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1. Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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or
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FALL 2014 - Assignment
PROGRAM B.Sc IT
SEMESTER FIRST
SUBJECT CODE & NAME BT0064-LOGIC DESIGN
CREDIT 4
BK ID B0948
MAX.MARKS 60
Note – Answer all questions. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.
1. Solve each of the following 4-bit subtraction problems using 2's complement representation.
i. (00110)2 – (00101)2
ii. (01100)2 – (01010)2
iii. (1011)2 - (1001)2
iv. (0111)2 - (0001)2
v. (0010)2 – (1000)2

2. Answer : For each part, the correct 2’s compliment representation of the subtrahend is given by:-
Q.2 Draw the symbol for XNOR & X-OR and explain the truth table?
Answer:- - XNOR:- The XNOR gate (sometimes spelled "exnor" or "enor" and rarely written NXOR) is a
digital logic gate whose function is the inverse of the exclusive OR (XOR) gate. The two-input version
implements logical equality, behaving according to the truth table to the right. A HIGH output (1) results
if both of the inputs to the gate are the same. If one but
Q.3 What are adders? Explain half adders and full adders with circuit diagrams.
Answer: Adders:-
In electronics, an adder or summer is a digital circuit that performs addition of numbers. In many
computers and other kinds of processors, adders are used not only in the arithmetic logic unit(s), but
also in other parts of the processor, where they are used to calculate addresses, table indices, and
similar operations.
Although adders can be constructed for many numerical representations, such as binary-coded decimal
or excess-3, the most common adders operate on
Q.4 what is ring counter? Explain it working with the help of diagram.
Answer: - ring counter:- A ring counter is a type of counter composed of a type circular shift register.
The output of the last shift register is fed to the input of the first register. The hamming distance of a
Johnson counter is 1, the hamming distance of an Overbeck counter is 2.
There are two types of ring counters:
 A straight ring counter or Overbeck counter connects the output of the last shift register to the
first shift register input and circulates a single one (or zero) bit around the ring. For example, in a
4-register one-hot counter, with initial

5. Explain any five types of digital to analog convertors.
Answer: In electronics, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC, D/A, D2A or D-to-A) is a function that
converts digital data (usually binary) into an analog signal (current, voltage, or electric charge). An
analog-to-digital converter (ADC) performs the reverse function. Unlike analog signals, digital data can
be transmitted, manipulated, and stored without degradation, albeit with more complex equipment.

3. But a DAC is needed to convert the digital signal to analog to drive an earphone or loudspeaker amplifier
in order to produce sound (analog air pressure waves).
Q.6 What are shift registers? Explain serial in serial out shift register.
Answer: - shift registers:- In digital circuits, a shift register is a cascade of flip flops, sharing the same
clock, in which the output of each flip-flop is connected to the "data" input of the next flip-flop in the
chain, resulting in a circuit that shifts by one position the "bit array" stored in it, shifting in the data
present at its input and shifting out the last bit in the array, at each transition of the clock input.
More generally, a shift register may be multidimensional, such that its "data in" and stage outputs are
themselves bit arrays: this is implemented simply by running several shift registers of the same bit-length
in parallel.
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