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Yoga Upanishads: A comparative study of Yogangas
- 1. A Comparative Study of Yogangas in Yoga Upanishads CHITIKILA SAIBABA RESEARCH SCHOLAR DEPT. OF YOGA & CONSCIOUSNESS ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
- 2. Introduction The word ‘Yoga’ derived from ‘Yuj’ (to yoke or join) in the Rigveda and later Panini derived it from ‘Yuj Samadhau’ (to concentrate). It means union of Jivatma with Paramatma or individual Consciousness with Universal Consciousness. The aim of Yoga is Self-realization, through the practice of Yoga can overcome all kinds of sufferings leading to 'the state of liberation' (Moksha) or ‘freedom’ (Kaivalya).
- 3. Yoga Upanishads 108 Upanishads in Mukthikopanishad Mukhya (13) Samanya (21) Sannyasa (18) Sakta (8) Vaisnava (14) Saiva (14) Yoga Upanishad (20) Yoga in Yoga Upanishads Yoga Upanishads Yogic concepts and Techniques, Vedanta Transcendental Knowledge (Brahman) Liberation (moksha)
- 5. Upanishads Yamas Niyamas Trishikibrahmana Upanishad Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacarya, Daya, Arjava, ksama, Dhrti, Mithahara and Saucha (10) Tapas, Santosa, Astikya, Dana, Isvara pujya, Siddhanta Sravana, Hri, Mati, Japa and Vrata (10) Shandilya Upanishad Darsana Upanishad Varaha Upanishad Yogatattva Upanishad It mentioned only important Yama among the ten-fold Yamas (Mithahara) It mentioned only important Niyama among the ten-fold Niyamas (Ahimsa) Mandalabrahmana Upanishad It describes the four-fold Yamas It describes the nine-fold Niyamas Tejobindu Upanishad It given only the definition of Yama and Niyama
- 6. UPANISHAD ASANAS Dhyanabinbu Upanishad Siddha, Bhadra, Simha and Padmasana Trishikibrahmana Upanishad Svastika, Gomukha, Padma, Vira, Simha, Bhadra, Mukta, mayurasana, Siddha, Sukha, Yoga, Baddha-Padma, Kukkuta, Uttanakurma, Dhanura, Matsyapithaka and Pascimatana Shandilya Upanishad Svastika, Gomukha, Padma, Vira, Simha, Bhadra, Mukta and mayurasana Darsana Upanishad Svastika, Gomukha, Padma, Vira, Simha, Bhadra, Mukta, Sukhasana and mayurasana Varaha Upanishad Cakra, Kukkuta, kurma, Svastika, Gomukha, Padma, Vira, Simha, Bhadra, Mukta and mayurasana Yogatattva Upanishad Siddha, Padma, Simha and Bhadrasana Mandalabrahmana Upanishad --- Tejobindu Upanishad siddhasana Yogacudamani Upanishad siddha and kamalasana Yoga Kundalini padma and vajrasana
- 7. Upanishad Pranayama Pratyahara Trishikibrahmana, Darsana and Varaha Rechaka, puraka and Kumbaka Eighteen Marmans Shandilya Suryabedhana, Ujjayi, Sitkara and Sitali Three types of Pratyahara Kshurika Matras and Pranava Eighteen Marmans Dhyanabindu Hamsa (A-japa) Withdrawal of I ness Yogatattva Alternate nostril with Rechaka, puraka and Kumbhaka Two types of Pratyahara Amritanada Gyathri, vyahrtis, and Pranava Withhold of mind from sensual objects Mandalabrahmana Rechaka, puraka and Kumbaka Yogacudamani Alternate nostril with Rechaka, puraka and Kumbhaka Tejobindu Rechaka, puraka and Kumbaka Seeing object in the Brahman Yoga Kundalini and Yogashika Suryabedhana, Ujjayi, Sitali and ---
- 8. Upanishad Dharana Dhyana Tejobindu and Dhyanabindu Merging of samkalpa and contemplation of Brahman “I am the Brahman” Amritanada Five Elements Trishikibrahmana, Darsana, Shandilya and Yogatattva five kinds of Dharana on the five Bhuta tattvas. Two types of Dhyana (saguna & Nirguna) Varaha It only mentioned in the list of eightfold yoga Pranayama with meditation Brahman Kshurika concentration of the mind firm and steady by inhibiting objects of desires Marmans Yogacudamani Pranayama with meditation Mandalabrahmana Supreme Consciousness Hamsa, Amritabindu, Yoga Kundalini and Yogashika --- Soham, I am Brahman, Atman and Paramatma & Adarabrahma
- 9. Upanishad Samadhi Amritanada Attainment of Supreme self Tejobindu and Trishikibrahmana Attainment of Brahman Dhyanabindu Dissolution of the triads of ideas Sandilya, Yogatattva, and Darsana Union of Jivatma and Paramatma Mandalabrahman State of absorption Yogachudamani State of Exquisite radiance Kshurika Fruits of Samadhi (cross birth and death, burning karmas etc.,) Varaha Four stages of Samadhi Brahmavidya and Yogakudalini Hamsa Mantra and videhamukthi & jivanmukthi respectively
- 10. Tyaga (Relinquishment), Mauna (Calm), Desa (Right Place), Kala (Proper Time), Mula-bandha (Fundamental Check), Deha-samya (Equilibrium of the Body), Drk-sthiti (Stability of Introspection). Taraka (Inference in conformity with the Scripture) - Amritanada Upanishad These extra seven angas only mentioned by Tejobindu Upanishad
- 11. Conclusion: Only eleven Upanishads prescribes the different folded paths like Sadanga, Astanga and Panchadasanga. Amritanada, Kshurika, Dhyanabindu and Yoga Chudamani prescribe Sadanga yoga. Yogatattva, Trishikibrahmana, Mandala Brahmana, sandilya, Darsana and varaha prescribe Astanga Yoga. Tejobindu Upanishad only describes the Panchadasanga yoga.