This document discusses various yoga breathing techniques (pranayama) and their effects on the respiratory system. It provides definitions and origins of yoga, describes different types of yoga including Hatha and Iyengar, and outlines several pranayama techniques including Bhastrika, Kapalabhati, Ujjayi, Bhramari, and Anuloma Viloma. Studies are summarized that show pranayama can improve parameters like peak expiratory flow rate, lung function, and respiratory muscle strength while also providing benefits like stress reduction. Precautions and contraindications for certain techniques are also mentioned.

1. The Effect Of Yoga On The Respiratory
System

2. Definition
• The word yoga (in Sanskrit) means “to
unite” or “to join.”
• system of exercises for mental and physical
health

3. Yoga origin
• Yoga was developed in Northern
India over 5,000 years ago
• Iyengar was the founder of the style
of yoga known as "Iyengar Yoga" and
was considered one of the foremost
yoga teachers in The world.

4. Types of yoga
• Restorative: soothing and relaxing, a nap on the couch With as
few as five poses in one class.
• ideal for injury or stress rehab.
• Ananda Yoga: Proper alignment, stretching and controlled
breathing are used to:
• *promote the flexibility needed to sit in the Lotus position
• Power Yoga: The asanas (poses)include non-traditional yoga
poses like push-ups and handstands without pause.
• * produces sweat, and builds power, endurance, flexibility and
gives more aerobic benefits than any other style of Yoga.

5. Yoga benefits
• *relax the body and help improve musculoskeletal
fitness.
• yoga combines breathing techniques with poses that
reduce stress:
• promote blood flow, flexibility and mental focus.
• It has been shown to ease everything from chronic
lower-back pain and chronic inflammation
• It enhances Mental flexibility, information recall

6. Yoga during pregnancy: Effects on maternal
comfort, labor pain and birth outcomes
• Aime: to examined the effects of a yoga program during
pregnancy, on maternal comfort, labor pain, and birth
outcomes.
• Method: randomized trial was conducted
“74”primigr
avida thai
women
Expermintal
group
Control
group
Complementary Therapies in
Clinical Practice, 2008-05-01

7. • The yoga program involved six, 1-h sessions at
prescribed weeks of gestation.
• A variety of instruments were used to assess
maternal comfort, labor pain and birth outcomes.

8. Result
• The experimental group was found to:
1. have higher levels of maternal comfort during labor and 2 h post-
labor
2. experienced less subject evaluated labor pain than the control
group
3. have a shorter duration of the first stage of labor, as well as the
total time of labor.
• *No differences were found, between the groups, regarding
pethidine usage, labor augmentation or newborn Apgar scores at 1
and 5 min.

9. Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training and Yoga Breathing
Exercises on Respiratory Muscle Function in Institutionalized
Frail Older Adults:Randomized control trial
• Purpose: To evaluate the effects of inspiratory threshold
training (ITT) and yoga respiratory training (YRT) on RM
function in institutionalized frail older adults.
• Method:Eighty-one residents (90% women; mean age, 85
years), who were unable to perform WBET were randomly
assigned to a control group or one of the 2 experimental
groups (ITT or YRT).
Issue: Volume 37(2), April/June 2014, p 65–75
Copyright: Copyright © 2014 the Section on Geriatrics
of the American Physical Therapy Association

10. 81 women
threshold
inspiratory muscle
training device
yoga breathing
exercises
lasted 6 weeks (5 days per
week).

11. • Outcom were collected at 4 time points *pretraining
• *intermediate
• * posttraining
• *follow-up
• It included [MIP] ,[MEP] and [MVV].

12. • Results: 71 residents completed the study: control (n = 24);
ITT (n = 23); YRT (n = 24).
• The treatment on had a significant effect on MIP YRT ( P <
.001), MEP( P < .001), and MVV (P < .001).
• Conclusion: Yoga respiratory training appears to be an
effective and well-tolerated exercise regimen in frail older
adults and may therefore be a useful alternative to ITT to
improve RM function in older population, when WBET is not
possible.

13. Three Reasons To Breath Right
1- Happiness + emotional stability
• As much as 40 %
• Anger, fear, joy and sadness
• Instruction to feel joy : inhale& exhale slowly and deeply” ujjayi”
2- Weight loss:
• Inc. leptin : a hormone produces by fat tissue that signals the brain to
inhibit hunger
3-Better exercise stamina
• A study compared a group of mountaineers
• Slow breathing : 1 hour/day * 2 year
• No need for O2 supply
• 70% of lung surface area

14. Nasal cleansing
warm and
salted water
or
Hypertonic
saline
Inserted
to one
nostril
Wow +
Simple
A
special
neti pot

15. The Effect
 Alleviate congestion. Facial pain and pressure
 Researchers found nasal cleansing with the
standard treatment can relieve sinus
symptom
 Some without!

16. The Mechanism
• It thins mucus and help flush it out
• Increase the speed and improve cilia in
removing the allergens

17. Bhastrika
• It means bellow breathing
• Fast deep breathing where air is pulled in
and expelled out like bellow

18. How to do it:
 Set in calm place, close your eyes and concentrate
 Relax your shoulder, take few deep full breath from
abdomen (fill your lung)
 Exhale forcefully through nose , inhale force and deep
at one/sec
 Breath from diaphragm “ your belly moves in and out.
 3-4 rounds
 Breath normally after 10

20. Cont.
 randomize controlled trails
 Evaluate changes in PFT after performing Bhastrika
 In ayurved college and hospital in india

21. Inclusion criteria
• 60 sample was in both sex (36M, 24F)
Healthy respiratory system
20-50 years
Able to perform pranayama dialy for 1 hr

22. Exclusion criteria
Pregnant woman
Smokers and alcoholic
DM, RF, CAD
Opposite that on inclusion

23. Cont.
• Each cessation was of 60 min. dialy with trained
instructor for 12 wk
•

24. Result
• Bhastrika did cause significant change in HR, RR, BP
and PFT

26. conclusion
• Pranayama exercises are beneficial for better
maintenance even in normal healthy

27. Bhramari Pranayama
(Humming Bee Breath)
• The Bhramari Pranayama consists in making
a deep, soft humming bee-like sound while
exhaling.

28. Techniques of Brahmari
 Duration.
• eleven to twenty times a day
• “best done for 2-3 minutes”.
 How to Perform it..
• Begin in any comfortable seated pose .
• Raise your arms up with the elbows out and block your ears by placing
the tips of your thumbs over the ears. “Do not apply any pressure”.
• Place the index fingers above your eyebrows on your forehead.

29. • The two middle fingers should be placed over your closed eyes.
• The little fingers should be against the sides of your nostrils.
• Inhale deeply and fill the lungs with air.
• Exhale slowly through both nostrils. “Keep your mouth closed”.
• As you exhale, make a low humming sound. “continuous and as loud and
clear as possible”
• The humming will cause vibrations that will be felt on the top of your
head.
• As you practice this breathing technique, you should be aware of a sense
of calm descending over you.
• Focus your awareness on your forehead and the sides of your head.

30. Sinus infection or nasal congestion..
A more forceful medium- to high-pitched sound
might be a better choice to open the passageways.
Stressed out..
Use the silent variation, at work or in public, so no
one around you knows what you’re doing.
Insomnia + anxiety..
A quiet, low-pitched sound, could be soothing to
the nervous system and mind.

32.  the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of
Bhramari pranayama on pulmonary function in
healthy individuals.
 They do it for the duration of 10 min/day for the
period of 6 days/week for 2 weeks.

33. • The result showed :
• significant improvement in (PEF), (SVC),
(FEV1) (FEF)25% and (MVV) along with a
significant reduction in weight.

35. • Aim: To study the effect of breathing exercises
(pranayama) in patients with bronchial asthma of
mild to moderate severity.

36. Materials and Methods
breathing exercises (deep
breathing,Bhramari, and
Omkara, etc.)
meditation
*Subjective
assessment
*FEV1%
* PEFR
were done in
each case
initially and
after 12 weeksgroup B
“control
group”
group A

37. • Results
• After 12 weeks, group A subjects had significant
improvement in symptoms, FEV1, and PEFR as
compared to group B subjects.

38. • Conclusion
• Breathing exercises (pranayama), mainly expiratory
exercises, improved lung function and should be
regular part of therapy.

39. Ujjayi Pranayama
• When practicing Ujjayi, you completely fill your
lungs, while slightly contracting your throat, and
breathe through your nose.
• It is also sometimes called “Ocean Breath”

40. How to do it: ”five minutes”
1. Begin seated in a comfortable position “Relax your
body and gently close your eyes. Let your mouth
drop open slightly. Relax your jaw and your tongue”.
2. Inhale and exhale deeply through your mouth.
3. On your exhalations, slightly contract the back of
your throat (Softly whisper the sound, “ahhh,”)

41. • 4. As you become comfortable with your
exhalations, maintain the slight constriction of the
throat on your inhalations, as well. You will notice
your breath making an “ocean” sound
• 5. begin breathing only through your nose. Keep
the same constriction in your throat as you did
when your mouth was open.
CONT..

42. Why We Use Ujjayi Breath in
Yoga?
• getting rid of phlegm
• Dust particles will be removed from the lungs itself.
• This breathing technique is especially useful for
people who suffer from chronic obstructive lung
conditions or asthma.

43. perform Pranayam in the right way will increase
airflow in the lungs.
Asthma patients who practice it regularly, notice a
dramatic reduction in attacks.

44. Hanan altawal

45. Definition
• It is a yogic breathing technique that releases stress
and toxins from the mind and body.
• It consists of a series of forceful exhalations followed
by passive inhalations

46. It is called
• cleansing breath
• kapalbhati
• skull shining breath
• frontal brain purification
• "Kapal" means the skull ( here skull includes all the organs under the skull too )
• "bhati" means polishing or shining.

47. Cont.
• Kapalbhati has a remarkable effect as a de-stressing
tool
• "Kapalbhati", as the name suggests, is a method to
make the head "sparkling clean" and devoid of
toxins.

48. Benefits
• This cleansing breath helps release:-
– negativity
– energize the body..
– stress
– depression in a minute!

49. Contraindication
– cardiac problems
– nasal obstruction
– cold any severe respiratory infection
– high blood pressure
– diabetes
– abdominal ulcers

50. Method
Although, it’s simple, it is important that it is done
properly

51. The difference
Normal breathing
• Active inspiration
• Passive exhalation
Kapalbhati
• Passive inspiration
• Active exhalation
• nerve impulses ??

52. •Sit in a comfortable position with
spine erect.
•sit either cross-legged or in any
position that you feel comfortable
Position
•Breath normally for about a minute
Breath •Now exhaling suddenly and quickly
through both nostrils, producing a
"puffing" sound.
•Don't focus on inhalation. It will be
automatic and passive.
•The air should exhaled completely
from the lungs with a sudden, vigorous
stroke while simultaneously drawing
inwards the abdominal muscles.
Exhale

53. •the chest should
be kept still without
expansion or
contraction.
Chest ✖️
•Only the
diaphragm is used
for breathing and
not the upper chest
Diaphragm
•the abdominal
muscles will relax
automatically
Abdominal
muscles

55. Physiologic effects
heat respiratory
system!
Asthma
patients!
Muscles
Strength
abdominal,
respiratory
respiratory
system!
increases
exchange

56. • Aim:-
– to find the effect of pranayama on pulmonary functions in medical
students.
• Result :-
– They found that it improves respiratory and abdominal muscles.
HOW??
• the training of the stretch receptors in the respiratory muscles, chest
wall and also walls of the alveoli support the breath holding
• Abdominal breathing uses the diaphragm and performs respiration with
least effort.
• reducing muscle tone of respiratory muscles
• While, chest breathing utilizes intercostal muscles. It is less efficient
• chest and lungs inflate and deflate to fullest possible extent and muscles
are made to work to maximal extent
Effect of Pranayama and Suryanamaskar on Pulmonary
Functions in Medical Students
J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Dec; 8(12): BC04–BC06.
Published online 2014 Dec 5.
doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/10281.5344
PMCID: PMC4316242

57. Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences (SAJB) Sch. Acad. J. Biosci., 2013; 1(4):111-
114
©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher
(An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources)
Effect of 6 Weeks of Kapalabhati
Pranayama Training on Peak Expiratory
Flow Rate in Young, Healthy, Volunteers

58. • Aim : The aim of our study is to find out the beneficial effects 6
weeks of Kapalabhati pranayama training on peak expiratory flow
rate.
• N:- 60 young, healthy volunteers of both genders
• Method:- started with 30 times for 1 min and increased to 5
minutes/day, twice daily, thrice/week for 6weeks. Baseline
recordings of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) were recorded using
Peak Flow Meter (Pulmonary Peak) before and after the pranayama
training.
• Result :- results showed a significant difference in peak expiratory
flow rate when compared with the values at baseline

59. Anuloma vioma

60. Definition
• called Anuloma Viloma or Alternate Nostril
Breathing Technique.
• In this Breathing Technique, you inhale through
one nostril, retain the breath, and exhale through
the other nostril.

61. Purpose
• The purpose of the Alternate Nostril Breathing is
to balance the physical energy and mental energy.
• It is recommended for all types of problems..

62. Advantages
• Purification of the energy channels
• It removes toxins from the body.
• It can reduce weight in some practitioners
• overall health of the body.
• balance the flow of (vital energy) in the body.
• balances the activity of both hemispheres of the brain.
– Every two hours the activity of the brain shifts from one
hemisphere to the other.

63. Cont.
• Proper supply of O2 is ensured and CO2 is effectively
removed.
• Blood is purified of toxins.
• Very effective for stress management.
• Helps reducing the anxiety, depression and other
mental illnesses.
• Also it reduces hyperactive disorders related to mind.

64. Disadvantages
• it has no side effects more than medications if its done
properly.
• But, if done improperly, it may create diseases, which cannot
be cured easily even through medical treatment
• It is an advanced practice (esp. when done with retention of
breath). It has to be learned from a yoga expert.

65. Contraindications
• Those suffering from heart diseases
• They may do the Anulom Vilom pranayama
without holding the breath.

66. Be aware!!
• consult a doctor if you have any medical condition before taking up the
practice.
• It should be done on an empty stomach OR 4 hours after the last meal.
• Avoid practicing with retention of breath when the temperature is
hot.???? Be
• If you feel little bit of discomfort then you can reduce the ratio of
breathing.
• Please do not rush to increase the proportions, as it will not help, but
trying to practice easy ratio (4:6 seconds) for little more time may help.

67. methodposition
•sitting up straight
•comfortable
•cross-legged
inhale •deeply
exhale •completely
Inhale through the left nostril
•closing the right with the thumb
•Count for 4 sec.
Hold the breath
•closing both nostrils
•count for 4 sec.
Exhale through the right
nostril
•closing the left nostril
•count to 4 sec.
Inhale through the right
nostril
•closing the left with the
thumb
•Count for 4 sec.
Hold the breath •closing both nostrils
•count for 4 sec.
Exhale through the left nostril
•closing the right nostril
•count to 4 sec

68. • IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-
JDMS)
e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861. Volume 9, Issue
1 (Jul.- Aug. 2013), PP 01-05 www.iosrjournals.org
Effect of Yogic Exercise on
Selected Pulmonary Function
Tests in Apparently Healthy
Elderly Subjects

69. • Aim:-
– A case control study was done to find out the effects of simple yogic
exercise programs (Bhastika Pranayama, Kapal Bhati Pranayama, Bahya
Pranayama, Anulom Vilom Pranayama ) on selected pulmonary
function tests
• N :-
– forty elderly individuals of both sexes, between 50 and 70 years of
age, with no active medical disorders.
• Result :-
– There was definite improvement of ventilatory functions as revealed
by significant increase in FVC, FEV1 and PEFR that was measured after
6 weeks. (P<0.05)

70. Published in
June 2015

71. • The study aims to assess the effects of pranayama
yoga practice on lung functions in patients with
Asthma

72. Materials and Method
• This study was carried out on 50 patients diagnosed to
contact with bronchial asthma within more than a year
• Intervention group practiced pranayama yoga (Ujjayi
pranayama, Bhastrika pranayama, Anuloma – Viloma
pranayama, Kapalbhati pranayama, Bahaya pranayama,
Bhramari pranayama, and meditation OM) 30 minute/day
for three months.

73. Fifty patients
Intervention (yoga)
group included
twenty-four patients
Control group
included twenty-five
patients

74. • After three months with yoga training in the
intervention grop, patients suffering from bronchial
asthma showed significant improvements in some
respiratory indicators such as FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC,
PEFR.
• Pranayama yoga is beneficial to improve pulmonary
functions of patients contacted with bronchial asthma
The result:

75. Published in
2012

76. • The study aims to measure the effect of yogic
exercises in a group of COPD patients by measuring
pulmonary function tests along with diffusion
capacity.

77. Materials and Method
• The study was on 60 diagnosed patients of mild and moderate COPD
patients
• Patients were asked to perform yoga exercises for 40-50 min
everyday for 2 months.
• Yoga includes pranayama (30-35 min) Bhastrika, Anulom
vilom,Kapalbhati, Bhramari
• asanas (10 min) Surya Namaskar,Tadasana, Sukhasana,
Paschimotanasana, Shavasana ,
• meditation (10 min)

78. sixty patients
Intervention (yoga)
group included
thirty patients
Control group
included thirty
patients
Mild
COPD
Mild
COPD
Moderate
COPD
Moderate
COPD

79. The result:
• We conclude that yoga, especially the pranayamic
breathing exercises when used adjunctively with
standard pharmacological treatment, can significantly
improve TLCO in yoga with mild-to-moderate grades of
COPD.

80. Resourses:
•http://yoga.org.nz/benefits/physiological_benefits/yoga_asthma.htm
•http://www.indianetzone.com/42/yoga_bronchitis.htm
•http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3410191/
•http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3482773/
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3017963/
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4097894/
• http://www.yogawiz.com/articles/83/yoga-breathing-
pranayama/brahmari.html#continued
• http://yogawithsubhash.com/2010/11/16/bhramari-humming-bee-pranayama/
• http://www.yogaoutlet.com/guides/how-to-practice-ujjayi-breath-in-yoga
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4316242/
• http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jdms/papers/Vol9-issue1/A0910105.pdf

81. Prepared by: