmÖKaMRTTaMgsµartI nigsmÖar³BIsMNak;fñak;dwknaM
saRsþacarüÉkeTs énraCbNÐitsPakm<úCa BiessBIelaksaRsþacarüdwknaM Edl)aneqøóteBl
evlad¾mmajwkenAkñúgParkic© mkCYyENnaMbMPWøpøÚv nigbMeBjcenøaHxVHxat ]bsKÁTaMgGm,alman
)anRskRsutfycuHGs;mYyPaKFM ehIysarNamYyenHk¾)ankekIteLIg nigseRmcecjCaEpøpáa
KYrCakareBjcitþ)an.
karsikSaGMBIKuNnamenH minEmnCakic©karfIµRsLageLIy eRBaHknøgmkk¾mankarsikSa
RsavRCavxøHehIyEdr. karsikSaRsavRCavxøHEp¥kelIevyüakrN_niyam EdlsRmbxøÜntamevyüa-
krN_sMRsáwt-)alI nigevyüakrN_)araMg Gg;eKøs nigmYycMnYntUcsißtkñúgRkbx½NÐPasaviTüa Edl
eRcInEtsresrCaPasabreTs.
karsikSaTIenH eyIgBwgEp¥kesIÞrTaMgRsug eTAelIsñaédénkarsikSaRsavRCav EdlmanBImun
mk RKan;EteFIVkarviPaKlMGiteTAtameKalkarN_PasaviTüa nigeTAtamrcnasm<½n§PasaExµrbu:eNÑaH.

-2-
CakarBitehIy TsSn³rbs;GñksikSaRsavRCavmñak;² minEmnsuT§EtRtwmRtUvmYyryPaKryenaH
eLIy eBalKWEtgCYbnUvlkçN³qkElVgtic b¤ eRcInedayeCosminput k¾bu:Enþ eTaHCaya:gNak¾eday
k¾TsSn³TaMgenaH CakBa©k;d¾viessvisalsRmab;qøúHbBa©aMgnUvbTBiesaFn_ nig CaemeronsRmab;
CaTunkúñgkarsikSaRsavRCavbnþ. eyIgsUmeKarBtémøénsñaédTaMgenaH nigTukCas<ancmøgseRmc
eKaledARsavRCav.
lT§plénkarRsavRCavEsþgeLIgenAkñúgsñaédenH eyIg´sgÇwmfa cMNucGviC¢manR)akdCa
manCaminxan. eyIg´rg;caMedayesamnsSrIkray nUvkarriHKn;RbkbedaylkçN³viTüasa®sþkñúg
n½ysßabna nigGPivDÆ BIsMNak;GñksikSaPasaviTüaRKb;RsTab;.

-3-
esckIþepIþm
1- mUlehtuénkareRCIserIsRbFanbT
fIVt,itEtKuNnamkñúgPasaExµr CakmµvtßúsikSarbs;GñksikSaRsavRCav mancMnYneRcIn nig Ca
yUrmkehIyk¾eday k¾eKeXIjmanPaBRsBicRsBilenAeLIy BIbBaðavtþman nig Gvtþman énfñak;
BaküenHenAkñúgPasaExµr.
karbM)at;nUvPaBRsBicRsBilenH CavtßúbMNgsMxan; énkarsikSaRsavRCavrbs;eyIgenAkñúg
sarNaenH. )ann½yfa sarNaenH manbMNgnwgeFIVkarviPaKnUvTsSn³TaMgLay Ed;lniyayBI
KuNnamkñúgPasaExµr ehIyeFIVesckIþsnñidæanfa etIkñúgPasaExµrman b¤k¾Kµanfñak;BaküEbbenH eday
elIkykGIVEdleKfa bktiKuNnam b¤ KuNnamRbRktImkeFIVkarsikSabBa¢ak;.
ehtuEdlnaM[eyIgyk bktiKuNnam CakmµvtßúsMxan; kñúgkaredaHRsayTsSn³ExVgKñaenH
edaysarEt ³
1- TsSn³faman b¤ KµanKuNnamkñúgPasaExµr GñksikSaRsavRCav CaBiess GñkEdlfa
Kµanfñak;BaküRbePTenH PaKeRcIn eRcInEteFIVkarsikSaEp¥kelIbktiKuNnam
2- bktiKuNnamkñúgPasaExµr k¾dUcCaPasadéTeTot KWCaRbePTKuNnamEdleKminGac
rMlg)an. )ann½yfa enAkñúgkarsikSaKuNnam esIÞrRKb;Pasa eKEtgEtelIkykRbePTKuNnamenH
mkdak;kñúglMdab;TImYy
3- kñúgPasaExµr bktiKuNnamminRtwmEtbgðajBIlkçN³rbs;nam bu:eNÑaHeT Etk¾CaFatu
sMxan;enAkñúgl,H. kñúgeBlxøH bktiKuNnamenHedIrtYCakenSamkiriya EdlCaFatusMxan;minGacxVH
)anenAkñúgl,H b¤ kñúgTMnak;TMng.
dUecñH kñúgsarNaenH eyIgnwg ³
1- eFIVkarsikSaelIbktiKuNnamExµr ¬RbPBkMeNItbktiKuNnam¦
2- eFIVkarelIkeLIgBITsSn³ Edlfaman b¤k¾KµanKuNnamkñúgPasaExµr tamry³
kareRbobeFob fñak;BaküenH CamYynam/ KuNkiriya ¬adverbs¦ nig kiriyas½BÞ
3- eFIVesckIþsniñdæanseRmcfa {etIkñúgPasaExµrmanKuNnam b¤ k¾Kµan ? }.

-4-
2- reboberobcMkic©karRsavRCav
edIm,IsRmYldl;karsresrsarNaenH eyIg´)anGnuvtþtamkarerobcMdUcxageRkam ³
- RbmUlral;RTwsIþ nig TsSn³sMxan;² EdlTak;TgdMeNIrkarénsarNa dak;eTAtamEpñk .
- Rsg;KuNnamBIkñúgvcnanuRkmExµr. enAkñúgvcnanuRkmenHmanKuNnamsrub 3328 Bakü
ehIyenAkñúgcMnYnenaH Bakü EdleKcat;TukCaKuNnamsuT§saFman 1325 Bakü.
- Rsg;l,HmYycMnYn EdlbeRmI[kic©karRsavRCav ecjBIsñaédsikSanana manCaGaT× erOg
Rbelamelak erOgeRBg nigsñaédTUnµanmYycMnYneTot . ¬manbgðajCUnenAkñúg]bsm<½n§¦
3- eKalFM ² énKeRmagsarNa
sarNaenHEckecjCaBIrEpñkFM² ehIyEpñknImYy ² manBIrCMBUk.
EpñkTI1 ³ TidæPaBrYménkarsikSabktiKuNnam
CMBUkTI 1 KWCakarsikSasIþGMBIniymn½ybktiKuNnam kñúgenaHeyIgnwgrk[eXIjfa etIbkti
KuNnammanniymn½ydUcemþc.
CMBUkTI 2 sikSaeTAelIRbPBbktiKuNnam TaMgRbPBExµr nigRbPBbreTs CamYyKñaenH
nwgBinitüeTAelIviFIbegIátBakümYycMnYn EdlCaRbB½n§ynþkarsMxan; kñúgkarbegIátKuNnamkmøay.
EpñkTI 2 ³ karsikSaeRbobeFobbktiKuNnam nig kiriyas½BÞ nig KuNkiriya edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIvtþman
nig GvtþmanKuNnamkñúgPasaExµr
CMBUkTI 1 segçbTsSn³sIþGMBIvtþman nig GvtþmanKuNnamExµr nigkarBinitüBicarNaelI
cMNucmYycMnYn EdlRtUv)aneKykeTAeRbICamUldæanbEg¥k sRmab;RTRTg;TsSn³rbs;eK.
CMBUkTI 2 sikSaeRbobeFobrklkçN³rYm nig lkçN³edayELkrbs; bktiKuNnam CamYy
nwgKuNkiriya nig KuNnam CamYynwg kiriyas½BÞ. karsikSaeRbobeFob nwgBwgEp¥kelIcMNucCaeRcIn
CaBiessnwgsgát;F¶n;eTAelIcMNucsMxan;²bI ³ 1¦- kareRbIR)as;Fatu/ 2¦- lT§PaBbegIátBakü nig
3¦- tYnaTIenAkñúgsm<½n§.

-5-
CMBUkTI 1
PaBGaRs½yrbs;bktiKuNnam
karsikSaelIbktiKuNnamenAkñúgEpñkenH KWCakarelIkeLIgnUvniymn½ybktiKuNnam nig
PaBGaRs½yrbs;fñak;BaküenH eTAelInam .
1- niymn½ybktiKuNnam
edayEp¥ktamkarEbgEckKuNnamCa bktiKuNnam viessKuNnam nig GtiviessKuNnam
GñksikSamYycMnYnmanTsSn³dUcKñafa {BaküEdlR)ab;lkçN³namnam[dwgfa l¥b¤GaRkk;/ tUcb¤
FMCaediIm ehAfa KuNnam dUcBaküfacitþl¥ . l¥CaKuNnamrbs;citþ ²Canamnam. KuNnamenaHEck
Ca3ya:gKWbktiKuNnam1viessKuNnam1GtiviessKuNnam1.}1
cMeBaHniymn½ybktiKuNnam
RkumenHmanTsSn³fa {bktiKuNnam ¬Adjectif qualificatif¦-KuNnam EdlsEmþglkçN³rbs;
namnam tamlMGanCaRbRktI minTan;viessEbøk KWKuNnamRKan;EtsEmþg[dwg lkçN³esµaHtam
Fmµtabu:eNÑaH dUcCaBaküfa³ pÞHtUc/ bnÞat;Evg/ esovePARkas>>>CaedIm }2
.
elak hSk ma:es<rU: ¬Georges Maspero¦min)an[niymn½y edaycMelIbktiKuNnamExµr
eT RKan;EtenAkñúgkarsikSaKuNnamRbePTenH ¬adjectif qualificatif¦ Kat;)anbgðajcMNucCaeRcIn
cMNucmYykñúgcMeNamenaH Kat;sresrfa “bktiKuNnam eKdak;bnÞab;nam EdlbktiKuNnamenaH
1
- b‘U bU:/ evyüakrN_Exµr/ exmrbNÑaKar/ PñMeBj/ 1955/ TMB½r 31. eson x½nDI/ evyüakrN_ExµrTMenIb/
PñMeBj/ 1956/ TMB½r 134. G‘uy CYn/ evyüakrN_Biess/ bNÑaKar KIm KI/ PñMeBj 1958/ TMB½r 100. jik
nUv/ evyüakrN_Exµr/ eragBum<RBHbrmraCvaMg/ 1959/ TMB½r 34. exov CuM/ evyüakrN_eyIg/ eTog hug esg/
PñMeBj/ TMB½r 59 . Kwm Est/ viFIcgbT>sm<n§/ bNÑaKarExµrsm½y/ kMBg;cam/ 196?TMB½r 33 nigevyüa-
krN_TMenIb nwg viFIcgbTsm<n§/ bNÑaKar vg; rsIµ/ kMBg;cam/ TMB½r 37. CU fanI/ k,Ünsm<n§segçb/ bNÑaKar
esggYnhYt/PñMeBj/1967/TMB½r 21.2
-esonx½nDI/ evyüakrN_ExµrTMenIb/PñMeBj 1956TMB½r134.

-6-
bBa¢ak;lkçN³[. ]TahrN_ ³ Ga EN³ man R)aCJa: FM N;as ¬GaenHmanR)aCJaFMNas; ¦/ va rk É
Na man s,Úv s¶Üt ¬varkÉNamans,Úvs¶Üt¦”
3
.
elak Xin sux fa “KuNnam KWCaBakümYy EdleKbEnßmeTAelInam edIm,IbBa¢ak;KuN
lkçN³ rbs;namenaH.
]TahrN_³
dÍenHRkhmmkBI dI÷enH÷Rkhm mann½yfa dIenHBN’Rkhm.
pÞHenHtUcmkBI pÞH÷enH÷tUc )anesckþIfa pÞHenHmanragtUc.
BaküRkhm ehIynwgBakütUc KWCaKuNnamRbRktI ¬bktiKuNnam¦>>>. ”
4
esovePAevyüakrN_RksYgGb;rMfa “KuNnamRbRktI ³ KuNnamsMrab;sMEdg KuNPaBrbs;
mnusS stV b¤ vtßú .
]TahrN_³
TgRtLacrKg enaHemIleTAKYreGaysb,ay.
ExrgarenHeFIVeGayeyIgedkBuMlk;. ”
5
elak G‘uk vibul manTsSn³fa {KuNnamKuNPaB KWCaKuNnamsMrab;bBa¢ak;lkçN³
KuNPaB[nam. ]TahrN_ ³ l¥/ GaRkk;/ s¥at/ sb,ay/ Rss;/ føa/ eRkomRkM/ RseBan/ RsGab;/
l¥k;/ xi¢l/ ]sSah_/ Rk/ man/ kac/ søÚt/ eXareXA/ éføfñÚr/ xus/ RtUv/ efakTab/ rwg/ xøaMg/ RsYl/
lM)ak/ }6
.
tamkarsegátelIniymn½yTaMgenH CaTUeTA bktiKuNnam k¾dUcCaKuNnamdéTeTotEdr KW
CaBakü EdleKP¢ab;eTAnwgnamedIm,IbBa¢ak;n½y b¤bgðajlkçN³rbs;namTaMgenaH. mann½yfa
bktiKuNnam minGacykeTApSMnwgfñak; BaküeRkAGMBInameLIy.
3
-Georges Maspéro, Grammaire de la langue khmère, École française d’Extrême-Orient, Impri-
merie National (Paris)1915, p.245 “L’adjectif qualificatif se place après le substantif qu’il qualifie>”
4
-Xinsux / evyüakrN_PasaExµr¬La grammaire du khmer modern¦, PaKTI2/1999/TMB½r 229.5
-RksYgGb;rM/ evyüakrN_fañk;TI7/ PñMeBj/1983TMB½r 84.
6
-G‘uk vibul/evyüakrN_ExµrTMenIb/ 2001 TMB½r17. enAkñúg bTanuRkmExµr-Gg;eKøs ¬TMB½r157¦énesovePA
dEdlenHelak[n½y KuNnamKuNPaBesIµnwgBakü quality adjective.

-7-
2- PaBGaRs½yrbs;bktiKuNnamCamYy nam
eyIgyk]TahrN_mYycMnYn edIm,IbBa¢ak;KMnitxagelI KWKMnitEdlfa bktiKuNnamminGac
xVHnam)an.
nagG‘UrIhuc kUnkEnSgtUcmYyeTAsUpat>>>¬sUpat/ TMB½r 38¦. pÞHcas;Rbk;ek,Óg dMbUlBIrCan;/
CBaa¢Mgkþar/ Rkalkþar/>>>¬kulabéb:lin/ TMB½r 2¦. PaN ¡ BIedImGj sµanfa pnsIu CamnusS GavaEs>>>
¬sUpat/ TMB½r 50¦. mnusSl¥>>>EbrCamanerOgeTAvij ¬RKUbeRgonRsukERs TMB½r 11¦.
kñúgl,HTaMgenH eyIgmanbktiKuNnam tUc bBa¢ak;lkçN³[ kUnkEnSg/ cas; bBa¢ak;
lkçN³[ pÞH/ GavaEs nig l¥ bBa¢ak;lkçN³[ mnusS. RbsinebI eyIglubnamecjBIl,HnImYy²
eyIg)an ³
- nagG‘UrIhuctUcmYyeTA sUpat >>>.
- cas;Rbk;ek,Óg dMbUl BIrCan;/ CBaa¢Mgkþar/ Rkalkþar/>>>.
- PaN ¡ BIedImGj sµanfa pnsIu CaGavaEs>>>.
- l¥>>>EbrCamanerOgeTAvij.
eyIgeXIjfa l,HTaMgenHmann½ysþab;min)an pþl;Bt’manminRKb;RKan; Gñksþab;nwgecaTsYr
rkesckIþbBa¢ak; ³ GIVtUc/ GIVcas;/ GIV b¤ nrNaGavaEs nig GIVl¥.
EtRbsinebIeKdkbktiKuNnam ecjBIl,HTaMgbYnenH eXIjfa l,HTaMgenH k¾minxUcRTg;-
RTay nig n½yrhUtdl;sþab;min)anenaHeLIy RKan;Etn½yrbs;l,HTaMgenH manPaBminc,as;las;
BIeRBaHeKminGacdwgfa kUnkEnSg/ pÞH/ nig mnusS manlkçN³dUcemþc.

-8-
CMBUkTI 2
RbPBbktiKuNnam
eyIgeXIjfa bktiKuNnamExµrelcecjBIRbPBBIr KW RbPBbreTs nig RbPBExµrsuT§.
1- bktiKuNnamRbPBbreTs
1>1- RbPBBIPasasMRswát-)alI
sM®swát nig )alI )aneRCotcUlmkRsukExµr cab;taMgBIExµr nig NÐacab;manTMnak;TMngnwgKña
CaBiesskñúgstvtSTI1énRKisÁsraC. PasasM®sáwt nig )alIEdlcUlmkRsukExµr PaKeRcIntam
ry³ sasna/ vb,Fm’ nig kic©karneya)ay . k¾bu:EnþPasaTaMgBIrenH RtUv)aneKykmkRkéL[sm
RsbeTAtam sMenog nig sMeLg nig rcnasm<½n§PasaGñkRsukGay. cMeBaHbBaðaenH elakRsI Rtwg
gar manTsSn³fa {BaküExµrsuT§ eRcInEtmancMnYnBüagÁtic KWsm,ÚN’BakümYyBüagÁ EbøkGMBI Bakü
)alI-sM®sáwt EdleRcInEtmancMnYnBüagÁeRcIn. kñúgkrNIBaküExµrsuT§2BüagÁ b¤eRcInBüagÁ eK)an
segáteXIjfa karbnøWEtgmanTMenareTArkkarbRgYjBüagÁeRcIn eGayenAsl;ticbMput edaybenßIr
sñÚr rW bRgYjsñÚrenABüagÁmux ehIysgát;sñÚrenABüagÁeRkay>>>. TMenarbRgYjBüagÁenH manTi§Bl
ya:gxøaMgeTAelIBakü)alI-sM®sáwt EdlcUlmklayLMkñúgPasaExµr>>>}7
. elak eson x½nDI fa
{>>>eKyktYBüBa¢n³xagcugTukCatYRbkb ³ vikl [vi-k³-l³] Ganfa vikl;/ stü [s³-tü³] Ganfa
sat;/ skl[s³-k³-l³] Ganfa s³kl; CaedIm}8
.
eKeXIjBaküsM®swát-)alImYycMnYnRtUv)at;bg; b¤ RtUvbþÚrTRmg;sUr b¤TRmg;BüagÁedIm tam
ry³karkat;sUrRs³cugBüagÁ ehIyBüBa¢n³énBüagÁxagcugenH køayCaBüBa¢n³Rbkb b¤RtUv)at;bg;sUr
Etmþg. ]TahrN_ ³ bvr[b:³-v³-r³] bIBüagÁkøayCa [b-v:] BIrBüagÁ ehIysUr [b:³] køayCa rIÉ [b]
7
-Rtwgga/ GriyFm’Exµrfñak;TIbBa©b;/karpSayrbs;GñkniBn§/ 1974/TMB½r80.
8
-esonx½nDI/ evyüakrN_ExµrTMenIb/d>É>m> TMB½r24.

-9-
v³-r³ ] køayCa [v: ]. brisuT§ sUredImGanfa [b:³-ri-suT-F³ ] bYnBüagÁkøayCa [b-ri-sut ]
bIBüagÁ. kñúgBaküEbbenH eKeXIjfa Rs³ nig BüBa¢n³cugBüagÁkøayCaBüBa¢n³Rbkb.
edaysarEtehtuplenH eTIbeKeXIjmanGMNanxusKñaeTAelIBaküEtmYy edayCYnkal
eKrkSasUredIm CYnkaleTotRkéL[eTACasUrExµr.
]TahrN_ ³ sm CYnkaleKrkSasUr [s³-m:³¼m³ ] TaMgRsug dUcCa ³ smmitþ smFm’
smPaB CYnkal BakükñúgBüagÁedImRtUv)aneKGanEbbExµrfa [sM-m:³-mit]/ [sM-m:³-Fm’]/ [sM-m:³-
PaB]. ehIyCYnkal eKGanfa [sM] dUckñúgBakü smKYr/ smsYn. ]TahrN_ ³ yIeQµaHTaMgBIrenH
smKñaNas;etI ¡ ¬páaRseBan{RksYg}/ TMB½r 38¦.
eRkABIenH bktiKuNnamxøHeTot enArkSacMnYnsUrs½BÞedImTaMgRsug dUcCa ³
vIr³ Ganfa [vI-r³] ¬mYnmaM/ Gg;Gac/ køahan ¦
Bhu Ganfa[B³-h‘u] ¬eRcIn ¦
Gtibrma Ganfa[G³-ti-b:³-r:³-ma:] ¬kRmitya:;geRcIn/ ya:gx<s;/ ya:gq¶aybMput ¦
Gmt Ganfa[G³-m:³-t³] ¬Edlminsøab;/ minecHdac; ¦
mhima Ganfa[m³-hi-ma] ¬EdlmaneRcIn/ eRcInéRk ¦
Gcäriy Ganfa [G½c-q³-riu-y:³] ¬EdlKYres¶IcéRkeBk ¦
GtIt Ganfa[G³-tI-t³] ¬EdlhYseTAehIy EdlknøgeTAehIy ¦
]TahrN_ ³ citþnagkMBugEt lenøaceTAkñúgGtItkalsm½yénmatuPUmi>>> ¬páaRseBan{RksYg}
TMB½r 62¦. enAkñúgvcnanuRkmExµrBaküenH tRmUv[Ganfa [G³-Dit]. tamkareRbIR)as;CaTUeTA na
eBlbc©úb,nñenH eKfa [G³-tI-t³] eRcInCag.
cMENkbktiKuNnamxøHeTot GñkeRbIswgePøcfa manRbPBBIPasa)alI-sM®sáwt dUcCa ³
RbesIr {sM®sáwt fa RbKsþ/ )alI fa bstß} ¬l¥/ RbéBeBk/ Rtkal ¦.
]TahrN_³ El,gsI CakILad¾RbesIrmYyrbs;Exµr ¬El,gRbCaRbiyExµr TMB½r 55¦.
siVt {sM®swátfa siVT mann½yfa EbkejIs/ eFIV[EbkejIs} ExµrykmkeRbICaKuNnam man
n½yfa Rsut/ RTuDeRTam/ RseBan.
efak {)alIfaefak/ sM®sáwtfa esþak¬tic¦} ¬Edlmantémøtic¦.

-10-
Xøan ³ Bakü {Xøan} tamTsSn³elak eGov ekIs )an[eyabl;fa { BaküsM®swát Køan kñúg
Pasa)alIedIm,IevoreCos BüBa¢n³epIJeCIg BüagÁ Køa bMEbkeTACaBIrBüagÁ Kila ³ Køan > Kilan/
kalBaküsM®swátenaH mkCaBaküExµr sifil KeTACaFnit X³ Køan > Xøan} 9
.
karsegát- PaBEbøkKñaénkarERbRbYlsUr k¾dUckarrkSasUredIménBaküsM®sáwt-)alIxagelI eyIgyl;
fa )atuPUtTaMgenHTMngCaekIteLIgedaykarsRmYleTAtam karbeBa©jsUr¬RsYlfa¦ nigPaBBIeraH
Rtecok. enAkñúgcMeNam bktiKuNnam EdlrkSasUredIm CaTUeTA bktiKuNnamTaMgenaH eRcIneRbI
CamYynwgnam EdlmanRbPBsM®swát-)alI dUcKña.
TnwÞmnwgkarxI©BaküeBjGgÁ ¬free morphemes¦BIPasaTaMgenH ExµreyIgk¾)anxI©bEnßmnUv
pñt; ¬affixes¦mYycMnYn sRmab;eRbIR)as;kñúgkarbegáItBaküeTotpg. enAkñúgsñaédrbs;elak G‘uy
CYn nig elak eson xn½DI manbgðajnUvFatumYycMnYn EdlelakTaMgBIrehAfa Ca ]bsKÁ dUckñúg
esckIþfa {]bsKÁ CaGBüysBÞ ¬Baküminpøas;bþÚrrUbnigsBÞ¦ sRmab;eRbIcMeBaHEtbuBVbT erogP¢ab;
BIxagedIm namsBÞ nwgkiriyasBÞtamKYrdl;karRbkb mancMnYnEt 20 sBÞb:ueNÑaH>>>}10
. enAkñúg
cMeNamFatuTaMgenaH eyIgsegáteXIjmanmYycMnYn eKeRbIjwkjab;CamYyfñak;Bakünana edIm,I
begIátbktiKuNnam b¤ CYnkaleKeRbICamYyBaküCabktiKuNnamRsab; sRmab;bgðajn½y[kan;Et
c,as; b¤ PaBpÞúy dUcCa ³
FatuG-³
G ÷ PUt > GPUt ¬EdlminekIt/ minman ¦
G ÷ kusl > Gkusl ¬GaRkk;/ EdlCa)ab ¦
]TahrN_³ ebInrNaRbRBwtþnUvkmµGaRkk; nwgTTYlkmµGkuslGaRkk;¬GkSrsaRsþExµr TMB½r>50¦.
G ÷ cir > Gcir ¬EdlminyUr/ Edlminzítefr ¦
FatuGti-³
Gti ÷ brma > Gtibrma ¬d¾eRcInelIslb; ¦
9
-eGov ekIs/ PasaExµr/BuT§sasnbNiÐtü/1995TMB½r 239.
10
-esonx½nDI/ evyüakrN_ExµrTMenIb/d>É>m> TMB½r208-212{ Gti/GFi/Gnu/GPi/Gb/Gbi/Gv/Ga/
]/]b/Tu/ni/nI/b/bdib¤bti/bra/bri/vi/sM/su/ >>>}.

-11-
FatuGb-³
Gb ÷ lkçN_ > GblkçN_ ¬EdlR)ascaklkçN³l¥ KWEdltlkçN_>>>¦
Gb ÷ RTBü > GbRTBü ¬EdlvinasRTBü b¤ EdltRTBü¦
FatuTur-³
Tur ÷ ys > Turys ¬EdlxUcys ¦
Fatuvi-³
vi ÷samBaØ> visamBaØ ¬EdlxusRbRktI ¦
vi ÷ suT§ > visuT§ ¬brisuT§/ s¥atviess ¦
eRkABIviFIdUc)anbgðajxagelI manBaküsM®swát-)alImYycMnYn kalebIcUldl;fñalExµr RtUv
)anqøgtamlkçN³begáItBakü dUcBakürbs;ExµrEdr KWRtUv)aneKeFIV[køayeTACaBaküfIµ tamry³
kareRbIpñt;Exµr b¤ tamry³kareRbIrNþM ¬brivas½BÞ¦ b¤k¾edayviFIpSMEbbExµr. dUcCa ³
· elaP ÷ ¼-m-¼ > elµaP ¬EdlmanesckIþRtUvkareRcInteGonxµas ¦
elaP ÷ ln; > elaPln; ¬Edlcg;)aneRcInhYsehtu ¦
· eXar ¬xøaMg/ KYrxøac¦ ÷ eXA > eXareXA ¬xøaMgéRk/ ehAhan ¦
]TahrN_³ edIrdl;lMenA ykSyg;eXareXARsuksn§mar >>>¬BuT§iEsn/ TMB½r 22¦.
· sanþ ÷ RtaN > sanþRtaN ¬EdlmankarRKb;RKg b¤manBMnak;naM[)ansuxRsYlehIy ¦
]TahrN_³RsuksanþRtaNehIy KYrEteyIg)ansuxmUlRtkUl>>>¬RKUbeRgonRsukERs TM>23¦.
· ekSm ÷ kSanþ > ekSmkSanþ ¬EdlmanesckIþsux¦
· sVit ÷ rj½r > siVtrj½r
siVt ÷ ¼-G;g-¼ > sgiVt ¬EdlsiVt/ GIVEdlsiVt¦
]TahrN_³ mIgk¥at;ragsgiVtkenþvGaerv smdUcstVeQµaHKat;eTot>>>¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r83¦.
siVt ÷ sVaj > siVtsVaj ¬kMNaj;siVtsi¥tlµÜt mingaynwgcayRTBü¦
· sm ÷ sYn > smsYn ¬EdlRtUvtamxñat¦
sm ÷ rmü > smrmü ¬EdlRtUvEbbRtUvya:g¦
sm ÷ KYr > smKYr ¬lµm/ ya:gmFüm¦

-12-
· rh½s ÷ rhYn > rh½srhYn ¬EdlminyWt/ mincMeGok ³ mnusSrh½srhYn¦
· ] un b¤ GUn ekIteTACasnþanCaeRcIndUcCa »nfy/ Gn;fy ¬Tn;Tab¦/ Gab;»n ¬EdlxVH
lMG/ xVHRsIsYsIþ¦.
KuNnamsM®swát-)alI EdleXIjeRbIjwkjab;kñúgPasaExµrbc©úb,nñman ³ mha/ ]sSah_/ cir
¬cirkal/ cirPaB¦/ kruNa/ sm½y/ sux/ suT§/ Tukç/ klüaN/ sc©/ sBV/ GRbiy/ samanü/ esaPa/
ekSmkSanþ/ Kru/ nic©/ exøA/ GRbiy/ Xøan/ bzm/ sUnü/ Gkusl/ skiþsiT§i/ b£süa/ eRkaF/ sakl/
Bikar/ suPaB/ GaRsUv/ ]tþúgÁ]tþm/ RbesIr/ sþúksþmÖ> Gnafa/ Bal ¬Rsg;ecjBIvcnanuRkmExµr¦.
tamsißtsRmg;BaküBIvnanuRkmExµrPaKTI1 nigTI2 fñak;BaküCaKuNnamEdlExµrx©IBIsM®sáwt-
)alI manRbmaN 767 Bakü. enAkñúgenaHmanKuNnammYycMnYn hak;dUcCaminmaneXIjeRbIeT
TaMgenAkñúgsñaédnana k¾dUcCaenAkñúgTMnak;TMngTUeTA. ]TahrN_ ³ vC¢TsSI ¬EdleXIjeTaseKCa
RbRktI ¦/ vBaÄ³ ¬EdlminmankUn ¦/ ]bDÆ ¬CitknøH ¦/ setkicä³ ¬EdlenAEk)an ¦/ GakiNÑ
¬EdllayKña¦/ smµúx×PUt¬EdlR)akdenAmux ¦.
1>2- RbPBBIPasaéf ¬esom¦
Pasaéf CaPasaGIusULg;11
. tamkarsegáteTAelIrcnasm<½n§Pasa eXIjfa PasaenHman
lkçN³esIÞrEtdUcPasaExµr TaMgrUbBakü TaMgkarcUlrYmkñúgsm<½n§. kñúgEpñkenH eyIgnwgelIkykmk
sikSanUvfñak;BakümYycMnYn EdlExµrTTYlykmkeRbICabktiKuNnam enAkñúgPasaExµr TaMgBaküéf
suT§ nig BaküsgbMNul12
. kñúgcMeNamBakükmI©TaMgenaH manmYycMnYneyIgGantamEbbExµr nig
GantamlMnaMPasam©as;edIm.
11
-k5Sa:|K¡¡ q|v`KM Z]o¡/ rxc3jJjvlo q!K!#*%$ p.104. xwømsarenAkñúgesovePAmann½yCa
PasaExµrfa{PasaéfCaPasaGIusULg; b¤ Isolating Language ehIyCYnkaleKehAfa Monosyllabic
Language eRBaHBaküPaKeRcInmanBüagÁeTal}.
12
-eGov ekIs/ PasaExµr >>>d>É>m> TMB½r 274 {GarüFm’EdlhUrRtLb;BITisxaglicmkvijenaH minEmnnaM
BaküesomsuT§mk[eyIgEtbu:eNÑaHeT naMTaMgBaküExµrsuT§ nigBaküsM®sáwtxøHEdlesom)anxI©BIExµrykeTA

-13-
1>2>1- Baküéf EdlExµrGantamsUrExµr
Bakü EdlxI©BIPasaéf mkeRbIenAkñúgPasaExµreyIg manel¥ógelIsUrs½BÞ edayeyIgmin)an
TTYlykesñóg ¬ton¦ EdlCalkçN³BiessénPasaenH mkeRbICamYyBaküEdleyIgxI©enaHeT ³
Bn; sUredImfa [pun ] Cakiriyas½BÞ¬rYc/ rbUt¦ ExµrGanfa [Bn; ] eRbICaKuNnam¬hYs/ éRk ¦
y:akcun ¬EdlTal;Rk/ RkIRk ¦
]TahrN_³ EtbgLÚvFøak;ya:kcun>>> ¬páaRseBan/TMB½r 42¦.
ébtg ¬BN’swøkeckRss; ¦
]TahrN_³ swøkrwt>>>EdlmanExScMNgBN’ébtg>>>¬ páaRseBan/TMB½r 58¦.
exov ¬BN’épÞemXCaRbRktI ¦
]TahrN_³ CeNIþrelI EdllabfñaMBN’exovcas; ¬páaRseBan/TMB½r 28¦.
daMEdg ¬sm,úrexµAlayRkhm ¦
etakya:k ¬EdlFøak;cuHCaGñkRkIRklM)ak ¦
]TahrN_³ eQøaHnwgeTvta KWEm:«Ég EtgEtlM)ak RkIRketakya:k CatienHeXIjEsþg
>>>¬c,ab;eKarBmatabita/ TMB½r 3¦.
NaMnYn ¬lVtlVn; ¦sUredImfa [nimnYn] bc©úb,nñeKeRbIRsedogsUredImeRcInCag ³ narInwmnYn.
]TahrN_ ³ esþceqIøyvwgfa b¥ÚneGIybgra: cakzanq¶ayéRk sVHEsVgrkb¥Ún nwmnYnføaéfø
>>>¬BuTi§Esn/ TMB½r122¦.
timFI ¬EdleBjTI/ elIsln; ¦ BaküenHminsUvmaneXIjeRbIeRcIneT nabc©úb,nñ
eRcIneRbI EtkñúgsñaédBIsm½ymun².
]TahrN_³>>>yb;mijenH vargatimFIEtmþgehIy ¬páaRseBan TMB½r 64¦.
epOk ¬eXøócsRmab;mnusS ¦
mYem:A ¬ekþAkþÚl/ xwgdalval ¦
]TahrN_³ cinþamYem:AénTIXavuF eralqabeqHxøaMgeLIgeTot¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 140¦.
eRbI ehIyERbsMeLg[RsYlniyay tamc,ab;sUrsa®sþesommk[vijpg. BakücMBUkenH KYrehAfa Bakü
sgbMNul .}

-14-
hµt;hµg¬EdlGs;esckIþesAhµg/ s¥atRbéB ¦
esAhµg¬minbrisuT§ ¦
]TahrN_³ ebIcitþesAhµg RBwtiþkmµrbs;citþk¾ekIteLIgGaRkk; ¬CIvitRKb;;lkçN_/ TMB½r 2¦.
hµt;ct; ¬s¥at/ brisuT§ ¦
høay ¬eRcIn ¦ eKeRcIneRbICamYy TaMg> TaMgLay¬høay¦
Gab;cun ¬dundab/ Tn;fy/ exSayGMNac ¦
em:A ¬EdlmanrsnaM[Rsvwg¦/ mYem:A ¬Edlggwt/ ekþAkþÜl/ xwgkñaj;¦
Ehg ¬s¶Üt ¦
qut ¬EdlRtUv/ Bit/ BUEkskiþsiT§i ¦
]TahrN_ ³>>>KµanGñkNaqutCag elakRKUGan>>>¬páaRseBan/ TMB½r 69¦. fñaMqutmYyman
luHRtaEt)an EPñknarIr½tñ >>>¬BuT§iEsn/ TMB½r67 ¦.
1>2>2- kmøayBaküéftamviFIExµr
dUcKñanwgBakü)alIsM®swátEdr BaküéfmYycMnYn k¾RtUvqøgviFIbegIátBakü edaybUkpSMCamYy
Bakü nig Bakü ¬brivar¦ b¤ kareRbIpñt;kmøay edIm,IbegIátBaküfIµ.
· nYn ¬s÷elOg¦ ÷ l¥g ¬lMGgya:gli¥t¦> nYnl¥g ¬EdlmanBN’sm,úrpUrpg;bMRBg¦
· Bn; ³
- Bn; ÷ eBk > Bn;eBk
- Bn; ÷ RbmaN > Bn;RbmaN
Bakü Bn; nig snþanBakü rbs;BaküenH enAkñúgvcnanuRkm cat;TukfaCa KuNnam. tam
karsegátenAkñúgkareRbIR)as;Cak;EsþgenAkñúgsm<½n§BaküTaMgenHeRcIneRbICaKuNkiriya .
· sav ÷ [-t-] > sÞav ¬CMTg; ¦
· yg; ¬l¥ s¥at ¦ ³
- føa ÷ yg;> føayg; ¬føaNas; føaqVg; ¦/
- eqam ÷ yg; > eqamyg; ¬EdlmanrUbragRss;RsilrlIgrlg; ¦
]TahrN_³ TavfaxøÜnb¥ÚndUckMBg; xøÜnGñkeqamyg; dUcTUkehIy>>>¬TMuTav/ TMB½r 53¦ .
· yWn ¬yUr Fn;¦÷ yUr > yWnyUr ¬zitefr ¦

-15-
1>3- RbPBBIPasaevotNam ¬yYn¦
Exµr)anxI©BaküevotNammkeRbICabktiKuNnam dUcCa ³
LÚyfUy/ LÚy ¬EdlminykcitþTukdak;/ xI¢x¢a¦ tamkareRbIR)as;CaTUeTA BaküenH
eRcIneRbIsmÁal;kñúgn½yfa {EdlvaybJk RkGWtRkTm}.
esOg ¬Gg;Gac/ emaHmut¦ ]TahrN_³ citþesOg
ja:k/ cav¬p¥kcav¦/ eGkcay b¤ ehtcay>>>.
BaküTaMgenH eRcIneRbIEtenAkñúgkarR)aRs½yTak;TgFmµta minsUveXIjmaneRbIenAkñúgsñaéd
GkSrsa®sþeT.
1>4- RbPBBIPasacin
dUcPasabreTsdéTeTotEdr eKeXIjmanBakümYycMnYnBIPasacin RtUv)aneKeRbICabkti-
KuNnamenAkñúgPasaExµr. dUcCaBakü s‘y BaküenH tamvcnanuRkmPasaExµr faCakiriyas½BÞ b¤Ca
KuNnam Edlmann½yfa minRbTHlaP/ XVaglaP/ minsmtambMNg. Bakü s‘y pÞúynwg ehg .
BaküBI Pasacin eRbICabktiKuNnam kñúgPasaExµrman ³ esov/ eha {GMe)aHeha}/ qug/ >>>.
1>5- RbPBBIPasa)araMg
Pasa)araMg)aneRCotmkkñúgPasaeyIg tamry³karRtYtRtarbs;RbeTsenHmkelIRbeTs
km<úCaGs;ry³kalCitmYystvtS. PasaenH)anRtUveRbICapøÚvkarenAkñúgkic©karraCkar nigkñúg
vis½ysikSaFikar. edaysar)atuPUtTaMgenHehIy eTIbeyIgsegáteXIjmanBakü)araMgmYycMnYn
RtUv)aneKykmkeRbIedayGnuelamtamRkitüRkménPasaExµr tamry³ karcmøgsUr ¬translitera-
tion¦/ karkat;sB½Þ/ nig xI©esckIþERb ¬loan translation¦.
kñúgPasaExµr BaküEdlx©IBIPasa)araMg maneRbIR)as;PaKeRcInkñúgvis½ybec©keTs dUcCa ³
EsVl ¬svelte¦/ esþer:GU ¬steréo¦/ Emün{mFüm}¬moyen¦/ kaer ¬carré¦/ )as ¬base¦/ GubTik
¬optique¦/ GUra:l; ¬oral¦/ tUtal; ¬total¦/ karI¬cari, cury¦/sIuvil¬civil¦>>>.
BaküxøHkñúgcMeNamBaküTaMgenH minmaneXIjeRbIenAkñúgvcnanuRkmeT.

-16-
2- bktiKuNnamRbPBExµr
bktiKuNnam EdlecjBIRbPBExµrEckCaBaküEdlmanedImkMeNItCabktiKuNnam Bakü
kmøay Baküsmas BakürNMþbrivars½BÞ nig eTVnIykmµ.
ebItamkarsegát eXIjfa bktiKuNnamkMeNItExµrsuT§ PaKeRcInCaBakümYyBüagÁ BIrBüagÁ
¬BaküeTalBIrBüagÁ nig BaküpSMBIrBüagÁ b¤ eRcInBüagÁ¦ nig Bakü¬rNþM¦brivars½BÞ .
2>1- bktiKuNnamCaBakümYyBüagÁ
g ¬EdlmanrMBt;xagKl; b¤ xagcugegIyeLIgesIÞteLIg ³ EsñgeKagesIÞt/TUkg>>¦
FM ¬TIéTBItUc ¦
]TahrN_³ Em:«Ebbya:ghñwg kMurMBwgfaKuNFM KuNtUc bu:ndIduM>>>¬c,ab;eKarBmatabita TMB½r19¦.
K ¬tsMdI mnusSK/ Ga EdlmanKURskrEtminmankUn ¦
rwg ¬TIéTBITn; KWEdlRkTaMg/ minRTuD/ minpt/ minBab;/ mineBoc .l. ³ dIrwg> ¦
Tn; ¬TIéTBIrwg KWEdlbt;Ebn)an/ Bt;/ Rc)ac;Rcbl;)an/ minEbkmin)ak; ¦
cas; ¬TIéTBIekµg b¤ TIéTBIfµI/ BIx©I ³ mnusScas;¦
]TahrN_ ³ KUlIfIµcUl KUlIcas;ecj ¬KUlIkMEnn TMB½r 30¦.
s¶at; ¬Edls¶b;tmansUrsBÞ ¦
]TahrN_ ³ enAkñúgsni§yas¶at;enH >>>¬páaRseBan TMB½r 105¦.
s ¬Edlmansm,úrdUcsMLIkb,as¦
]TahrN_³ dMuBBks² dUckb,asrsat;bnþKña>>>¬páaRseBan TMB½r105¦.
s¥úy ¬EdlmankiønGaesac_³ kiøns¥úy ¦
eq¥H ¬EdlmankiønRkBulexµaH esIÞrq¥abesIÞrs¥úy ³ kiøneq¥H ¦
s¥a ¬EdlecjsUrs½BÞrnKRKatminrlIg ³ sMeLgs¥a ¦
føa ¬EdlRCHRsLHtmniÞl ³ Twkføa¦
]TahrN_³ kUnswÞgtUcmYy EdlmanTwkføahVg;hUrmkbgiVlrhat;>>>¬páaRseBan TMB½r 92¦.
x<s; ¬EdlmanCMhrbBaÄrEvgeRcIneLIgelI/ RbesIr ¦
]TahrN_³ rkRsImaryaTx<s; ecHex<ImBaküeQøaH>>>¬c,ab;Rkmgu:y TMB½r 36¦.

-17-
evoc ¬TIéTBIRtg; KWEdlmanrMBt;/ manrbt;/ ekag/ rmYl ³ eQIevoc/pøÚvevoc¦
hwr ¬EdlmanrspSaekþAqYl ³ rshwr/smøhwr¦
ct; ¬EdlmanrsCatiRbhatesIÞrPøavesIÞrlIVg si¥tCab;GNþat ¦
Rkas; ¬EdlmankRmas;/ TIéTBIesþIg¦
]TahrN_³ eNðIyeFIVemþckmµRkas;rbs;xøÜn>>>¬páaRseBan{RksYg}TMB½r 74¦.
eBA ¬EdlCab¥ÚneKbMput b¤ eRkayeKbMput ³ kUneBA ¦
eqA ¬EdlminTan;qi¥n ¦
]TahrN_ ³ sniþPaBtUküÚ CaKMrUGyutþiFm’ya:gRkas;²eqA² ¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 140¦ .
bktiKuNnam CaBakümYyBüagÁ kñúgsRmg;xagelI eRcInmanTRmg;Ca ³
¼Bs¼ ³ K/ g/ s/ j/ Ga/ eBA/ eqA
¼BsB¼ ³ rwg/ cas;/ Tn;/ hwr
¼BBs¼ ³ føa/ exµA/ s¥a
¼BBsB¼ ³ s¶at;/ s¥at/ l¥k;/ Rtg;/ Rkas;
2>2- bktiKuNnamCaBaküeTalBhuBüagÁ
TnwÞmnwgbktiKuNnammYyBüagÁxagelI eyIgeXIjmanbktiKuNnamepSgeTotdUcCa ³
GaRkk; ¬Edlminl¥/ BMuRbesIr ¦
]TahrN_³ elak«BukminEmncitþGaRkk;dl;emø:aHeT >>>¬kulabéb:lin/TMB½r 92¦.
BIeraH ¬EdlRsYlsþab;/ q¶aj;Rtecok ¦
]TahrN_³ kMueqµIgGagbuNü RsdI[Tn; eBalBaküBieraH>>> ¬c,ab;Rkmg:uy TMB½r 9¦.
Rkhm ¬EdlmanBN’dUcQam b¤ dUcCatihigÁúl ¦
]TahrN_³ b‘un-eFOn>>>eXIjéRBRkhmEr:²enAcMBIxagekIt ¬páaRseBan/ TMB½r 131¦.
cé®g ¬Edlbg¥ab;RsIsYsIþ/ EdlbNþal[manTukç ¦
]TahrN_³ sUhV½rcéRgbrrfGIya:gGIecH ¬kulabéb:lin/ TMB½r 51¦.
RBehIn ¬EdlRceLagxam/ RceLIsebIs ¦
]TahrN_³vaCaekµgRBehInminecHKYrsmeT XunBinitüva[EmnETncuH¡¬kulabéb:lin TM>56¦.

-18-
sMEb:t ¬EdlmaneTalesIþgsM)a:t ¦
]TahrN_³RtITaMg 16 eKeFIV[manrUbsNæanmUlsMEb:t>>>¬El,gRbCaRbiyExµr TMB½r 87¦.
sahav ¬kac/ kacemaHmuttjejIt ¦
]TahrN_³ >>>manstVsahavmkebotebonk¾minKab; ¬páaRseBan{RksYg} TMB½r 76¦.
tamry³ karelIkeLIgenH bktiKuNnamBhuBüagÁPaKeRcIn manEtBaküBIrBüagÁ mantic-
tYceT EdlmanBüagÁelIsBIBIr.
2>3- bktiKuNnamekIteLIgBIkmøayBakü
bktiKuNnammYycMnYneTot ekItecjBIkarkmøayBaküecjBIBaküb£s edaykareRbIpñt;13
¬affixes¦ epSg² . bBaðapñt;enH elaksaRsþacarübNiÐt enA s‘un )anbgðajcMNucmYyénPasaExµr
eTAnwgPasaminEmnGIusULg;fa {kñúgkarbegIátBaküeKykpñt; eTApSMCamYyb¤sBakü ¬Racins du
mot¦}14
. karbegIátBaküedayeRbIpñt; BMuEmneTIbEtmannaeBlfIµ²enHeT viFIenHmankMeNIttaMgBI
yUryarmkehIy elaksaRsþacarübNiÐt Lúg esom bBaa¢k;fa {lkçN³smÁal;mYy d¾sMxan;mYyén
PasaExµrburaN KWviFIpñt;nIykmµ. viFIenHRtUv)aneKeRbIedIm,IbegIátBakü edIm,IbERmbRmYlBakü nig
edIm,IbegáItsßannamRBmTaMgnrnam}15
. elaksa®sþacarübNiÐt RBM m:l; )an[niymn½ymUlbT
¬pñt;¦fa{mUlbTCakemÞcBaküEdlmann½ynwgnrrUbsa®sþnwgnr¬elIkElgEtmankarsRmbsUrkñúg
13
-enAminTan;mancMnucÉkPaBKñaenAeLIyeTcMeBaHkarehA affixes. xøHfa bTP¢ab;/]bsKÁ/pñt;b¤mUlbT.
elak G‘uuy CYn ¬evyüakrN_Biess/ TMB½r 255¦fa {buBVbTenH k¾KW]bs½KÁenaHÉg/ b:uEnþs½BÞenH erogenAxag
edImbTdéT)anCa elakehAfa buBVbT enHÉg}. GñkniBn§rUbenHdUcCaEckmindac;elIBakübuBVbTGBÖas nig
]bsKÁ. elaksaRsþacarü bNiÐt RBM m:l; ¬lT§PaBbegIátBakü nig karbegIátBakükñúgPasaExµr}/ enAkñúg
TsSnavdþIviTüasßanPasaCati énraCbNiÐtsPakm<úCa/ elx2/ 2001 TMB½r 68¦ )an ehA affixes fa mUlbT
nig)an[karkt;sMKal;fa mUlbT¬affixes¦= buBVbT¬préfixes¦÷ GnþrbT ¬infixes¦ ÷ bcäimbT¬suffixes¦ .
eTaHCamankarehAedayELkBIKñanUv affixes enHkIþ eyIgkMNt;ehA affixes fa {pñt; } ehIypñt;enHEckCa
pñt;edIm{prefixes} nigpñt;ECk{infixes}.14
-enAs‘un/{PasaExµrkñúgcMeNamPasaGIusULg;nigPasaminEmnGIusULg;/}enAkñúgexmrviTüa1996TMB½r739.15
-Lúg som/karRsavRCavTak;TgnwgkMNkMeNItvaküs½BÞtambeRmIbRmas;pñt;nIykmµenAkñúgPasaExµrburaN/
TsSnavdIþviTüasßanPasaCatiénraCbNiÐtsPakm<úCa/elx 3PMñeBj/2002TMB½r 89 .

-19-
vis½ysUrviTüa¦EdleKeRbIsRmab;dak;BImuxkNþalb¤ BIeRkayBaküb¤sedIm,IbegIátBakükmøay}16
.
viFIbegIátBaküedayeRbIpñt;mYycMnYn CYnkal GacnaMeTAdl;karpøas;bþÚrfñak;Bakü nigxøHeTot
min)aneFIV[Baküb¤sERbRbYlRbePTBaküeT.
2>3>1- bktiKuNnamekItedayeRbIpñt;edIm
¬1¦- pñt; ¼k-¼nig klarUbs½BÞrbs;va pSMnwgBakübJs
em:A ÷ [k-] > exµA ¬EdlmanBN’ggwt b¤BN’ya:gFüÚg ¦
]TahrN_³ em:øHsmnagmanmuxmUleBj EPñkexµAføayg; >>>¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 5¦.
mUr ÷ [k-] > xµÚr ¬rYjRkjg;dUceKmUr ¦
]TahrN_³ RBH)aThUlU>>>[eBCXatbþÚrdavxµÚrmuxenaHecj ¬RbCMuerOgeRBgExµr/PaK6 TMB½r60¦.
vg; ÷ [k-] > xVg; ¬BaküsRmab;ceRmInBakümUl[EbøkeLIg¦
Cab; ÷ [k-] > x¢ab; ¬fitefr/ maMmYn/ Cab;lab; ¦
CaM ÷ [k-] > x¢aM ¬mins¥atedaymansRmam ¦
eRkaH ÷ [k-] > keRkaH ¬trsCati ¦
eRKIm ÷ [k-] > KeRKIm ¬EdlenAeRKImminlµitlµ ¦
cas; ÷ [k;j-] > kBa©as;¬Edlcas; ¦
]TahrN_³ hugQI enHkMBugedIrrkTijsMBt;)atpSarkBa©as;²>>>¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 100¦.
qt ÷ [k;j-] > kBaät ¬Edlxat/ qkminFmµta ¦
CY ÷ [k;j-] > kBa¢Ü ¬CYtmanKYrsm ¦
puy ÷ [kM-] > kMpuy ¬EdlpuyxøaMg ¦
]TahrN_³ TaneR)asebIsMBt;kMpuydEdleT ´Rb)aTm©as;>>>¬maladYgcitþ/ TB½r 105¦.
eBoc ÷ [kM-] > kMeBoc ¬EdleBoc/ Edlptsac;minesµIKña ¦
e)a:g ÷ [kM-] > kMe)a:g ¬Edle)a:geLIg/ Edle)a:geTAxagmux ¦
]TahrN_³ caghVagviTüal½y >>>eBaHkMe)a:gbu:nBagTwk¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 78¦.
16
-RBMum:l;/kñúgemeron PasaviTüaGnuvtþn_/ beRgonéf¶TI29 viciäka 2002enAraCbNiÐtsPakm<úCa.

-20-
rwl ÷ [KM- // kM-] > KMrwl ¬Edlrwl ¦
Fat; ÷ [k;n-] > kn§at; ¬EdlFat; ¦
RTm ÷ [k;n-] > k®nÞm ¬EdlERTmRTm/ EdlxøaceKehIyeFIVGakar³ERTmRTm ¦
eyIgsegáteXIjfa KuNnamTaMgenHekItBIkarpSMrvagBaküb¤s CaKuNnamRsab; kiriyas½BÞ
b¤ Canam pSMnwgpñt;¼k-¼. pñt;enHkalNacUlpSMnwgfñak;BaküNamYy [køayCabktiKuNnam ²
enaH eRcInmann½ykan;Etc,as;/ eRCA b¤ F¶n;. dUcCa eKacas;eKaEdlmanv½ycas;tamFmµta b:uEnþ ebI
eKdak;klarUbs½BÞ{allomorphe}rbs; ¼k¼ manTRmg; [k;j-] eTApSMnwgKuNnam cas; eyIg)an eKa
kBa©as; KWeKaEdlcas;EmnETn. dUckñúgl,Hfa {´enAEt GasIubkBa©as;dEdl }¬ erOgswumGñkbrLan
TMB½r 101¦CaedIm. tYnaTIrbs;pñt; ¼k¼ enAkñúgkarbegIát KuNnamenH elak hSk ma:es<rU: manTsSn³
dUcKñaEdrfa {BüBa¢n³bMBg;k k begIátKuNnam nig participle}17
. eKeRcIneRbIbktiKuNnam Edl
ekItBIpñt;kmøay ¼k¼CamYynwg Ga/mI b¤ em.
]TahrN_³ RKan;ebIl¥ ¡ eXIjeT GakBa©as;sVay ehtuGIVk¾tabiuÉg>>>¬KUlIkMEnn/ TMB½r 14¦.
eRkABIKuNnamdUcEdlbgðajxagelI eyIgeXIjmanKuNnammYycMnYneTot EdlekItBI
TRmg; dUcenH ³
Bul ÷ [Rk-] > RkBul ¬EdlmankiønesIÞrxar/ esIÞrexµaHq¥ab ¦
vg; ÷ [Rk-] > kvg; ¬mUlCavg; ¦
eGIt ÷ [Rk-] > RkGWt ¬EdlmanbJkBaEbbeqµIgéqµ ¦
elat ÷ [Rk-] > RkeLat ¬FMelon ¦
]TahrN_³ mnusScMNUlfIµ ragFM EPñkRkeLatEdlmaneQµaHfa>>>¬kulabéb:lin TMB½r 99¦.
maM ÷ [Rk-] > RkmaM ¬EdlFMmankRmas;/ Fat;mankRmas; ¦
Gb; ÷ [Rk-] > RkGUb ¬Edlkiønl¥ b¤ mankøinl¥ ¦
]TahrN_³ køinRbehIrénKYredImRsUv>>>hak;dUcCakøinRkGUbénktiþnamExµr¬RbCuM>Exµr/ TMB½r 29¦.
17
-Georges Maspéro, Grammaire de la langue khmère, op.cit., p.220 “La gutturale k form
l’adjectif ou le participe, )aMg-kM)aMg”

-21-
BinitüCarYm bktiKuNnamCaeRcInekItecjBIesIÞrRKb;fñak;Bakü¬lexical categories¦eday
karpSMCamYynwgklarUbs½BÞ ¼k¼manTRmg; [Rk-]. cMeBaHn½yrbs;bktiKuNnam EdlekItedaypñt;
enH CYnkal minsUvbgðajBIPaBRsYcRsal; b¤ xøaMgdUcklarUbs½BÞrbs;¼k¼nanaeT. dUcCa RkGUb
bgðaj sPaBFmµtaénkiøn .
¬2¦- pñt; ¼c-¼nig klarUbs½BÞrbs;va pSMnwgBakübJs ³
gb; ÷ [c-] > Q¶b; ¬EdlmankiønRkGUbqi¥t ¦
bg ÷ [c-] > c,g ¬EdlCabgbg¥s;/ EdlCaedImbg¥s; ¦
]TahrN_³ eKcg;dNwþgkUnÉgCaKU nwgkUnc,geK>>>¬páaRseBan/ TMB½r 43¦.
Kg ÷ [c-] > qÁg ¬EdlKg/ mism ¦
]TahrN_³ bgkan;kiriyaqÁgminKb,IcMeBaHsuc©citþrbs;GUn ¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 169¦.
Nas; ÷ [c-] > qñas ¬EdléhrkerOgeQøaHRbEkk ¦
eRKag ÷ [c;g-] > ce®gÁag ¬Edlx<s;ecageNag ¦
eBIb ÷ [c;m-] > cMeBIb ¬EdleTIbEtnwgman ¦
rYj ÷ [c-] >RCYj ¬rYjedaypñt; ¦
GUs ÷ [ Rc-] > RcGUs ¬xi¢l yWt cMeGok ¦
eyIgsegáteXIjfa bktiKuNnam EdlekItBIpñt; ¼c¼ enHminsUvsMbUreT.
¬3¦- pñt; ¼t-¼nigklarUbs½BÞ pSMCamYyBakübJs
ekIg ÷ [t-] > efIág ¬x<g;x<s;/ ]tþúgÁ/ RbeTsefIág ¦
él ¬x<s;eRsag¦ ÷ [t-] > éfø ¬Edlmantémø ¦
]TahrN_³ eXIjpÞHfµFM² rfynþéfø ² ´nwkeXIjdl;karxVl;xVay>>> ¬kMNaBübu)aöexµA TMB½r 3¦.
CH ÷ [Rt-] > RtcH ¬RsLH/ c,as; ¦
mUl ÷ [Rt-] >Rtmul ¬EdlmUlxIø ¦
Evg ÷ [RT-] > RTEvg ¬EdlmanragEvg ¦
]TahrN_³ TIenaHmanEtKMnrfµ)ayeRkombYnRCugRTEvg²>>>¬RbCMuerOgeRBgExµr 6/ TMB½r 15¦.

-22-
¬4¦- pñt; ¼ r-¼pSMCamYyBakübJs
Kg ÷ [r-] > rKg ¬EdltUc²mUl²erovcugeroberogKñatqÁg ¦
egak ÷ [r-] > regak ¬EdlemIleTAeXIjeRcIneRtob ¦
dub ÷ [r-] > rdub ¬EdlrkUtEttUcxøI manGakarhak;dUceKdak;bnþúb ¦
lug ÷ [r-] > rlug ¬Edlminceg¥ót¦
lUn ÷ [r-] > rlUn ¬RtsUl² b¤ rTg²/ rKg² hak;dUcCaesIÞrnwglUn)an ¦
¬5¦- pñt; ¼s¼ nigklarUbs½BÞ pSMCamYyBakübJs
Km ÷ [s-] > sÁm ¬EdlcuHsac;/ ticsac;; ¦
]TahrN_³ mnusSsÁmk¾eKminsMKal;faCamnusSexSayEdr ¬kulabéb:lin/ TMB½r 27¦.
rs; ÷ [s-] > Rss; ¬EdlenAesImminTan;s¶Üt/ minTan;eRkom ¦
]TahrN_³ Kat;enAesøókexonBN’Rss;²>>>¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 18¦.
dYc ÷ [s-] > sþÜc ¬erovtUcmanfñak; manKnøak; manlMdab; ¦
]TahrN_³ enAxag>>>manrUbmnusSsþÜcx<s;Bak;muxRbemaydMrI ¬RKUbeRgonRsukERs TMB½r 20¦.
Tk; ÷ [s-] > sÞk; ¬EdleLIgsac;es<atb¤sÞIksÁúy ¦
mUr ÷ [s-] > sµÚr ¬kMNaj;rwtt,itteGonxµas ¦
lUt ÷ [s-] > søÚt ¬Edlminkac/ tkac ¦
]TahrN_³ eTaHEm:«søÚtkac KYrEtxøacdUcmhakSRt ¬c,ab;Rkmg:uy TMB½r 67¦
ray ÷ [s-] > Rsay ¬EdlminEmnCaxøwmb¤Edltxøwm ¦
eLak ÷ [s-] > esøak ¬siVtCaMedaycMhayekþA ¦
bktiKuNnam EdlekItBIkarkmøayedayeRbIpñt; ¼s¼ eRcInsmÁal;lkçN³Fmµta nig
CYnkal bgðajn½yRsal b¤ minsUvdac;xat . PaKeRcInekItBIklarUbs½BÞ [Rs-] ³ Tn; > RsTn;/
Gab; >RsGab;/ lH > RsLH. ]TahrN_ ³ kñúgTINamYyEdlCaTIvalRsLH ¬El,gRbCaRbiyExµr
TMB½r 18¦. Ém >RsEGm/ TMu > RsTM/ Bab; > RsBab;. bktiKuNnamekItBIpñt; ¼s¼ mancMnYneRcIn
bgÁÜrEdr.

-23-
¬6¦- pñt; ¼ b: ¼ nigklarUbs½BÞ pSMCamYyBakübJs
pñt;enHtamkarsikSaknøgmk eKrkeXIjfa Capñt;EdleRbIsRmab;begIátkiriyas½BÞehtu18
.
ehIypñt;EbbenH k¾CameFüa)aysRmab;begIátbktiKuNnamEdr.
BinitüelIbktiKuNnamkøayTaMgenH ³
Ém ÷ [b-] > Ep¥m ¬Edlmanrssár/ EdlmanrsdUcsárb¤dUcTwkXµúM ¦
]TahrN_³ kBaØanagEbrP®½kþmkrk>>>ehIytbedaysMdITn;Ep¥m>>>¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 25¦.
put ÷ [bM-] > bMput ¬EdlputBIeK/ bg¥s; ¦
tictYc ÷[b;n-] > bniþcbnþÜc ¬EdltictYc/ ya:gtictYc ¦
]TahrN_³ kñúgEBenaHmandak;>>>)ayTwk/GgárbniþcbnþÜc>>>¬RbvtiþGñktakñúgRbeTsExµr/ TM> 202¦.
GY ÷ [p-] > p¥Ür ¬EdlxUcrsCatiRbRktI/ eRBaHGab;GYr ³ Ggárp¥Ür¦
epH ÷ [Rb-] > RbepH ¬Edlmansm,úrdUcepH ¦
]TahrN_³ enAkñúgxÞmmanbdimamYyeFIVBIfµexµARbEpH ¬páaRseBan/ TMB½r 133¦.
ehIr ÷ [Rb-] > RbehIr ¬Q¶úyes,Iy ¦
]TahrN_ ³ kiønRbehIrénKYredImRsUv>>>¬RbCMuerOgeRBgExµr PaK 6/ TMB½r 29¦.
pwk ÷ [Rb-] > Rbmwk ¬Edlejónb¤Cab;sura ¦
]TahrN_³ eKeXIjmnusSRbmwk bYn R)aMnak; kan;sÁr>>>¬páaRseBan{RksYg}TMB½r 37¦.
2>3>2- bktiKuNnamekItedayeRbIpñt;ECk
¬1¦- pñt;ECk ¼-G;m-¼nig klarUbs½BÞrbs;va pSMnwgBakübJs
q¥wg ÷ [-G;m-] > cm¥wg ¬EdleRcInEtqw¥g ¦
kac ÷[-G;m n-] > kMNac ¬kac ¦
]TahrN_ ³ éf¶mYy manykSkMNac )ancUleTAratt,at ¬RbCMuerOgeRBgExµrPaK 6 TMB½r102¦.
sáÚv ÷ [-G;m-] > smáÚv ¬EdlsáÚv ¦
18
-Y. A. Gorgoniyev, The Khmer Language, op.cit., p. 93 “The transitive causative voice is
formed by means of the prefixes p-/ bŋ- and the infix -m-”.

-24-
Cit ÷ [-G‘m; n-] > CMnit ¬EdlCitdit ¦
]TahrN_ ³ Kat;)anbgðat;b:UlIsextþCMnitmñak;[ecHbrfynþ ¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 90¦.
Xøg; ÷ [-G‘m;-] > Kmøg; ¬EdlekItXøg; ¦
]TahrN_³ mkTl;muxvtþRbelamebotrUbesþcKMlg; taEg:bBaÄb;reTH>>>¬KUlIkMEnn TMB½r24¦.
cab; ÷ [-G;m n-] > cMNab; ¬eqIt ¦
]TahrN_³ yl;GjmanP½BV )anbIþcMNab;cas;ecarkMRBk eFIVxøÜnCaecH>>>¬BuT§iEsn/ TM>118¦.
xSt; ÷ [-G;m-] > kMst; ¬EdlxSt;Gt;XøanrYmsuxTukçCamYyKña ¦
]TahrN_³ dMbUgehAburskMst;mñak; mkniyayfa ³>>>¬RbCMuerOgeRBgExµrPaK 6 TMB½r 53¦.
s<wk ÷ [-G;m-] > smw<k ¬Edlsw<k/ yWt/ RcGUs ¦
eTIb ÷ [-G‘m; n-] > TMenIb ¬EdleTIbekIt / eTIbmantamCan;tamsm½y ¦
]TahrN_³ nagviFavIBak;GavTMenIbfIµBN’kulabxI© ¬páaRseBan{RksYg}TMB½r 24¦.
s¥b; ÷ [-G;m-] > sm¥b;/ sMGb; ¬EdlCaTIs¥b;/ kUnsm¥b;¦
]TahrN_³ RbsinebI>>>pþac;nagBIeQµaHéNs‘tsMGb;ecj >>>¬páaRseBan{RksYg}TMB½r 74¦.
¬2¦- pñt;ECk ¼-G;g-¼ nig klarUbs½BÞrbs;va pSMnwgBakübJs
EsVg ÷ [-G;g-] > sEgVg ¬EdlGEgVg/ Edlq¶ayéRkeBk ¦
siVt ÷ [-G;g-] > sgiVt ¬EdlsiVt ¦
¬3¦- pñt;ECk ¼-m-¼pSMCamYyBakübJs
lYc ÷ [-m-] > lµÜc ¬EdlrksIuedayGMeBIlYc ¦
ecIg ÷ [-m-] > eqµIg ¬Edlkan;xøÜn ¦ CYnkaleKeRbICamYy éqµ > eqIµgéqµ
]TahrN_³ dYgEPñkRbkbedayTwkdm >>>EtmanbJkBaeqµIgéqµbniþc ¬kulabéb:lin/ TMB½r 25¦.
saj ÷ [-m-] > sµaj ¬EdlrwgRbTak;cak;ERsHsJaj ¦
¬4¦- pñt;ECk ¼-r-¼
eBA ÷ [-r-] > eRBA ¬Edlcas;RkmuMenAtbIþ ¦
esckIþsniñdæan ³ CarYmbktiKuNnam EdlekItBIviFIkmøayBakü edaykareRbIpñt;epSg²mancMnYn
eRcIn. kñúgenaH eXIjmanpñt;mYycMnYn Edltamry³sñaédmun² eKsikSaeXIjfa mannaTIbegIát

-25-
fñak;Bakünana eRkABIbktiKuNnam k¾enATIenHdUcCamanmuxgarya:gskmµkñúgkarbegIátbktiKuNnam
Edr. dUcCapñt; ECk19
¼-m-¼ begIátnamPñak;gar nig ¼-G;m-¼manmuxgarbegIátBakükmøayCanam
b¤ kiriyas½BÞ bu:Enþ tamkarsikSarYcmkehIyxagelI pñt;TaMgenHk¾mannaTIbegIátbktiKuNnamEdr.
2>4- bktiKuNnamekItBIviFIsmas (Compound adjectives)
enAkñúgbBaðaBaküsmas elak hÁ½rehÁajIv manTsSn³fa { viFIsmasminEmnCabBaðafIµeT
enAkñúgviFIkmøayBaküExµr. BaküEdl)anmkBIviFIenH manenAkñúgPasaenHyUryarmkehIy}20
.
mankarehAEbøk²Kña nUvBakübec©keTs “Baküsmas” nig manTsSn³xusKñaxøHEdr elI
BaküenH. elak esx nag manTsSn³fa {bTsmas manmUledImpSMmkGMBInamsBÞ EdlseRmc
edayviPtþieRscehIy>>>[cUlKñaCabTmYy¬>>>¦]TahrN_³ FmµvaTI/kmµkaera>>>}21
.
elak F.C. Stork fa {BaküpSMRtUv)anbegIátedayBakübJsBIreRbIrYmKña edIm,IbegIátÉkta
mann½ymYyeTot}22
. cMENkGñkniBn§ Robert E. Shafer fa {RkumBakü EdlGtßn½yrbs;va Ebøk
GMBIn½yrbs;BakücUlpSMnImYy² eKehAfa BakükRmg . dUcCa hot dog kñúg I ate a hot dog. b¤
give up kñúg The criminal gave up to the police {23
. elakbEnßmfa BaküTaMgenHminGac
bMEbk [mann½yedayELkdUc give nigup enaHeT CYnkal bnSMenHGacbþÚrfñak;BaküeTotpg.
enAkñúgemeronsm<½n§viTüa elaksa®sþacarübNÐit enA su‘n )anEckkenSamBaküCaBIrKW
kenSamBakürwg nigkenSamBaküesrI. kenSamBakürwg tamlkçN³rbs;Bakü KWdUcKñaeTAnwgBakü
smas eRbIedaysaRsþacarü bNiÐt RBM m:l; ² )ansresrfa {kñúgBaküsmas smasPaB nImYy²
19
-Y.A. Gorgoniyev, The Khmer Language, op.cit., p. 49 “…The insertion of the form –m- (-um-)
give either nouns or verbs. ”, p. 50 “ The infix -m- is used to derive nouns denoting the agent of
action from verb.”
20
-ibit., p. 50.
21
-esx nag Rbsñakc©aynUbtßmÖk³¬sMnYrnigcemøIy¦1966TMB½r4 .
22
- F.C.Stork and J.D.Widdowson, Learning about linguistics, Hutchinson, London, 1974. p.80
“A compound word is made up of two free morphemes used together to form a single lexical unit.”
23
-Robert E. Shafer, Success in Reading, California State Department of Education 1969, p.14
“A word cluster is a group of words whose meaning is different from the combined meaning of its
seperate words”.

-26-
)anrMlaycUlKñaeTAehIy ebIBuMenaHesat kenSamBaküminEmnCaBaküsmaseT KWkenSamesrI ¬>>>¦
eKminGacfa Rkcas;bI kñúgn½yfa RkbIcas; dUecñHEdr}24
. kñúgkarbegIátBaküsmas saRsþacarü
bNÐit enA s‘un k¾)an[nUvlkçN³BiessmYyénkarbegIátBakükñúgPasaExµr tamviFIenHfa {eKbegIát
BaküedayRKan;EtykBaküb£s ¬Mots Racines¦ eTAdak;pSMnwgBaküb£s d¾éTeTot }25
.
tamtRmayxagelIenH KuNnamsmaskñúgPasaExµr minmanGIVEbøkBIBaküsmasenaHeLIy
KWeKykBakübJsmYyeTAdak;CitBakübJsmYyeTot ehIybegIát)anCan½ymYyfIµ. bktiKuNnam
smas kñúgsarNaenH rab;bBa©ÚlTaMgbktiKuNnam EdlekIteLIgBIbrivas½BÞpgEdr.
BinitükenSamBaküTaMgenH ³
xøaMgkøa < xøaMg {EdlmankmøaMgeRcIn}÷ køa {sb,aykñúgxøÜn/ Gg;Gac}
]TahrN_³ bursRsIþEdlmanGaevKxøaMgkøa>>>¬CIvitRKb;lkçN_/ TMB½r 27¦.
efakTab < efak {Edlmantémøtic } ÷ Tab { TIéTBIx<s;KWtickm<s;}
]TahrN_³ >>>mnusSmancriyaefakTab>>>¬CIvitRKb;lkçN_/ TMB½r 27¦.
CUrp¥Úm < CUr ÷ p¥Úm
]TahrN_ ³ eKminbriePaK>>>GaharEdlmanCatiCUrp¥Úm ¬ CIvitRKb;lkçN_/ TMB½r 53¦.
sÁmsÁaMg < sÁm ÷ sÁaMg
]TahrN_³ bursCramñak; manragkaysÁmsÁaMg>>> ¬kulabéb:lin/ TMB½r 2¦.
cecsrwgrUs < cecs ÷ rwg ÷ rUs
]TahrN_ ³ kalNaeTIbbgÉgecalnisS½ycecsrwgrUsecj ¬kulabéb:lin/ TMB½r 94¦.
føaxüg < føa ÷ xüg
]TahrN_³ enAkñúgTwkføaxüg/ kukcuHrksIusRBatTaMghVÚg² ¬páaRseBan/ TMB½r 2¦.
FMduM < FM ÷ dMu
]TahrN_³ KµanGIVFMduMeT¡ Em:cg;niyaynwgÉgbniþc ¬páaRseBan/ TMB½r 19¦.
RsBicRsBil < RsBic ÷ RsBil
24
-RBM m:l;/ {lkçN³vinicä½y rUbniym } enAkñúg ³ TsSnavdþI viTüasßanPasaCati énraCbNiÐtsPakm<úCa/ elx
03/]sPa 2002/TMB½r45.
25
-enA s‘un/{PasaExµrkñúgcMeNamPasa>>>} d>É>m> TMB½r740.

-27-
]TahrN_³ rUbRsBicRsBilenH)anbeNþay[maNBeyIgP½nþsµartI>>>¬maladYgcitþ/TM> 12¦.
revIrvay < revI ÷ rvay
]TahrN_³ kalBIknøHema:gmuneKCamnusSrevIrvay ¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 13¦.
Rkas;ERkl < Rkas; ÷ ERkl
]TahrN_³ GñkesAr½bük¾)anTTYl>>>mrtkya:gRkas;ERkl¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 17¦.
Tn;Pøn; < Tn; ÷ Pøn;
]TahrN_³ narImankiriyaTn;Pøn;manKuNPaBRsYyesIþg >>>¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 21¦.
efµagfµI< efµag ÷ fµI
]TahrN_³ mitþefµagfµIbriePaKbeNIþr niyaysMeNHsMNalbeNIþr ¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 31¦.
Can;x<s; < Can; ÷ x<s;
]TahrN_³ mRnIþCan;x<s;enH CamnusSGayuEssib)øay >>>¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 88¦.
r)ayGacm_xøa < r)ay ÷ Gacm_ ÷ xøa
]TahrN_³ >>>sk;kat;xøIBN’r)ayGacm_xøa ¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 88¦ .
cugkat;mat;jk < cug ÷ kat; ÷ mat; ÷ jk
]TahrN_³ eKpøas;Kat;eTAcugkat;mat;jk>>>¬RKUbeRgonRsukERs/ TMB½r 23¦.
elI¶Bkf¶as < elI¶ ÷ Bk ÷ f¶as
]TahrN_³ vafakuM[´elI¶Bkf¶askan;k,Ünb:UlIs>>> ¬RKUbeRgonRsukERs/TMB½r 9¦.
Rtecoks < Rtecok ÷ s
]TahrN_³ >>>GñkPUmieyIgminfaeyIgRtecokseTAehIy¬RKUbeRgonRsukERs/TMB½r 14¦.
eyagtam]TahrN_xagelI eXIjfa bktiKuNnamxøHekIteLIgBIkarpSMBakü nigBaküCa
brivars½BÞ ¬xøaMgkøa efakTab CUrp¥Úm ¦/ ekItecjBIsMnYnevahas½BÞ {kenSamBakürwg} ¬Rtecoks el¶I
Bkf¶asr)ayGacm_xøacugkat;mat;jk ¦.
2>4>1- bktiKuNnamsmasekItBI ¬rNþM¦brivars½BÞ
kñúgkarpSMBaküedIm,IbegIátbktiKuNnam eKeXIjmankareRbIviFI¬rNþM¦brivars½BÞ tamry³
karbEnßmFatuCabrivarenaH pSMCamYynwgBaküeBjGgÁmYy b¤CYnkaleKykFatuTaMgBIrEdlmann½y
mineBjelj bUkbBa©ÚlKañk¾man. ]TahrN_³

-28-
RsKt; ÷RsKM > RsKt;RsKM ¬rmüTm/ nwgnYn¦
]TahrN_ ³ nagCayuvtImYyRsKt;RsKM>>>¬páaRseBan/ TMB½r 87¦.
eqIt ¬]tþm ¦÷ qay ¬rUb/ lMG¦ > eqItqay ¬éfføa/ l¥RbéB¦
]TahrN_³ >>>Bak;GaveRkaHeRkay k,ac;k,ÚreqItqay dak;daMkBa©k;¬mrNmata/ TMB½r 107¦.
RCIv ¬RCYjRKCIv¦ ÷ eRCak ¬Edlelðas²/ minENn¦> RCIveRCak ¬EdlRCYjrehak²¦/
]TahrN_ ³ RBHsgÇrUbenH mansac;RCIveRCak>>>¬páaRseBan/ TMB½r 114¦.
RsBic ÷ RsBil¬EdleXIjRBil²¦ > RsBicRsBil ¬EdlminR)akdRbCa/ minCak;lak; ¦
]TahrN_³ rUbRsBicRsBilenH )anbeNþay[maNBeyIgP½nþsµartI>>>¬maladYgcitþTMB½r 12¦.
ccamGaram ¬EdlelcB¤edayniyayt²KñaBImYyeTAmYyrkcugedImmineXIj ¦
]TahrN_³ ÉcMEnkBaküccamGaramrkcab;cgk¾)an)at;s¶at; ¬RKUbeRgonRsukERs/ TMB½r 37¦.
eRkom ¬s¶ÜtRsaMg¦÷ eRkaH ¬s¶Ütrwg¦ > eRkomeRkaH ¬s¶Ütrwg/ eRkomRkTaMg ¦
]TahrN_³ mðÚbeRkomeRkaHmankUnRtIRblak; kþaméRb ¬erOgswumGñkbrLan TMB½r 84¦.
s¥at ¬EdltmnÞil¦÷ )at¬EpñkxageRkaménCeRmA¦ > s¥at)at ¬s¥atsBVGenIø ¦
]TahrN_³ ÉecAéNs‘t>>>CaekµgkMelaHmanrUbrags¥at)at>>>¬páaRseBan{RksYg}/ TMB½r 38¦.
s¥at ÷ s¥M ¬Kµann½y¦ > s¥ats¥M ¬s¥atsmrmü/ s¥atminTas;EPñk ¦
]TahrN_³ cm¶aycUlBIpøÚvCati>>>manRkalfµs¥ats¥M>>> ¬RbCMuerOgeRBgExµr/ PaK 6 TMB½r 19¦.
bktiKuNnamxagelI mYycMnYn minsUvmanTRmg;rwmaMeT )ann½ysmaCikkñúgRkumGacbMEbk
)an. eTaHCaya:genHk¾eday eyIgeXIjfa smasFatucUlpSMnImYy² suT§EtmantYnaTIrbs;xøÜn xag
karbegIánn½y niglkçN³rNþM dUcCa s¥atsM¥/ eRkomeRkaH. xøHeTot pþl;PaBrNþMpg nigsEmþgn½y
Biesspg dUcCa s¥atCabktiKuNnam )atCanam bnSMenHkøayeTACabktiKuNnammYy. dUcKñaenH
eqItCabktiKuNnam rIÉ qayCanam bnSMenH k¾køayeTACabktiKuNnam EdlmanlkçN³rNþM.
2>4>2- bktiKuNnamsmasEbbsMnYnevahas½BÞ
bktiKuNnamxageRkamenH eRcInmanTRmg;rwgmaMCagbktiKuNnamsmas EdlekIteLIgBI
¬rNMþ¦brivars½BÞ. TRmg;bktiKuNnamTaMgenHmanTRmg;Ca ³
¬1¦- nampSMCamYynwgnam

-29-
fÁam ÷ xøa > fÁamxøa ¬EdlmanragdUcfÁamxøa¦> eKeRcIneRbIsmÁal;RTg;;RTayrbs;muxmnusS
cgáa ÷ hIug > cgáahIug
Bg ÷ RkeBI > BgRkeBI ¬EdlmanRTg;RTayRsedognwgBgRkeBI ¦
Bg ÷ k¥úk > Bgk¥úk ¬BaküsRmab;ehAEpøRksaMg/ EpøxiVt>>>EdlenAxI©>>>¦
Bg ÷ bgÁÜy > BgbgÁÜy ¬EdlenARcub²minTan;gMl¥ KWesIÞreqAesIÞrqi¥n ¦
)at ÷ pSar > )atpSar ¬EdlGn;bMput¦
]TahrN_³ hugQI enHkMBugedIrrkTijsMBt;)atpSarkBa©as;²>>>¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 100¦.
¬2¦- nampSMCamYy nwgkiriyas½BÞ
eRcH ÷ cab; > eRcHcab; ¬EdlGn;/ Edlcas;yUr ³ kemøaHeRcHcab; ¦/
citþ ÷ dac; > citþdac;
søa ÷ TMu > søaTuM ¬EdlmanBN’elOgdUcsøaTuM¦
mux ÷ gab; > muxgab; ¬EdlGab;rasI¦
éd ÷ dl; > éddl; ¬Edlha‘n¦
¬3¦- nampSMCamYy bktiKuNnam
efIøm ÷ FM > efIømFM ¬RBehIn¦
]TahrN_³yIéNs‘tenH cMCaRBehIn/efIømFMEmnehIyhñ+¡ ¬páaRseBan/ TMB½r 106¦ .
eføIm ÷ exµA > eføImexµA ¬EdlmancitþsahavbJsüa¦/
]TahrN_³ RsIcéRg>>>RsIkaMLkiNÑI>>>RsIeføImexµA>>>ya:genHEmnb¤GI?¬maladYgcitþ TMB½r 112¦
citþ ÷ Rsal > citþRsal ¬EdlminsUvmankarBicarNaeRcIn¦
citþ ÷ mut > citþmut ¬EdlGg;Gac¦/
]TahrN_ ³ mhaecarcitþmut RKan;EteRTteTAbniþc ¬kulabéb:lin/ TMB½r 121¦.
Qam ÷ rav > Qamrav ¬ePøItePøIn¦
Rtecok ÷ F¶n; > RtecokF¶n;;
mux ÷ Rkas; > muxRkas;
Twkmat; ÷ éRb > Twkmat;éRb ¬EdlmanGMNac/ EdlmanfIVmat;¦
¬4¦-kiriyas½BÞpSMCamYynam

-30-
)ak; ÷ sac; > )ak;sac;
)ak; ÷ dMLÚg > )ak;dMLÚg ¬Edlmansac;Citnwgs¥úy¦> RtI)ak;dMLÚg.
eLIg ÷ k > eLIgk ¬EdleBjv½y eBjkmøaMg/ ¦
]TahrN_³ eTIbesþcbBa¢a[dwkRkbIeLIgk ya:gFMsMebImmkTukbMrugcaM ¬FnBa¢½y TMB½r 18¦.
ecal ÷ emSót > ecalemSót
Gs; ÷ sac; > Gs;sac; ¬EdlEkElgeLIg/ EdltsarRbeyaCn_¦/
¬5¦- kiriyas½BÞ pSMCamYykiriyas½BÞ
cak; ÷ eRsH > cak;eRsH ¬EdlsµúKsµaj¦
]TahrN_ ³>>>GIIVmYy EdlmansNæankNþajcak;eRsH dUcGMe)aH>>>¬páaRseBan/ TMB½r 16¦.
dac; ÷ dab > dac;dab ¬EdlRkrehmrham ¦/
¬6¦- kiriyas½BÞpSMCamYybktiKuNnam
Can; ÷ x<s; > Can;x<s; ¬Edlmanzan³FM¦/
]TahrN_³bnÞab;mkmanm®nþICan;x<s;mñak;nam KEmþgGj RsIvri®nÞ ¬RbCMuerOgeRBgExµr/6 TM> 49¦
¬7¦- bktiKuNnampSMCamYykiriyas½BÞ
søÚt ÷ bUt > søÚtbUt
twg ÷ Etg > twgEtg
]TahrN_³ briyakastwgEtg)anFUrRsal >>> ¬RKUbeRgonRsukERs/ TMB½r 37¦.
¬8¦- bktiKuNnampSMCamYybktiKuNnam
KYr ¬sm/ Kb,I¦ ÷ sm ¬bu:n¦ > KYrsm ¬lµm¦
]TahrN_³ ´)aT)anniyayedaysMdIKYrsmNas;ehIyTanRbus ¬kulabéb:lin/ TMB½r 53¦
søÚt ÷ Rtg; > søÚtRtg;
]TahrN_³ nagmancitþsøÚtRtg;dwgxusRtUvNas;>>>¬páaRseBan/TMB½r 131¦.
mut ÷ maM > mutmaM ¬R)akdRbCa/ Edlrwgbwug¦
]TahrN_³ bursRBhµmancMeNHmutmaMk¾eLIgCaRKUGacarü ¬RbCMuerOgeRBgExµrPaK6 TMB½r 26¦.
rab ÷ Tab > rabTab ¬trdibrdub/ EdlmanPaBTn;Pøn;¦
efak ÷ Tab > efakTab

-31-
]TahrN_³ ekµgnwgykmaryaTefakTabenaH mkeRbI>>> ¬CIvit®Kb;lkçN_> TMB½r>5¦.
¬9¦- bktiKuNnampSMCamYynam
esIÞr ÷ ePøIg > esIÞrePøIg ¬EdlmankarGb;rMminTan;ditdl;/ EdlminTan;qi¥nl¥ ¦/
føa ÷ xüg > føaxüg
]TahrN_³ enAsgxagRbLayTwkføaxügenH manrukçaltavlø× >>>¬RbCMuerOgeRBgExµr/6/ TMB½r 9¦
esIÞr ÷ kMeNIt >esIÞrkMeNIt ¬EdlxVHsmtßPaB ¦/
minRKb; ÷ Twk > minRKb;Twk ¬eLHeLaH/ Edlerayray ¦/
FM ÷ dMu > FMdMuu
]TahrN_ ³ vaKµankarGIVFMduMeT ¬RKUbeRgonRsukERs/ TMB½r 16¦.
enAkñúgcMeNambktiKuNnamsmas EdlmanlkçN³CasMnYnevahas½BÞxagelI PaKeRcIn
qøgkat;lkçN³rU)armµN_niIykmµ26
.
edaysarlkçN³rU)armµN_nIykmµenHEdr eK)anERbkøaylkçN³FmµCati mkCameFüa)ay
BN’nalkçN³ rs køin CaBiess va)anbegIátbktiKuNnamsmasmYyRkum smÁal;BN’ dUcCa ³
BN’RtYyeck/ BN’Gacm_esH/ BN’Twkmas/ BN’TwkRkUc/ BN’TwkR)ak;/ BN’xwømxñúr/ BN’RBIgTuM/
BN’kNþúrRbemH/ BN’épÞemX>>>.
2>5- bktiKuNnamekItBIkarpøas;bþÚrsUr ¬Phonetic Variations¦
RbPBmYyeTotmankMeNItBI karpøas;bþÚrsMNUr. elak hÁ½rehÁajIv manTsSn³fa {BakübJs
ExµrmYycMnYnekIteLIgedaysarkarpøas;bþÚrsUr>>>}27
. dUcKñaenH elaksa®sþacarü Lúg esom k¾man
TsSn³dUcKñafa {kMNkMeNItBaküExµrmYycMnYnFM )anRbRBwtþeLIgtamkarpøas;bþÚrsMNUr ¬modifica-
tion phonétique¦. ]TahrN_³ tn;-Tn;/ cab;-Cab;/ tic-Tic/ tUc-TUc}28
.
26
-Lúg esom/ bBaðavcns½BÞviTüaExµr/ viTüasßanPasaCati/ 1999 TMB½r 91 {rU)armµN_nIykmµ )anmkBI
kareRbobeFobn½y KWCaEbbEpnmüa:génbMElgn½yKW)anesckIþfa n½yGrUbiyekIteLIgedayQrelImUldæan
n½yrUbiy edayeRbIviFIRbdUcbBaØtitamPaBdMNUcb¤CMnYs}.
27
-Y.A. Gorgoniyev, The Khmer language, op.cit., p. 58 “A considerable number of Khmer roots
are derived by means of phonetic variation (...).”
28
-Lúgesom/ bBaðavcns½BÞviTüaExµr/d>É>m> TMB½r77.

-32-
kñúgcMeNamfñak;Bakü EdlekItecjBI)atuPUtenH eyIgk¾eXIjman bktiKuNnammYYycMnYn
enAkñúgenaHEdr . ]TahrN_ ³
tn;-Tn;
cab;-Cab;
tUc-TUc
dab-Tab
eBoc-evoc
caM-CaM
Tic-tic
eTaHCaya:genHkIþelak hÁ½rehÁajIv cat;TuklkçN³enHfa CadMeNIrmYyminrwgmaM nigminsUv
zitefr. ¬TMB½r 58 ¦
2>6- bktiKuNnamekItecjBIkarRtab;sUr
tamry³sañédrbs;elaksa®sþacarü bNiÐt Lúg esom fa {elak ma:rUsU )an[niymn½y
karRtab;sUrfa CaBaküEdlekIteLIgedayyktRmab; nig karsEmþgsMelgxøH² sRmab;ehAvtßú
b¤skmµPaBepSg²eFIVCabEg¥k}29
. enAkñúglT§plenH eyIgk¾eXIjmanbktiKuNnam mYycMnYnEdr
EdlmanRbPBBIkarRtab;sUr. ]TahrN_ ³
- RKaM {sñÚrGIVmYyFøak;cUleTAkñúgTwk} > RKaMRKa ¬Edlcas;Nas;/ cas;RCul/ ERTmRTm ¦
]TahrN_³ edaysarCMgWRKaMRKakñúgTaruNkmµpg>>>¬RbCMuerOgeRBgExµrPaK 6 TMB½r 61¦.
- tk; {sñÚrdMNk;TwkRsk;} > tk;Rkhl; ¬EdlRbjab;rYsran;eBk ¦
- mWug ¬sUrB¤edayeKaHb¤vayGIV²EdlrwgRsYy¦> mWugmat; ¬EdltwgEtg/ R)akdRbCa¦
- Lúl > Lúl² ¬EdlmansUrk¥úl² b¤RKlrminc,as; eRBaHGNþatFMeBk>>>¦
29
-d-TMB½r 20.

-33-
esckIþsniñdæan
qøgtamkarsikSaelIRbPBbktiKuNnam eyIgGacsrub)anfa fIVebIPasaExµr manv½ycMNas;
EdrehIykIþ k¾cMnYnBaküEdlRtUveRbI enAmancMnYnminTan;RKb;RKan;sRmab;bMeBjtRmUvkareRbIR)as;.
dUecñHehIy eTIbnaM[mankarxI©bEnßmnUvBaküBIPasaeRkA kñúgcMeNamBaküTMagenaH k¾manKuNnampg
Edr. Bakükm©ITaMgenaH minRtUv)anykmkeRbITaMgdul tamrcnasm<½n§ nig TRmg;rbs;PasaedIm
eLIy. BaküTMagenaH RtUv)anécñrcnatamEbbExµresIÞrTaMgRsug. enAkñúgRbPBExµr bgðajfa eRkABI
KuNnamkMeNIt bktiKuNnamPaKeRcInmanRbPBBIviFIbegIátBakünanadUcCa viFIkmøay/ viFIsmas/
rNMþ brivars½BÞ/ karRtab;sUr/ karpøas;bþÚrsUr/ nig sMnYnevahas½BÞ.

-34-
CMBUkTI 1
eKalkarN_sMxan;² énkareRbobeFob
1- segçbTsSn³eTAelIvtþman nig GvtþmanKuNnamkñúgPasaExµr
dUcEdl)anelIkeLIgenAkñúgesckIþepIþménsarNafa manTsSn³ExVgKñasIþBIvtþman nigGvtþ-
manKuNnamkñúgPasaExµr. TaMgTsSn³Edlfa man b¤ KµanKuNnamkñúgPasaExµr PaKeRcInEp¥keTA
elIbktiKuNnamEtbu:eNÑaH. elIsBIenHTsSn³Edlyl;fa KµanKuNnamkñúgPasaExµr cat;Tukfñak;
BaküenHCa kiriyas½BÞCMnYy¬attributive verbs b¤ adjectival verbs¦. dUecñH enAkñúgEpñkenH eyIg
nwgelIkykTsSn³ExVgKñaTaMgBIrmkbgðaj rYceFIVkareRbobeFobbktiKuNnamCamYykiriyas½BÞ nig
KuNkiriya30
EdlkñúgkrNIxøH fñak;BaküTaMgBIrenHmanPaBRcbUkRcbl;CamYyKuNnam ehIyBi)ak
Eck[dac;RsLHBIKña.
kñúgkareRbobeFobenH eyIgnwgBinitü[)anli¥tl¥n;eTAelI {Fatu}mYycMnYn edIm,IbBa¢ak;fa
etIFatuTaMgenaHGacpþl; lkçN³vinicä½yedayELkrbs;bktiKuNnam)anRKb;eBlb¤eT? b¤mYyk¾Fatu
TaMgenaHGaceKykeTAeRbI edIm,IsMKal;lkçN³rbs;fñak;BaküdéTeTotEdr CaBiessKuNkiriya.
müa:gvijeTot eyIgk¾nwgBinitüemIltYnaTIrbs;bktiKuNnamkñúgl,H edIm,IeFIVkareRbobeFobCamYy
tYnaTIkñúgl,Hrbs;kiriyas½BÞ. CamYyenHk¾mancMNucmYycMnYnEdlnwgRtUvelIkeLIgEdr manCaGaT×
PaBGaRs½yrbs;fñak;BaküTaMgenaH nig lT§PaBbegIátBakü.
30
-mankarehAEbøk²Kña GMBIBakübec©keTsenH xøHfa kiriyaviessn_/ kiriyaviessn³/ nig KuNkiriya.
enAkñúgsarNaenHeyIgseRmceRbIBakü :KuNkiriya}¬Adverb¦.

-35-
1>1- TsSn³elIvtþmanKuNnamExµr
kñúgkarsikSaGMBIKuNnamExµr GñksikSaRsavRCav)aneRbIviFIedayELk² sRmab;eFIVkarbk-
RsayTsSn³rbs;xøÜn. karBicarNaGMBIKuNnamExµrPaKeRcIn EtgEteRbIkarvinicä½yEbbn½yniym
CaCagkarBinitü elIrUbsa®sþ rUbsm<½n§>>>.
GñksikSaExµrmYycMnYn manCaGaT×31
elak eson x½nDI/ elak Kwm Est/ elak G‘uy CYn/
elak b‘U b:U/ elak CU fanI/ RBHPikçú exov CMu CaedIm suT§Et)anerobcMkarsikSaKuNnamExµr tam
rebobRsedog²KñaenAkñúgsñaédrbs;xøÜn. enAkñúgsñaédTaMgenaH eKeXIjmankar[niymn½yKuNnam
kñúgn½yEbbRbhak;RbEhlKñafa {BaküEdlR)ab;lkçN³ rbs;namnam[dwgfa l¥b¤ GaRkk;/ FMb¤tUc
CaedIm ehAfa KuNnam dUcBaküfa citþl¥. l¥ CaKuNrbs;citþ ² Canamnam}32
. EbøkBIenHbniþc
RBHPikçú exov CMu manTsSn³fa {BaküKuNnam/ KWCaBaküKuNEdleKykmkRbkb b¤ ykmksMEdg
lkçN³rbs;nam b¤sBVnam CaeRscehIy}. enAkñúgsñaédTaMgenaH KuNnam RtUv)aneKEckCabI KW ³
bktiKuNnam/ viessKuNnam nig GtiviessKuNnam. Gtßn½yénRbePTnImYy² eRcInsresrkñúg
n½ydUecñHfa { KuNnamEdlR)ab; lkçN³rbs;namnamRtg;² minviessEbøkCagFmµta ehAfa bkti-
KuNnam dUcCa ePøIgekþA/ TwkRtCak;CaedIm. ekþA CabktiKuNnamrbs; ePøIg ² Canamnam. RtCak;
CabktiKuNnamrbs;Twk ² Canamnam. ¬>>>¦KuNnam EdlR)ab;lkçN³rbs;namnam[viessEbøk
CagRbRktIbniþc ehAfa viessKuNnam dUcBaküfa ekµgRbsb;Cag CaedIm. Rbsb;Cag Caviess-
KuNnamrbs;ekµg ² Canamnam. GtiviessKuNnam KuNnam EdlR)ab;lkçN³rbs;namnam[
viessbMputdac;eK KµanGIVeRbob)an ehAfa GtiviessKuNnam dUcCadMrI FMNas;. FMNas; Ca Gtivi-
essKuNnamrbs;dMrI ² Canamnam}. kñúgcMeNamsñaédTaMgenaH eRkABIRbePTTaMgbIénKuNnam eK
k¾)ansikSaGMBI ligÁ vcn³ rbs;fñak;BaküenHpgEdr. elak eson x½nDI fa {ebInamenaH CabuMligÁ/
GtIßligÁ/ nbuMskligÁ b¤CaÉkvcn³ Bhuvcn³ KuNnamk¾man ligÁ nwg vcn³ dUcnamenaHEdr}33
.
31
-sñaéd¬kñúgGMLúgTsvtSqñaM 50 nig60¦TaMgenHeyIg)anbgðajenAPaKxagedIménEpñkTI1.
32
-sUmGansñaédrbs;elakb‘UbU:/ evyüakrN_Exµr/d>É>m>TMB½r 30 nigTMB½rbnþbnÞab;. eyIgelIkTsSn³
mYycMnYnrbs;Kat;CatMNagTsSn³GñkÉeTot² kñúgRkum.
33
-esonx½nDI/ evyüakrN_ExµrTMenIb/ d>É>m> TMB½r136.

-36-
elak Kwm Est enAkñúgemeronsm<½n§KuNnam )an[TsSn³fa {edIm,Inwgsm<n§KuNnam eyIgRtUv[
dwg ³ RbePTrbs;KuNnam/ ligÁrbs;KuNnam/ vcn³rbs;KuNnam/ muxgarrbs; KuNnam}34
.
eXIjfa sñaédEdl)anelIbgðajxagelI eRcInyklMnaMtamevyüakrN_sM®swát-)alI Edl
kñúgevyüakrN_enHeKeRcInsikSaelI niymn½ykarEbgEckRbePTKuNnamePTvcn³rbs;KuNnam.
elak m:aes<rU: )anEckkarsikSaGMBIKuNnamExµrCaR)aMcMNucFM²KW ³ bktiKuNnam¬Adjectif
qualificatif¦/ KuNnamkMNt;/ KuNnamsMNYr/ KuNnamminc,as; ¬adjectif indéfini ¦ nig kRmit
eRbobeFobKuNnam ¬degré de comparaison¦.
elak Xin sux EckkarsikSaKuNnamExµrCaBIrEpñkFM² KW bktiKuNnam b¤ kiriyaKuNs½BÞ
nig KuNnamminRbRktI. RsedogKñaenH enAkñúgesovePAevyüakrN_ fñak;TI 5/ 6/ nig 7 rbs;RksYg
Gb;rM eKk¾mankarEbgEckdUcKñaenHEdr KWKuNnamRtUv)anEckCaBIrFM² KuNnamRbRktI nig KuNnam
kMNt;. enAkñúgsñaédTaMgBIr dMeNIrEbgEckKuNnamminRbRktI b¤ KuNnamkMNt; RtUv)aneKEckCa ³
KuNnamcMnYn/ KuNnamkmµsiT§i/ KuNnamcg¥úl/ KuNnamsMNYr/ nig KuNnamminc,as;las;. enAkñúg
esovePAevyüakrN_RksYgGb;rM niymn½yKuNnammanxwømsarfa { KuNnam KWCasMdIsMEdglkçN³
rbs;nam }35
.
eXIjfa TaMgkñúgesovePAevyüakrN_RksYgGb;rM TaMgkñúgsñaédrbs;elak Xin sux hak;dUc
CamanlMnaMRsedogKñanwgsñaédrbs;elak ma:es<rU: elIcMNucCaeRcIn. TnwÞmenaH eXIjmancMNucepSg
KñamYycMnYn ³ enAkarsikSaKuNnamExµr elakma:es<rU:)anelIkbgðajRbePTKuNnamkmµsiTi§ enAxag
edIm eRkaykarsikSaviPaKelaksniñdæanfa {KuNnamkmµsiTi§minR)akdfamanenAkñúgPasaExµreT}36
.
enAkñúgsñaédevyüakrN_RksYgGb;rM mankarsikSali¥tl¥n;Cagsñaédmun²eRcIneTAelIsm<½n§ {sMB½n§
sa®sþKuNnamRbRktI} rUbrag nig n½y rbs;KuNnam EdlrebobenHTMngCaedIrtamlMnaMevyüakrN_
EdlrebobenHhak;dUcCaedIrtamevyüakrN_)araMg edayelak hSg; dub½r ¬Jean Dubois, René
34
-KwmEst/ viFIcgbT>sm<n§/ d>É>m> TMB½r33.
35
-RksYgGb;rM/ evyüakrN_fñak;TI5/ d>É>m> TMB½r94.
36
-Georges Maséro, op.cit., p.249, “L’adjectif possessif n’exist pas à propement parler en khmèr.”

-37-
Langane¦37
. kan;Etli¥tl¥n;CagenHenAkñúg evyüakrN_PasaExµr elaksa®sþacarü Xin sux )an
bgðajbEnøkfIµ²mYycMnYneTAkñúgkarsikSabktiKuNnam dUcCa karsikSaeTAelIkMeNItbktiKuNnam
nig kareRbIFatumYycMnYnsRmab;eFIV[KuNnameTACanam. elaksresrfa {KuNnam eKGaceFVI[eTA
CanamnusS)an edaybEnßmsBÞGa em b¤ mI enABIxagmux. ]TahrN_ ³ GaRkhm rbs; b¤
stVEdlmanBN’ Rkhm/ mIelOgstVjI Edlmansm,úr BN’elOg>>>}38
.
cMENk elak G‘uk vibul {evyüakrN_ExµrTMenIb } manTsSn³epSgBIGñkmun²elI karEbgEck
RbePTKuNnam. RbePTKuNnamrbs;Kat;man ³ KuNnamKuNPaB/ KuNnamBN’/ KuNnamnam
/KuNnamTMhM/ KuNnamGayu/ KuNnamRTg;RTay/ KuNnamkiriya/ KuNnamcMnYn/ KuNnamminc,as;/
KuNnamsMnYr/ KuNnamcg¥úl nig KuNnamkmµsiT§i. elak ¬G‘uk vibul¦ k¾)ansikSaeTAelIkbBaða
ePT nig vcn³rbs;KuNnam EdlkarsikSarebobenH minmanvtþmanenAkñúgesovePAevyüakrN_rbs;
RksYgGb;rM/ enAkñúgsñaédrbs; elak hSk m:aes<rU: k¾dUcCaenAkñúgsñaéd rbs;elak Xin sux .
cMeBaHniymn½yKuNnam elak G‘uk vibul manTsSn³dUcKñanwgTsSn³RBHPikçú exov CMu Edr.
elak hÁ½rhÁÚjIv ¬Gorgoniev¦ )ancat; KuNnamExµreTAkñúgRkum predicative. enAkñúgRkum
enaHman kiriyas½BÞ nig KuNnam. karsikSamYyeTAelIlkçN³smÁal;KuNnam ¬Main Distinctive
Properties of Adjectives¦ elak)anpþl;TsSn³fa {kiriyas½BÞ nig KuNnam mann½yxag
evyüakrN_edayELkBIKña. kiriyas½BÞ KUsbBa¢ak;skmµPaB cMENkKuNnam KUsbBa¢ak;lkçN³.
müa:geTot dUcEdlbgðajrYcehIyfa KuNnam nig kiriyas½BÞ manrcnasm<½n§xusKña}39
. elak)an
bgðajnUvFatumYycMnYn EdleRbIedIm,IsmÁal;KuNnam edayelIkeLIgfa {KuNnamTaMgGs; GacRtUv
bgðajnUvFatubEnßmn½y tamry³BakübnÞab;bnSM ya:g ¬BaküenH mann½yedImfa RbePT/ Ebb¦
37
- Jean Dubois, René Langane, La nouvelle grammaire du français, Librairie larousse, 1973.
p.104-105.
38
-Xin sux, evyüakrN_PasaExµr, d>É>m> op.cit. p. 242 “ Les adjectifs qualificatifs peuvent être
personnifiés en les faisant précéder par les termes : Ga/em¬>>>¦ ”.
39
-Y.A. Gorgoniyev, The Khmer Language, op.cit., p. 103. “ verbs and adjectives have different
grammatical meanings. The former denote actions, whereas the latter denote qualitative attributes.”

-38-
]TahrN_ ³ ya:gl¥ }40
. eRkAGMBIlkçN³dUc)anbgðajxagelIenH elak)anelIkyklkçN³
BiessmYyeTotrbs;KuNnamExµr KW lT§PaBbegIátkareRbobeFob kñúgenaHelakrkeXIjfa {manEt
KuNnambu:eNÑaH EdlGaceRbIenAkñúgsMNg;eRbobeFob enAkñúgsMNg;enaHcritlkçN³énkareRbobeFob
EsþgeLIgtamkarbMeBjn½y edayBN’nabBaðaBIr b¤eRcIn tamry³KMrUdUcenH ³ ´x<s;CagKat;;}41
.
eXIjfa TsSn³viPaKrbs;elak hÁ½rhÁÚjIv hak;dUcCaXøatq¶aybniþcBITsSn³enAkñúgsñaéd
Edl)anelIkknøgmk eBalKWelakminsUvyklkçN³vinicä½yCabEg¥keT.
1>1>1- TsSn³elIkarkMNt;muxgarrbs;bktiKuNnam
xageRkamenHCaTsSn³rbs;GñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYnsIþBI muxgarrbs;bktiKuNnamExµr.
elak KWm Est )anehAmuxgarKuNnam EdlGaRs½ynwgnamfa { KuNnam manmuxgar
CaKuNbT rbs;namNaEdlxøÜnsMEdglkçN³[ .
]TahrN_³ esovePAenHl¥ . l¥CaKuNbTrbs;esovePA .
®sþIenHFat; . Fat;CaKuNbTrbs;®sþI .
TIFøaenHTUlay . TUlayCaKuNbTrbs;TIFøa . } ¬TMB½r 38-39¦
karsikSaGMBIbktiKuNnamenAkñúgsm<½n§42
¬syntaxe¦elak hSk ma:es<rU: )anbgðajBIcMNuc
mYycMnYn EdlTak;Tgnwgmuxgarrbs;bktiKuNnam rYmman ³
· bktiKuNnam nig nam ¬le substantif¦ ³ {bktiKuNnam sißtenAxageRkaynam. Ga
ENH man R)aCJ:a FM Na;s ¬GaenHmanR)aCaJFMNas;¦. va rk É Na man s,Úv s¶Üt ¬varkÉNa man
s,Úvs¶Üt¦}.
40
-lbit., p. 103 “all adjectives can be introduced in an attribute by the accessory word ya:ŋ (whose
lexical meaning is ‘kind’, ‘sort’), e.g. ya:ŋ l?: ‘good’, ‘well’,...”.
41
-lbit., p.104.“ Only adjectives can be used in comparative constructions in which the characteristics
compared express the same qualitative attribute ascribed to two or more objects, i.e. in constructions
of the type ‘khom khph ceaŋ khit’ I am taller than he”.
42
-Georges Maspéro, Grammaire de la langue khmère, op.cit., p. 245-247 “- L’adjectif qualificatif
se place après le substantif qu’il qualifie(...), - Lorsqu’il y a, dans une même proposition dépourvue
de verbe, deux adjectifs qualificaitif ou deux groupes d’adjectifs dont l’un explétif, le second
adjectif, ou le second groupe d’adjectifs, a valeur attribut.(...), - L’adjectif qualificaitif qui suit un
adjectif déterminantif, dans un proposition sans verbe, est toujours attribut.(...) ”.

-39-
· KuNnam enAkñúgl,H EdlGvtþmankiriyas½BÞ ³{enAkñúgl,HmYyEdlminmankiriyas½BÞ
manEtKuNnamBIr b¤RkumKuNnam KuNnamTImYymannaTIb®gÁb;n½y rIÉ KuNnamTIBIrmantémøCa
GaRTIbu‘y. nag eTB Rbim RbI l¥ BisI Cag eK TaMg G;s ¬nageTBRbimRbIy l¥BisICag
eKTaMgGs;¦}. ¬TMB½r 246¦
· rvagbktiKuNnam nig KuNnamkMNt; ³ {enAkñúgl,HmYy kalNabktiKuNnam enAbnÞab;
KuNnamkMNt; bktiKuNnamenaHsuT§EtCaGaRTIb‘uyTaMgGs;. RsI ENH l¥ ¬RsIenHl¥¦(Cette
femme ‘est’ belle). RsI l¥ ENH ¬RsIl¥enH¦ (Cette bell femme). bnÞay ENH FM (Cette
citadelle ‘est’ vaste)}. ¬TMB½r 246¦
· bktiKuNnam nig kiriyas½BÞ ³ {bktiKuNnam EdlQrCarNbrbs;kiriyas½BÞ vaxI©témø
KuNkiriya . mcaseRbi[ediRsYl¬m©as;eRbI[edIrRsYl¦}.
· bktiKuNnamerogKña edIrtYCaKuNkiriya³ {bktiKuNnammYy EdleKeRbIBIeRkaybkti-
KuNnammYyeTotEdlmannaTICaKuNkiriya bktiKuNnamenaH CaTUeTAsEmþgnUvkRmiteRbobeFob
nig RtUveKbkERbCaKuNkiriya. va[CikkkaüdIxSaceRCA FM¬va[CIkkkaydIxSac;eRCAFM ¦ }
cMeBaHelak Xin sux 43
)anEckmuxgarbktiKuNnamExµrCabI dUcxageRkamenH ³
· eKGaceRbIbktiKuNnambBa¢ak;KuNlkçN³ b¤ k¾eRbICaeGBIEtt.
KMrUl,HKW ³ nam ÷ KuNnam ÷ Bakücg¥úlR)ab;.
]TahrN_ ³ salafµIenH.
· eKGaceRbIKuNnamenHCaBakükMNt;n½y[eK b¤ CaGat;RTIb‘uy
KMrUl,HKW ³ nam ÷ Bakücg¥úlR)ab; ÷ KuNnam .
k- CaGat;RTIb‘uyrbs;RbFanl,H ³
]TahrN_³ - salaenHfµI/ sk;Kat;exµA.
x- CaGat;RTIb‘uyrbs;kmµbT
KMrUl,HKW ³ nam ÷ kiriyasBÞ ÷ nam ÷ Bakücg¥úlR)ab; ÷ KuNnam
]TahrN_ ³ Kat;eXIjpÞHenaHl¥.
43
-Xinsux/d>É>m> TMB½r234-235 .

-40-
· eKGaceRbIKuNnamCaKuNkiiriya ¬kiriyaviessn_¦
KMrUl,HKW ³ RbFan ÷ kiriyasBÞ ÷ KuNkiriya
]TahrN_ ³ xül;bk;xøaMg. Kat;niyayExµrl¥.
BaküxøaMg l¥kñúgXøaTaMgBIrenHCaKuNkiriya.
cMENkenAkñúgesovePAevyüakrN_rbs;RksYgGb;rM )anbgðajmuxgarbktiKuNnamfa ³
{ kalNa KuNnamRbRktICaFaturbs;sMng;mYyénkenSamnam vamanmuxgaCaKuNbT .
kNþúrtUc² k¾dUckNþúrFM²Edr suT§EtCastVcéRgcMeBaHeyIg.
kalNaKuNnamRbRktIenAkñúgkenSamkiriyaEdlmankiriya hak;dUcCa køayCa>>>vaCa
FatusMxan;énkenSam ³
valERs ERbkøayCa exovRsgat; .
emX eLIgCa exµAggwt.
muxva hak;dUcCa s¶ÜtNas;éf¶enH .
páaenH enA Rss; enAeLIy . } ¬TMB½r 85¦
enAkñúgsñaéddEdlenH eK)anpþl;kMNt;smÁal;fa KuNnamCaKuNbTTak;TgnwgnampÞal;
minTak;Tgnwgkalrbs;kiriyas½BÞeT. edayELkKuNnamenAkñúgkenSamkkiriya Tak;Tgnwgkalén
kiriyas½BÞ dUckñúg]TahrN_fa {emXkøayCa RslH éf¶enH}. rIÉBakübec©keTs eRbIsRmab;ehA
muxgar bktiKuNnam kñúgkrNICaFatusMxan;rbs;kenSamkiriya minmaneXIjehAfadUcemþceT.
elak G‘uk vibul fa {tamkareRbIR)as;KuNnamenAkñúgl,H KuNnammanmuxgarCaKuNbT
kiriya nig KuNkiriya ¬kiriyaviessn_¦} . enAkñúgmuxgaTaMgenaH eyIgsUmbgðajdUcteTA ³
· KuNnammanmuxgarCaKuNbT sMrab;bBa¢ak;lkçN³[nam.
]TahrN_ ³
{mantutUcmYy enAkñúgbnÞb;rbs;´} .
{éf¶enH´CYbsisSBUEk EpñkKNitviTüamñak;} .
{RbeTseCOnelOn mYykMBugkarBarbrisßanenAkñúgRbeTs>>>} .
· KuNnammanmuxgarCaKuNkiriya¬kiriyaviessn_¦ sMrab;bBa¢ak;lkçN³[kiriya b¤ KuN-
kiriya.

-41-
]TahrN_ ³ RbeTsenHGPivDÆesdækic©elOn Nas; .
Kat;niyayPasaGg;eKøsl¥ Nas; . rfynþenHbryWt Nas; . Kat;hUbeRcIn . sMeronBUEk
.
· KuNnammanmuxgarCakiriyaenAkñúgl,H .
]TahrN_ ³ kumarIenH s¥at Nas; . esovePA enHéfø Nas; . sisSenHBUEk
Nas; . edImsVayenHRkFMemø:H . ¬TMB½r 23 ¦
dUecñH tamTsSn³elIkarEbgEckmuxgarbktiKuNnam dUc)anelIkeLIgxagelI eyIgGac
srub)anfa bktiKuNnamExµr manmuxgarbIKW ³ KuNbT/ kiriyas½BÞ nig KuNkiriya.
1>1>2- karBicarNaelITsSn³EbgEckmuxgarbktiKuNnam
k¦- KuNbT ³ eyIg)anelIkmþgehIy kñúgEpñkTI1fa KuNnammannaTIsMxan;sRmab;
bBa¢ak;lkçN³rbs;nam[)anc,as;las; EtRbsinebIKµanKuNnamsMrab;bBa¢ak;enaHeT k¾KµanGIVeFIV[
xUcRTg;RTay b¤ n½yrbs;crnþsMdIenaHEdr. ]TahrN_³
- elak)aLat;benÞas {sUhV½rcéRgbrrfGIya:gGIecH}? ¬kulabéb:lin/ TMB½r 51¦.
- kalNaeKykvtßúrwgBIrduMmkTgiÁcKña>>>> ¬CIvitRKb;lkçN_/TMB½r 1¦.
- mðÚbeRkomeRkaHmankUnRtIRblak; kþaméRb xwÞméRb RbhukGMbil¬swumGñkbrLan/ TMB½r 84¦.
- pÞHk®nþtenHebIkTaVrcMhreTAelIkUnPWømYy>>>¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 82¦.
enAkñúgl,HTaMgenH céRg/ rwg/ maMTaM/ éRb nig k®nþt CaKuNnamEdlmannaTIbBa¢ak;[
eyIgeXIjfa sUhV½ ¬GñkebIkLan¦ manbuKÁliklkçN³dUcemþc/ vtßúmansPaBdUcemþc/ xwÞm b¤ kþam
manrsCatidUcemþc>>>.
enAkñúgkrNICaGñkbMeBjn½yEbbenH tamTsSn³EbgEckmuxgarxagelI eK[eQµaHfa
KuNbT b¤ eGBIEtt. enAkñúgsarNaenH eyIgkMNt;eRbIBakübec©keTs {KuNbT} sRmab;smÁal;
muxgarenH. edayEp¥k tam]TahrN_CaeRcInGMBIbktiKuNnam Biess]TahrN_xagelIenH eXIj
fa bktiKuNnamPaKeRcIn manTItaMgenAxageRkaynam b¤ xagsþaMnam. TnwÞmnwgenHk¾manKuNnam
mYyPaKtUcEdr EdleKeRbIenAxagmuxnam. enAkñúgbktiKuNnammYycMnYntUcenaHeTotesat PaK-
eRcInCaKuNnamkm©IBIPasasM®sþwt-)alI enArkSasm<½n§edIm ¬KuNnam÷nam ¦dEdl.

-42-
]TahrN_ ³ sUpat k¾manKMnitKitKYcemRtIelIklüaN®sIþ Edr ¬sUpat/ TMB½r 36¦. eKRbmUl
KMnitrbs;eK[enAeRkam]tþmKti fa>>>¬CIvitRKb;lkçN_/ TMB½r 91¦. karTsSnaburaNdæanTaMgBYg>>> nwg
GacnaM[kUnKat; rIkraysb,aymansac;manQameLIg ¬páaRseBan/ TMB½r 85¦.
enAmanbktiKuNnamRbPBExµrtictYcEdr EdlmanTItaMgEbbenHEdr ¬enAxageqVgnam¦.
bu::EnþeKeRcIneXIjeRbIenAkñúgBakükaBü karenHTMngCaeFIVeLIgedIm,ItRmUveCIgkaBübu:eNÑaH.
]TahrN_³ GasUrswgRsI BaleBjBIsI s¥at²rU)a smmkBIq¶ay dl;GayenHNa
lM)akkaya>>>¬BuT§iEsn/ TMB½r 23¦. yl;GjmanP½BV )anbIþcMNab; cas;ecarkMRBk eFIVxøÜnCaecH
eRtkeRtHriHrk>>>¬BuT§iEsn/ TMB½r 118¦. nrNaÉgehIy ehAha‘nmhima edIrelIk,aleyIg
F¶n;eCIgem:øHNa BuMekatsirsa eyIgdl;ticeLIy ¬hgSynþ/ TMB½r 182¦.
dUecñH enAkñúgmuxgarCa KuNbT bktiKuNnam PaKeRcInsißtenAxageRkaynam nig mYycMnYn
tUcRtUv)aneKeRbImuxnam. lT§plenHpÞúyeTAnwgTsSn³rbs;elak Xin sux nig ma:es<rU: eRBaH
elakTaMgBIrmanTsSn³fa {KuNnamRbRktI enAeRkaynamCanic©}44
. eyIgKitfa PaBminRbRktI
bniþcbnþÜc énTItaMgrbs;KuNbTenH RbEhlsRmbeTAtam Tmøab;BieraHRtecok ¬rythm¦ RsYlfa
RsYlniyay.
x¦- kenSamkiriya ³ elak Xin sux ehAbktiKuNnamEdlQrCakenSamkiriyafa Ca
Gat;RTIb‘uy. bktiKuNnamCa Gat;RTIb‘uy b¤ kenSamkiriya tamTsSn³EdlelIkrYcmkehIy eK)an
kMNt;TItaMgEbbenH ³ nam ÷ Bakücg¥úlR)ab; ÷ KuNnam. ]TahrN_ ³ pÞHenHRsLHlwVgelVg
¬páaRseBan/ TMB½r 95 ¦. TUkenHRsYck,alRsYckénS ¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r166 ¦. kMhusbgFMNas;.
¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 168 ¦. bu:EnþCYnkal Gvtþmanén Bakücg¥úlR)ab; k¾eyIgeXIjman bktiKuNnam
xøHGacRtUv)aneRbICa kenSamkiriyaEdr. ]TahrN_ ³ yaycas;ehIy minecHniyayelgeT ¬Rbvtiþ
GñktakñúgRbeTsExµr PaK2 TMB½r 164 ¦. LÚvb‘un-eFOnRkehIy>>> ¬páaRseBan/ TMB½r 22¦.
dUecñH KuNnamCakenSamkiriyaminGaRs½yelIlMdab; dUcEdl)anTsSn³xagelI)an elIk
eLIgTaMgRsugenaHeT. ktþasMxan; eKRtUvKYbpSMeTAelIbribTpgEdr.
44
-Xinsux/ evyüakrN_PasaExµr/d>É>m> TMB½r240/{ L’adjectif qualificatif se place toujours après
le substantif }.

-43-
K¦- KuNkiriya ³ enAkñúgtYnaTIrbs;bktiKuNnamCaKuNkiriya elak Xin sux/ elak G‘uk
vibul k¾dUcCaelak ma:es<rU: suT§EtmanTsSn³dUckñúgKMrUenH ³ RbFan ÷ kiriyas½BÞ ÷ KuNkiriya
¬bktiKuNnam¦.]TahrN_ ³xül;bk;xøaMg. Kat;niyayExµrl¥.ehIyKat;TaMgbInak; suT§swgyl;dUc²
KñafabktiKuNnamEdlsißtenAkñúgsm<½n§EbbenHxI©témøKuNkiriya¬emprunte valeur adverbiale¦.
edayELk eyIgyl;fa sm<½n§EbbenH enAminTan;pþl;lkçN³vinicä½yTaMgRsugfa bktiKuNnamTaMg
enaHsuT§swg CaKuNkiriyaeLIy. ]TahrN_ ³ sm,úrmuxnageLIgRkhmRcal edayesckIþxwg ¬
páaRseBan TMB½r 112¦. kargarRKb;Epñkhak;dUcCax<s;CagcMeNHrbs;´)aT>>>¬kulabéb:lin/ TMB½r 15¦.
BIRKb;ElVgFuMeq¥Hs¥úyqYl>>>¬RKUbeRgonRsukERs/ TMB½r 31¦. enAkñúg]TahrN_TaMgenH Bakü eLIg
hak;dUcCa nig FuM Cakiriyas½BÞ. Gvtþmanénkiriyas½BÞTaMgenH l,HenArkSalkçN³eBjelj nig
mann½yRKb;RKan;. pÞúyeTAvij ebIsinCabktiKuNnam x<s;/ RkhmRcal nig eq¥Hs¥úyqYl RtUvdk
ecj l,HxagelInwg)at;bg;lkçN³smehtusmpl¬logical¦ b¤ sþab;min)an.
elak ma:es<rU: fa krNIbktiKuNnameRcInenACamYyKña bktiKuNnamTImYyCaKuNbT nig
bktiKuNnamTIBIrCakenSamkiriya. ]TahrN_ ³ nageTBRbimRbIy l¥BisI CageK. enAkñúgl,HenH
RbimRbIyCaKuNnamTImYy edIrtYCa KuNbT rIÉ l¥BisIedIrtYCa kenSamkiriya .
enAkñúglMdab;bktiKuNnamdUcKñaenH dUckñúg]TahrN_ ³ eTaHEm:«søÚtkac KYrEtxøacdUc
mhakSRt>>>¬c,ab;Rkmg:uy/ TMB½r 67¦. mðÚbenHhak;dUcCaman»CarslIVgct;epþspþaskñúgmat;nag.
¬páaRseBan TMB½r 90¦. cMENkÉkUnRbusKat; eCIgexaERBexµAFM² bu:nkarugGMbil>>>¬maladYgcitþ TMB½r 18¦.
bktiKuNnamenAkñúg]TahrN_TaMgenH bMeBjnaTICa KuNbT dUcKñaenAkñúgkenSam. CYnkal
bktiKuNnamEdlsißtenAlMdab;dUcKñaenHmanmuxgarepSg²Kña dUckñúg ³ eBRCenHl¥Nas;¡massuT§l¥
cieBa©ónGñkNa ¡ ¬sUpat/ TMB½r 31¦. suT§manmuxgarCa KuNbT rIÉ l¥manmuxgarCa KuNkiriya.
eyagtamlT§plxagelIenH bktiKuNnamenAkñúgKMrUdUcKña minGaccat;Tukfamamuxgar dUc²
KñaeT. eTaHCaya:genHkIþ eyIgGacsnµt)anfa bktiKuNnamNa edIrtYCaBakürNbrbs;kiriya
s½BÞbegÁal ¬main verb¦ bktiKuNnamenaH eRcInmanmuxgarCa KuNkiriya.
dUecñH bktiKuNnam GacmanmuxgarCaKuNkiriya kñúgkrNIFM²BIr KW 1¦- enAeRkay ehIy
rNbkiriyas½BÞbegÁal nig 2¦- enAeRkay ehIy BRgIkn½y[bktiKuNnamKñaÉg.

-44-
X¦- kenSamRbFan ³ eRkABITsSn³dUc)ansikSaviPaKxagelI eyIgsegáteXIjfa bkti-
KuNnam CYnkal RtUv)aneKdak;[QrEtÉgenAkñúgkenSamRbFan.
]TahrN_ ³
mwH²ekHqñaMg)ayFøúH ¬vcnanuRkmExµr PaKTI1 PaKTI2/ TMB½r 892¦ .
søÚtsøab; evocevrmanP½BVGayuyWnyUr ¬erOgGasuksøÚt Gasukkac¦?
l¥minRkyUr EsVgeronrkRKU s‘UkuMsþayRTBü>>>¬c,ab;Rkmgu:y TMB½r 40¦.
ekþAsIurak; RtCak;sIueRCA .
Bakü mwH²/ søÚt/ evocevr/ l¥/ ekþA nig RtCak; sißtenAEtÉgkñúgkenSamnamRbFan. Rsb
tamTItaMgEbbenH bktiKuNnam bMeBjmuxgarCakenSamRbFan¬subjective¦.
esckIþsniñdæan ³ tamkarsegát eTAelIkareRbIR)as;BaküenAkñúgl,H fñak;Bakü EdleKehAfa Ca
bktiKuNnam GacmanmuxgarCa ³
- KuNbT {attributive}³ kalNava CaFaturbs;kenSamnam Ca rNbrbs;nambegÁal.
- FatucaM)ac;rbs;kenSamkiriya{predicative}³ kalNakñúgl,Hminmankiriyas½BÞ bktiKuN
namkøayCaFatucaM)ac;rbs;kenSamkiriya ¦.
- KuNkiriya ³ CaFaturbs;kenSamkiriya CarNbrbs;kiriyas½BÞ b¤ eRbIbnÞab;BaküCa
bktiKuNnam dUcKña.
- RbFankñúgl,H ³ kñúgkrNIxøHkenSamRbFan GvtþmannambegÁal KuNnamGacQrCa
RbFan. {krNIenHminsUvmaneRcIneT }.
CYnkal karEjk[eXIjmuxgarTaMgenH mankarBi)ak dUcenH eKGacsikSaviPaKedayKYbpSM
nwgkarsegátkñúgbribT b¤ TIesckIþ nig kareFIVets pgEdr eTIbGacdwgBImuxgarTaMgenaH)anc,as;.
1>1>3- karBicarNaelIkmµbTrbs;bktiKuNnam ¬Complement de l’adjectif qualificatif¦
cMeBaHkmµbTrbs;bktiKuNnam elak hSk ma:es<rU: )anbbgðajfa {kmµbTrbs;bktiKuN
nam sißtenAbnÞab;KuNnam. ]TahrN_ ³ eXiBJa muk nag RkmM ENH søÚt l¥ emil ¬eXIjmuxnag
RkmuM enHsøÚtl¥emIl ¦}. ¬TMB½r 247¦

-45-
elak Xin sux fa {bktiKuNnammYycMnYn eKeRbIEtÉg b¤ CamYykmµbT. >>> ]TahrN_ ³
Kat;ekþAcitþnwgekµg²/ erOgenHl¥emIl/ Kat;xi¢lsresr sMbuRt} . ¬TMB½r 240¦
Ep¥kelITsSn³xagelI bktiKuNnamk¾RtUvkarfñak;BakümYycMnYnCakmµbTEdr. kmµbTTaMg
enaHGacCakiriyas½BÞ b¤nam. ]TahrN_³ GnuCatbuRt søúÚtbMputRsNukeRbI>>>¬c,ab;Rkmg:uy/TMB½r 66¦.
sMnYrenHeFIV[eyIgBi)akeqIøy ¬vb,Fm’ nig GariyFm’Exµr/ TMB½r153¦. emIlkaEstmøúwg² )anCa BUEkedaH
RsayNas; ¬RKUbeRgonRsukERs/ TMB½r 9¦. RBHnagk¾RkabbgÁMTUlRBHsVamIfa{ cg;eTAemIlelçannwgeK
eGay)aneXIjmþg eRBaHBYkPIelogniyayGYtfal¥emIlNas;}¬RbCMuerOgeRBgExµr/ PaK 5 TMB½r 80¦.
kñúg]TahrN_xagelI KuNnam nig kiriyas½BÞ manTMnak;TMngnwgKña ehIykiriyas½BÞ RtUv)an
eRbIdUcCaGñkb®gÁb; {complement}rbs;bktiKuNnamEdr .
eRkABIkiriyas½BÞ eyIgsegáteXIjnammYycMnYn k¾RtUv)aneKeRbICakmµbTrbs;bktiKuNnam
Edr. ]TahrN_ ³ GñkRsukéb:linxøH>>>eKFUrR)ak;kaspg eKk¾TijkMaePøIg>>>¬RbCMuerOgeRBgExµr/PaK5
TMB½r 69¦. BYkGñkbrreTHk¾rh½sédrh½seCIg xøHeTArkeQIéRBmkeFIVCa]s>>>¬páaRseBan/ TMB½r 136¦.
vuFÉgxI©esckIþNas; em:ck¾ek¥gk¥agdl;mwøg ¡ ¬maladYgcitþ/ TMB½r 105¦. éNs‘t>>>cas;éd/ cas;eCIg
eTA muxCa)anCaBaNiCmYyy:agFM>>>¬páaRseBan TMB½r 78¦.
eXIjfa bktiKuNnam k¾Cafñak;BakümYyEdlRtUvkarkmµbTEdr tamry³sRmg;l,HxagelI
nig tamkarBinitüCaTUeTA fñak;BaküenHTamTarkmµbTkalNaeKeRbICakenSamkiriya.
1>1>4- TsSn³mYycMnYnelITMehobbktiKuNnam
elak G‘uk vibul EckkRmiteRbobeFobKuNnamExµrCabYnKW kRmitviC¢man/ kRmitesIµ/
kRmitelIs nig kRmitpþac;. ¬TMB½r 26-29¦
Bakü l¥/ søÚt/ qøat/ BUEk elakcat;CakRmitviC¢man. s¥atdUc/ qøatdUc/ relagdUc/ BUEkdUc
CakRmitesIµ. fIµCag/ ]sSaCag/ cas;Cag/ BUEkCag CakRmitelIs. rIÉ BUEkCageKbMput/
eRcInelIseKbg¥s;/]sSaxøaMgNas;CakRmitpþac;.
elak Xin sux EckkareRbobeFobKuNnamCaBIrFM² ³ kRmitdac;xat ¬degré absolu¦ nig
kRmiteRbóbeFob ¬degré relatif¦. elak)anbMEbkkRmitdac;xat kRmitFmµta ¬pÞHenHtUc/ RsI
enHs¥at ¦ nig n½ycugbMput ¬superlatif absolu¦. enAkñúgkarsikSaGMBIn½ycugbMput eKsegát

The adjectives in modern khmer

The adjectives in modern khmer

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