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1. Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
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or
Call us at : 08263069601
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ASSIGNMENT
WINTER 2013
PROGRAM BSc IT
SEMESTER 1
SUBJECT CODE & NAME BT0064-LOGIC DESIGN
CREDIT 4
BK ID B0948
MAX. MARKS 60
Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately
of 400 words. Eachquestion is followed by evaluation scheme.
Q.1Expand the following Boolean functions into their canonical form:
i. f(X,Y,Z) =XY+YZ+ X Z+ X Y
ii. f(X,Y, Z) =XY+ X Y + X YZ
Answer: Canonical Form: -The word "canonical" simply means "standard" and it is used throughout
mathematics and science to denote some standard form for equations. In digital electronics, Boolean
equations are considered to be in canonical form when each of the terms in the equation includes all of
the possible inputs and those terms appear in the same order as in the truth table. The canonical form is
important when simplifying a circuit.
For example, imagine the solution to a given problem generated the following truth table:
Canonical Example #1 Inputs Output

2. Q.2 Explain the concepts of Gray code and Excess-3 Code with their respective properties.
Answer: Gray code:-
The reflected binary code, also known as Gray code after Frank Gray, is a binary numeral system where
two successive values differ in only one bit. The reflected binary code was originally designed to prevent
spurious output from electromechanical switches. Today, Gray codes are widely used to facilitate error
correction in digital communications such as digital terrestrial television and some cable TV systems.
The reflected binary code solves this problem by changing only one switch at a time, so there is never
any ambiguity of position:-
Q.3 Explain the working of JK flip-flop in detail.
Answer: The J-K Flip-Flop IC is used to shift data from one point to another in a circuit in a timed fashion
using a clock/strobe pulse to control the data flow. The J-K is also used as a binary counter. The number
of bits in the counter byte is determined by the number of J-Ks that are linked (output-to-input fashion).
As a teacher I found the J-K ideal for teaching the concepts of data shifting (control) and binary counting.
My students could underatand these concepts easily enough. However, they had great difficulty
visualizing the workings of the Flip-Flop action
Q.4 Define shift registers and explain SISO shift registers.
Answer: Shift registers: -In digital circuits, a shift register is a cascade of flip flops, sharing the same
clock, in which the output of each flip-flop is connected to the "data" input of the next flip-flop in the
chain, resulting in a circuit that shifts by one position the "bit array" stored in it, shifting in the data
present at its input and shifting out the last bit in the array, at each transition of the clock input. More
generally, a shift register may be multidimensional, such that it’s "data in" and stage outputs are
themselves bit arrays: this is implemented simply by running several shift registers of the same bit-
length in parallel.
Q.5 Explain how the error correction and compression take place in modems.
Answer: When transferring data over telephone lines using a modem, accidents can and do happen.
Because the telephone network was not originally designed to transfer data, noise on the line can cause

3. a modem to misinterpret the signal received from another modem causing data corruption. Under many
circumstances, such corruption can cause severe problems (money lost and data rendered useless).
To combat such problems, the modem incorporates two separate methods of error correction, the
Microcom Network Protocol (MNP) and the ITU-
Q.6 Explain any five common types of DAC.
Answer: A digital-to-analog converter (DAC or D-to-A) is a device for converting a digital (usually binary)
code to an analog signal (current, voltage or charges). A DAC inputs a binary number and outputs an
analog voltage or current signal.
The most common types of electronic DAC’s are:
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
“ help.mbaassignments@gmail.com ”
or
Call us at : 08263069601
(Prefer mailing. Call in emergency )