The document describes how the Zeeman effect can be observed using a strong electromagnet called an MM. A source of light is placed between the pole pieces of the MM, which have holes drilled through them. The light is passed through the holes and its spectrum is observed using a spectrograph. When a magnetic field is applied, the spectral lines split into multiple components that are polarized in different ways, demonstrating the Zeeman effect. This effect can be seen longitudinally or transversely to the magnetic field direction.
Photoelectron spectroscopy
- a single photon in/ electron out process
• X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
- using soft x-ray (200-2000 eV) radiation to
examine core-levels.
• Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS)
- using vacuum UV (10-45 eV) radiation to
examine valence levels.
The experimental set up is enclosed in a highly evacuated glass vessel to avoid the deflection of silver atoms by gas. Each silver atom behaves like a magnet due to its magnetic moment resulting from spin angular momentum of its 5s1 electron. A beam of Silver atoms is passed in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The silver atoms gets deflected in the inhomogeneous magnetic field due to the unequal forces experienced by poles of each 5s1 electron of an atom and is traced in a photographic plate. The presence of two curves on photographic film confirms that electron have spins either in clockwise or anticlockwise direction. The magnitude of the spacing between the curves on photographic film agrees well with experimental result. Thus, this experiment proves that space and spin of an electron is quantised and validates vector atom model.
Discussion about hydrothermal & gel growth method of crystalMostakimRahman1
1.Definition, procedure, advantage, and disadvantage of hydrothermal growth method of crystal.
2.Definition, procedure, advantage, and disadvantage of gel growth method of crystal.
Photoelectron spectroscopy
- a single photon in/ electron out process
• X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
- using soft x-ray (200-2000 eV) radiation to
examine core-levels.
• Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS)
- using vacuum UV (10-45 eV) radiation to
examine valence levels.
The experimental set up is enclosed in a highly evacuated glass vessel to avoid the deflection of silver atoms by gas. Each silver atom behaves like a magnet due to its magnetic moment resulting from spin angular momentum of its 5s1 electron. A beam of Silver atoms is passed in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The silver atoms gets deflected in the inhomogeneous magnetic field due to the unequal forces experienced by poles of each 5s1 electron of an atom and is traced in a photographic plate. The presence of two curves on photographic film confirms that electron have spins either in clockwise or anticlockwise direction. The magnitude of the spacing between the curves on photographic film agrees well with experimental result. Thus, this experiment proves that space and spin of an electron is quantised and validates vector atom model.
Discussion about hydrothermal & gel growth method of crystalMostakimRahman1
1.Definition, procedure, advantage, and disadvantage of hydrothermal growth method of crystal.
2.Definition, procedure, advantage, and disadvantage of gel growth method of crystal.
Magnetic effect of electric current of class 10th.All you need from this chapter is available here.convenient for studying this chapter of class 10 NCERT book.BEST FOR EXAMS!
Very important Chapter of physics because it contains all the important laws needed to understand concepts in physics.
And i hope it will be helpful to you
e can define motion as the change of position of an object with respect to time. A book falling off a table, water flowing from the tap, rattling windows, etc., all exhibit motion. Even the air that we breathe exhibits motion! Everything in the universe moves
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
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3.
MM is an electromagnet capable of producing a
very strong magnetic field.
Its conical pole-pieces PP have longitudinal holes
drilled through them.
A source of light (L) emitting line spectrum (say,
a sodium vapour lamp) is placed between the
polepieces.
The spectral lines are observed with the help of a
spectrograph (S) of high resolving power.
The Zeeman effect may be observed in two ways.
4.
The position of the spectral line is noted without
applying the magnetic field.
The magnetic field is now switched on and the
spectral line is viewed longitudinally through the
hole drilled in the pole-pieces and hence parallel to
the direction of the field.
It is found that the spectral line is split into two
components, one slightly shorter in wavelength
and the other slightly longer in wavelength than
the original line.
The original line is not present. The two
components are found to be symmetrically situated
about the position of the parent line.
Analysing the two lines with a Nicol prism, both
the lines are found to be circularly polarised in
opposite directions.
This is called normal longitudinal Zeeman effect.
5.
The spectral line is then viewed transversely i.e.,
perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field.
In this case, the single spectral line is split up into
three components when the magnetic field is
applied.
The central line has the same wavelength as the
original line and is plane polarised with vibrations
parallel to the field.
The outer lines are symmetrically situated on either
side of the central line.
The displacement of either outer line from the
central line is known as the Zeeman shift.
The two outer lines are also plane polarised having
vibrations in a direction perpendicular to the field.
This is called normal transverse Zeeman effect.
