Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice, is known for its remarkable properties, including high electrical, thermal, and mechanical strength, making it a significant material for future technologies. While it holds potential applications in various fields, such as ultra-capacitors and transparent electrodes, challenges remain in its commercial synthesis and safety concerns. Ongoing advancements in graphene production methods may enhance its integration into modern devices and replace existing materials.

1. AN EMERGING MATTERIAL FOR
FUTURE TECHNOLOGY
BY:
Sakti Prasanna Muduli
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2. OVERVIEW
1) What is GRAPHENE?
2) Different properties of Graphene
3) Preparation processes
4) Special about it...!!!
5) Applications
6) Drawbacks
7) Conclusion
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3. INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHENE
Graphite has layered structure of Carbon
atoms and each isolated layer is called as
Graphene. 3

4. In 2004 two physicist Andre Geim and Konstantin
Novoselov extracted single atom thick Graphene from
Graphite for first time at University of Manchester. In
2010 they were awarded with Noble Prize in Physics. 4

5. PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE
Structural
Chemical
Electronic
Optical
Thermal
Mechanical
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6. STRUCTURE
Graphene is a one-atom-thick planar sheet of
sp2-bonded carbon atoms that are densely
packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice.
C-C bond length is about 0.142nm, and
graphene sheets stack to form graphite with
inter planner spacing of 0.335nm.
It is considered as a two dimensional object.
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8. CHEMICAL
Graphene is the most reactive form of the carbon
as it has the highest surface area among other
forms of Carbon.
It burns at 350 ˚C.
OPTICAL
Monolayer Graphene absorbes 2.3% of
white light; i.e it is almost TRANSPARENT.
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9. ELECTRONIC
Graphene Sheet has :
Graphene has a remarkably high electron mobility at
room temperature
Conductivity about 106 Ω −1·cm−1
 Silver has Conductivity about 6.3*105Ω −1·cm−1
THERMAL
It has thermal conductivity about
(4400- 5780)Wm−1K −1
Which is higher than Silver, Cupper, Diamond.
A graphene coating is used to boost thermal
conductivity of Polyethylene terephalate(PET).
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10. MECHANICAL
It is the strongest material ever discovered.
The Spring constant of Graphene is higher than
graphite which makes it more rigid and stronger.
Very light i.e 0.77mg per 1sq m which is 1000
times lighter than same size of paper.
High fracture strength about 130GPa.
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11. PREPARATIONS
• Exfoliation of
graphite peel-off
method
• Colloidal
suspensions from
graphite oxide or
graphite
intercalation
compounds (GICs)
• Total Organic
Synthesis
• chemical vapour
deposition (CVD)
1,Top-down
approach
(From graphite)
2.Bottom up approach
(from carbon
precursors)
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12. INTERESTING ABOUT GRAPHENE
GRAPHENE
STRONGER
THAN
DIAMOND
MORE
FLEXIBLE
THAN
RUBBER
LIGHTER
THAN
PAPER
MORE
CONDUCTIVE
THAN Ag
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14. 1. Single Molecule gas detection
2. Ultra capacitor (Super Capacitor)
3. Graphene Biodevices
4. Replacement of Polymer nano composites
5. Transparent and Conducting Electrode
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15. 1. Single Molecule Gas Detection
Gas molecules attach themselves to graphene only
to add or take away the electrons, which results in
notable change of electrical conductance
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16. 2.Ultra Capacitors
If a graphene sheet is used to separate the electrolyte
inside a capacitor then it stores more energy than the
electrolyte only.
More no. of charged particles are accumulated on the
surface of Graphene, hence double layer is formed .
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17. Advantages of super Capacitors in comparison
to general capacitor
Long life
Rapid charging
High power storage
Act as high power battery at
discharging
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18. 3.Graphene Biodevices
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19. 4.Replacement of nanocomposites
In nano devices, Electrically and thermally
conductive nanocomposites can be replaced by
Graphene sheets
5.Transparent and Flexible electrode
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20. DRAWBACKS IN USING GREPHENE
1. There is no such industrial method for synthesis
of Graphene which prevents its commercialisation.
2. Its catalytic effect defects the metal in battery; it
needs some chemical modification.
3. Graphene sheet needs to have a substrate for use
e.g: Cellophane coating is required for use as a
transparent electrode.
4. It has cytotoxic effect.
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21. CONCLUSION
1. The quality and availability of “Synthetic graphene”
will continue to improve.
2. Science must have ample access to improve
graphene material & integrate it to the present day
gadgets.
3. As synthetic routs improve the prospects of
replacing ITO in touch screens and “Si” for
Semiconductor Industries, seems feasible.
4. Graphene is Biodegradable.
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22. REFERENCES
1. www.graphenia.com
2. www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene
3. www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk
4. www.graphenelabs.com
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