Basic Principles of yoga

Basic Principles of yoga

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  BASIC PRINCIPLES OF YOGA DR.SATYENDRA SINGH BNYS,MD
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  BASIC PRINCIPLES OFYOGA INTRODUCTION TO YOGA DEFINITION ORIGIN THEORY OF EVOLUTION ACCORDING TO SANKHYA ACCORDING TO YOGA THE SCHOOLS OF YOGA BHAVANA YOGA PRANASAMYAMA YOGA APPLICATIONS OF YOGA EDUCATION THERAPY STRESS MANAGEMENT SPORTS HEALTH PROMOTION BASIC PRINCIPLES OF YOGA
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  Ancient Indian artand science of healthy living . Sanskrit word - ‘YUJ’. Meaning -to join. Yujyathe Anena ithi Yogaha That which joins is yoga. Joining of individual soul(atma) with universal soul(paramatma) SEMINAR ON BASIC PRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 3
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  Various definitions ofyoga According to Maharshi Patanjali: Yoga Chitta Vrithi Nirodhaha According to Bhagwad Geeta: Samatvam Yoga Uchyathe Yoga Karmasu Kushalam According to yoga vasistha: Mana Prasamanaupayaha Yoga Ithhyabhideeyathe
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  According to ShreeAurobindo: Yoga is a methodical effort towards self perfection by the development of the potentialities latent in the individual. According to B K S IYENGAR: Yoga is an education and character building. According to Satyananda saraswati- YOGA is complete science of consciousness for physical and mental well being and even for the higher spiritual attainment. According to Katho upanishad- YOGA IS THE STEADY CONTROL OVER SENSES AND MIND. ACCORDING TO MAHADEW DESAI YOGA is the yoking of all our powers of our body , mind and soul to god. According to Swami vivekananda – YOGA is a means of compressing ones own evolution into a single life of a few months or hours of ones own bodily existence.
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  The earliest evidenceof Yoga seen is during the Pre-Vedic Harappan civilization the most ancient human civilization known dated as back as 2700 B.C. It is explained in the various texts and scriptures ◦ Pathanjali Yoga Sutras by Maharshi Pathanjali ◦ Hatha Yoga Pradipika by Swamy Swathmarama ◦ Gheranda Samhita by Gheranda ◦ Upanishads ◦ Vedas ◦ And many other texts in the ancient Indian Philosophies SEMINAR ON BASIC PRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 6
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  SAMADHI [SALVATION, MOKSHA, SUPERCONCIOUSNESS, SUPREME KNOWLEDGE] SEMINAR ON BASIC PRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 7
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   SANKHYA PHILOSOPHY YOGA PHILOSOPHY SEMINAR ON BASIC PRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 8
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  SANKHYA Among the 6Indian philosophies Sankhya can be classified as the philosophy of Personalism founded by the Sage Kapila before 200 AD. Sankhya means numbers and also means perfect knowledge. It gives us the 24 components of Evolution. The evolution takes place because of the contact between prakriti and the purusa. The purusa alone cannot create because he is inactive, and in the same manner prakriti cannot create unassisted because it is material. The contact of these two is necessary for the purpose of creation. This contact creates disturbance in the stability of the gunas of prakriti and evolution starts Samkya philosophy is similar to yoga philosophy. But in samkya philosophy’ iswara’ concept is not there.
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  SEMINAR ON BASICPRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 10 1. Hand 2. Foot 3. Tongue 4. Anus 5. Sexual Organs 1. Eyes 2. Ear 3. Tongue 4. Nose 5. Skin 1. Rasa 2. Roopa 3. Gandha 4. Sparsha 5. Shabdha 1. Earth 2. Water 3. Fire 4. Air 5. Space
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  YOGA Patanjali accepts theexistence of God ( isvara ). According to him God is the perfect supreme being who is eternal, all-pervading, omnipotent, omniscient, and omnipresent. God is that particular purusa who is unaffected by the afflictions of ignorance, egoism, desire, aversion, and fear of death. He is also free from all karma (actions), from the results of action, and from all latent impressions. Patanjali says that the individual has the same essence as God, but because of the limitations produced by afflictions and karma , one separates oneself from God- consciousness and becomes a victim of the material world. There is only one God. It is ignorance that creates duality from the one single reality called God. When ignorance is dissolved into the light of knowledge, all dualities are dissolved and full union is achieved. When one overcomes ignorance, duality dissolves and he merges with the perfect single Being.
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  Schools Of Yoga 2main schools of yoga: Bhavana yoga Pranasamyama yoga
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  SEMINAR ON BASICPRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 13 Bhavana Yoga  Karma Yoga  Bhakti Yoga  Jnana Yoga Pranasamyamana Yoga  Kundalini Yoga  Mantra Yoga  Hatha yoga  Raja Yoga
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  SEMINAR ON BASICPRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 14 Yoga of work and action According to Bhagavad-Gita- Yogaha Karmasu Koushalam Yoga is perfection in action
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  What determines thekarma of each individual? 3 things Influence of previous birth Genetic transfer Environment and personal association
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  How can onebecome free from Karma? There is only one way, and that is to realise ones own self. Each action has an equal and opposite reaction.
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  Can destiny bechanged by yoga? 2 paths Path of ignorance Path of knowledge
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  Classification of Karmayoga (time) •Sanchita Karma •Prarabdha Karma •Kriyamana / agamana Karma
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  Five Fold Karma Vedicseers divide into 5 categories Nithya Naimittika Kamya Nishiddha Prayaschitta
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  Other Classifications (mode) Threefoldclassification •Kayika Karma •Vachika Karma •Manasika Karma
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  SEMINAR ON BASICPRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 21 •Yoga of devotion •Intense love towards God (Bhakti) •9 types of Bhakti (worship) Smarana (remembrance) Sravana (hearing) Keerthana (singing) Vandana (prostration to god) Dasya (cultivating as servant) Sakya (cultivation as friend) Archana (worship) Pada Sevana (service of his feet) Athma Nivedana (complete surrender)
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  Fruits of Bhakti YALLABDHVAPUMAN SIDDHO BHAVATI, AMRITO BHAVATI, TRIPTO BHAVATI Meaning: on attaining it (this supreme love) man becomes perfect, immortal and (fully) satisfied.
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  Categories In BhaktiYoga Types of Bhakti Nishkamya Vaidhi Ragatmika Kamya
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  Jnana Yoga Jnana –wisdom, insight Jnana yoga is yoga of knowledge. It is a type of intellectual analysis. Upanishads explains- Reality can be reached by silencing all our thoughts and feeling. As we start calming down the mind, we move from gross to subtle states of the mind. The laws of inner world gets revealed. This process of getting to the very basis of intellect through analysis is called “Jnana Yoga. Kenopanishad – search for the root of any thought that arises in the mind. As the search proceeds, the intense quest replaces all other thoughts and a state of questioning, featured by keen attention, is achieved.
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  Path Of Quest Thisis documented in the upanishads with two major conclusions: Our causal state is Reality which is a state of silence and highest bliss. It is from this state that the whole universe is created and hence the state of highest knowledge and creativity.
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  Qualifications For JnanaYoga Sadhana These qualities are called “ SADHANA CHATUSTHAYA”  VIVEKA - discrimination  VAIRAGYA - dispassion  SHAT SAMPATH – six fold virtues 1. Shama - serenity of mind 2. Dama – Control of senses 3. Uparati – Renunciation of selfish actions 4. Titiksha – Capacity to endure pairs of opposites 5. Shraddha – Faith in God or self within 6. Samadhana – Tranquil flow of mind to God  MUMUKSHATWA – burning aspiration for god realisation
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  Practises In JnanaYoga SHRAVANA - listening MANANA - reflection NIDIDHYASANA - meditation AATMA SAAKSHATKARA – self realisation
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  Obstacles In ThePath Of Jnana Yoga Laya ( sleep) Vikshepa ( distraction of the mind) Kashay (presence of subtle complexes) Rasaswada ( enjoying the bliss of lower Samadhi.)
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  Laya – sleepor laziness. Types of laya : Physical sleep Psychological sleep Remedies for the cause of laya: Should create good impression Practise manana Should practise abhayasa and vairagya Practise certain Hatha yoga techniques Promote creativity in life.
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  Vikshepa– mental distraction symptomsof Chitta Vikshepa according to Patanjali Vyadhi – illness Stayana – langour Samshaya – doubt Pramada – carelessness Alaysa- sloth
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  Avirati- wordly mindedness Brantidarshana-hallucination Anavasthi Tatva- instability They should be overcomed with patience, effort and clear understanding of the self.
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  Kashaya and Rasaswadha Herethe person is not affected by laya or vikshepa but lingers on the joys of lower Samadhi. When the person enjoys the bliss of lower Samadhi and is unable to proceed further, he becomes entranced by higher powers and cant continue his journey to self. This state should be overcome or else he wont be able to go on further.
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  Kundalini Yoga Called bypractitioners "the yoga of awareness“. •Arousing the Dominant energy residing in Mooladhara Chakra •There are 7 Chakras  Mooladhara- base of the Spine  Swadhistana- 2 inches below the naval  Manipura- at the level of naval  Anahata- at the centre of chest  Vishuddhi- related to the thyroid gland  Ajna- in between eyebrows  Sahasrara- at the top of the head
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  Kundalini yoga • DehaShuddhi by Kriyas, Manas Shuddhi by Bandhas & Mudras, Buddhi Shuddhi, Gnana Shuddhi are required to create balance between the 3 Nadis- Ida, Pingala & Sushumna • Shushumna opens when Ida & Pingala are Balanced and the Kundalini is awakened SEMINAR ON BASIC PRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 34
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  Hatha Yoga Ha –Pingala nadi or sun principle Tha – Ida nadi or moon principle Hatha is balance between Pingala and Ida Nadi is Pranic Energy channel or passage
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  SEMINAR ON BASICPRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 36 • Science of Self Illumination by Self Purification. • It is explained by Swamy Swathmarama in the Hatha Yoga Pradipika and the Gheranda Samhita by Gheranda • Practical Yoga Practice, Suitable for all • Bodily Purification first with the practice of Shatkarmas, Pranayama, Asanas, Bandhas, Mudras and later Mental Practices.
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  Mantra Yoga Definition: It isa repeated word or phrase, prayer or chants. Mantra – Sanskrit word ‘manas’ –mind ‘ tria’ – protect Therefore Mantra in literal sense means ‘free from the mind’. Mantra is that which saves the mind from itself, or leads to salvation. It belongs to the 5th stage in astanga yoga (pratyahara). Mantra is sound that empowers the mind or that is empowered by the mind. It is a vehicle of meditative transformation.
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  Benefits of usinga Mantra Improves the power of concentration, attention Controls the emotions develops the love that awaken the further level of consciousness. Mind becomes free from worries, loneliness and fear. Control the anger and disappointment
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  Mantra And Healing Mantracan have a healing effect by releasing the emotions and bringing a state of calmness and deep relaxation both in the chanter and in any one listening. Example: chanting the mantra ‘AHAM BRAHMASMI’ meaning I am Brahman. When a person chants this mantra repeatedly he or she will think the same leading to positive thinking and there will be little room to sickness at any level- physical, mental or emotional.
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  Laya Yoga Laya Yogais an ancient form of meditation, with concentration on energy centers or chakras.  Laya Yoga is a form of Yoga that focuses on listening to Nada, or internal sounds, which can be heard even with closed ears. Laya Yoga focuses on mantras, mudras, yantras, and mandalas during practice. Sage Gorakshnatha Rishi is the founder of Modern Laya yoga. Laya yoga is different from other traditional yoga because it focuses on meditation and brings the absorption of the mind in sound.  It calms the nervous system by focusing on the sounds within the body. The spiritual goal of Laya Yoga is to achieve Ananda state, which is described as a state of peaceful bliss and ultimate happiness
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  Raja Yoga •Also calledas Ashtanga Yoga explained in the Patanjali Yoga Sutras •He explains the details of the science of yoga as: Yogah Chittavritti nirodha. Yoga is the cessation of movements in the consciousness.
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  SEMINAR ON BASICPRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 42 • Chitta is made up of 3 components. • Manas, Buddhi, Ahankara. • Manas(mind) is the modification of the impression gathered by the senses from the external world. • Buddhi(Intellect) is the modification of these impressions & the reaction to them. • Ahankara(ego) is the modification of the inner organ, which claims these impressions as its own & stress them up as individual knowledge.
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  SEMINAR ON BASICPRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 43 Forms of Chitta. Chitta is the nature of the 3 gunas. It remains changing due to its preponderance. 1. Prakchya: Chitta is the predominated by satva & the tamas. 2. Pravritti: when Tamas becomes weak & The chitta is predominated by Rajas, it appears as enlightened. 3. Sthithi: As the Rajas is subordinated the chitta gets established in its own form and attains discriminating reason.
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  SEMINAR ON BASICPRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 44 There are several causes of disturbances in the chitta, like disease, false knowledge, inactivity, carelessness etc; due to these disturbances in the chitta sufferings follow. Avidya or ignorance breeds false knowledge & false knowledge breeds Kleshas of 5 types 1. Avidya: impure not self. 2. Asmita: False conception 3. Raga: seeking for temporal pleasures. 4. Dvesa: Anger in the means of suffering . 5. Abhinivesha: Fear of death.
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  EIGHT LIMBS OFYOGA- Ashtanga Yoga To get rid of these Kleshas ,the chitta must be controlled and concentrated. Patanjali prescribed 8 sadhanas for this purpose 1. Yama 2. Niyama 3. Asana 4. Pranayama 5. Prathyahara 6. Dharana 7. Dhyana 8. Samadhi
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  SEMINAR ON BASICPRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 46 Education Therapy Stress Management Sports Health Promotion Religion
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  SEMINAR ON BASICPRINCIPLES OF YOGA- DR. ABHAY M. SHANKARGOUDA 47 The Adhis lead to Vyadhi and Yoga believes in righteous living by correcting the five sheaths of human existence thus correcting the imbalances- Psychosomatic Theory of Disease, Psycho-neuro-immunology, Panchakosha Theory, Integrated Approach of Yogic Therapy (IAYT)
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  Health management Yoga helpsin promotion of positive health. Annamaya Kosha Praanaamaya Kosha Manomaya Kosha Vijnanamaya Kosha Anandamaya Kosha
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  Basic principles ofyoga Four basic principles underlie the teachings and practices of yoga's healing system. The first principle is the human body is a holistic entity comprised of various interrelated dimensions inseparable from one another and the health or illness of any one dimension affects the other dimensions. The second principle is individuals and their needs are unique and therefore must be approached in a way that acknowledges this individuality and their practice must be tailored accordingly. The third principle is yoga is self-empowering; the student is his or her own healer. Yoga engages the student in the healing process; by playing an active role in their journey toward health, the healing comes from within, instead of from an outside source and a greater sense of autonomy is achieved. The fourth principle is that the quality and state of an individuals mind is crucial to healing. When the individual has a positive mind-state healing happens more quickly, whereas if the mind-state is negative, healing may be prolonged. Exploring the therapeutic effects of yoga and its ability to increase quality of lifeCatherine Woodyard
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