Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, or ropemaking. It can be made of a number of natural or synthetic materials and comes in various colours and thicknesses (referred to as "weights").
This document provides information about various processes in yarn manufacturing, including blow room, carding, draw frame, combing, speed frame, and ring frame. It defines key terms, describes machine components and their functions, and explains the processes that occur at each stage of yarn production to transform raw fibers into yarn. Flow charts are included to illustrate the inputs, machines, and outputs at each stage of the yarn manufacturing process.
The document provides information on various processes involved in yarn production including carded yarn production, combed yarn production, rotor yarn production, and jute yarn manufacturing. It includes flow charts showing the input, process, machine, and output for each type of yarn production. It also describes processes like bale management, mixing, blending, ginning, blowroom, carding, draw frame, and jute processing steps.
The document discusses the key processes involved in yarn production, including:
1. Spinning preparatory processes like bale opening, cleaning, and mixing of fibers.
2. Carding to separate and align fibers into slivers.
3. Drawing to further mix and homogenize slivers.
4. Optional combing to remove short fibers for finer yarns.
5. Main spinning systems like ring spinning and open-end spinning to draft and twist fibers into yarn.
6. Winding yarn into packages for further processing or use in textiles.
This document provides information about various machines used in the spinning section of textile engineering. It includes flow charts that outline the processes and machines used to produce carded, combed, and rotor yarns. Key machines discussed include blow room, carding, draw frame, and ring frame. It also covers bale management, mixing, blending, ginning, and the functions of blow room and carding machines.
The document discusses the draw frame process and its components. A draw frame is used to improve the quality and evenness of carded sliver by straightening fibers, increasing parallelization and reducing weight variations. It works by drafting (attenuating) multiple input slivers through roller pairs to produce a single, more uniform output sliver. Key components include the drafting arrangement, which applies different levels of draft, and an auto-leveling system to compensate for input weight variations and maintain consistent output. The document provides details on draw frame components, working principles, objectives and the influence of drafting and doubling on sliver quality.
The document provides information about various types of man-made and staple fibres as well as processes involved in yarn manufacturing from raw cotton to finished yarn. It discusses blowroom, carding, drawing, combing and roving processes that process raw cotton into roving. It then describes the ring spinning process which drafts, twists and winds the roving into yarn. The key objectives of each process are to clean, parallelize, and attenuate the fibres to produce a uniform input for the next stage until a finished yarn is obtained.
The document summarizes the key steps in yarn production from blow room to post-spinning processes. In the blow room, opening, cleaning, and blending operations prepare fiber tufts for carding. Carding further individualizes and aligns fibers to form slivers. Draw frames improve material evenness and parallelize fibers. Combing removes short fibers and impurities. Roving frames draft and twist slivers to form rovings. Ring and rotor spinning systems draft, twist, and wind rovings into yarns. Post-spinning processes include winding yarns onto larger packages and plying to improve smoothness. The document outlines objectives and components of each major process step in yarn manufacturing
This document provides information about various processes in yarn manufacturing, including blow room, carding, draw frame, combing, speed frame, and ring frame. It defines key terms, describes machine components and their functions, and explains the processes that occur at each stage of yarn production to transform raw fibers into yarn. Flow charts are included to illustrate the inputs, machines, and outputs at each stage of the yarn manufacturing process.
The document provides information on various processes involved in yarn production including carded yarn production, combed yarn production, rotor yarn production, and jute yarn manufacturing. It includes flow charts showing the input, process, machine, and output for each type of yarn production. It also describes processes like bale management, mixing, blending, ginning, blowroom, carding, draw frame, and jute processing steps.
The document discusses the key processes involved in yarn production, including:
1. Spinning preparatory processes like bale opening, cleaning, and mixing of fibers.
2. Carding to separate and align fibers into slivers.
3. Drawing to further mix and homogenize slivers.
4. Optional combing to remove short fibers for finer yarns.
5. Main spinning systems like ring spinning and open-end spinning to draft and twist fibers into yarn.
6. Winding yarn into packages for further processing or use in textiles.
This document provides information about various machines used in the spinning section of textile engineering. It includes flow charts that outline the processes and machines used to produce carded, combed, and rotor yarns. Key machines discussed include blow room, carding, draw frame, and ring frame. It also covers bale management, mixing, blending, ginning, and the functions of blow room and carding machines.
The document discusses the draw frame process and its components. A draw frame is used to improve the quality and evenness of carded sliver by straightening fibers, increasing parallelization and reducing weight variations. It works by drafting (attenuating) multiple input slivers through roller pairs to produce a single, more uniform output sliver. Key components include the drafting arrangement, which applies different levels of draft, and an auto-leveling system to compensate for input weight variations and maintain consistent output. The document provides details on draw frame components, working principles, objectives and the influence of drafting and doubling on sliver quality.
The document provides information about various types of man-made and staple fibres as well as processes involved in yarn manufacturing from raw cotton to finished yarn. It discusses blowroom, carding, drawing, combing and roving processes that process raw cotton into roving. It then describes the ring spinning process which drafts, twists and winds the roving into yarn. The key objectives of each process are to clean, parallelize, and attenuate the fibres to produce a uniform input for the next stage until a finished yarn is obtained.
The document summarizes the key steps in yarn production from blow room to post-spinning processes. In the blow room, opening, cleaning, and blending operations prepare fiber tufts for carding. Carding further individualizes and aligns fibers to form slivers. Draw frames improve material evenness and parallelize fibers. Combing removes short fibers and impurities. Roving frames draft and twist slivers to form rovings. Ring and rotor spinning systems draft, twist, and wind rovings into yarns. Post-spinning processes include winding yarns onto larger packages and plying to improve smoothness. The document outlines objectives and components of each major process step in yarn manufacturing
This document provides information about draw frames and their purpose and function. It can be summarized as follows:
1) Draw frames are machines that combine, blend, level, and attenuate slivers through a series of roller pairs to improve sliver quality and evenness. This helps produce higher quality yarn.
2) The key objectives of draw frames are to equalize and parallelize fibers, blend slivers, and remove dust. This straightens and aligns fibers to improve uniformity.
3) Draw frames are necessary to parallelize fibers in carded slivers and blend the slivers. They help straighten fibers from their hooked shape into a parallel arrangement.
The document discusses the process of cotton yarn spinning from start to finish. It begins with the cotton fiber growing in bolls on the cotton plant. The fibers then undergo various cleaning and preparation processes. The main steps of yarn spinning involve blowroom preparation, carding, drawing, combing (optional), roving, ring spinning, and cone winding. Each step performs important functions like opening, cleaning, drafting, twisting, and winding the fibers into yarns of increasing fineness and uniformity ready for further textile manufacturing. Ring spinning is described as the most common method and produces strong, fine yarns suitable for many applications.
This document provides information about AKM Sahedujjaman, a student of textile engineering at City University in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It then discusses various textile processes like combing, lap formation, simplex/roving frame, ring frame. Key details covered include objectives, functions, calculations and common issues for each process. Recent developments in simplex machines and factors considered for traveller selection in ring frames are also summarized.
1. A draw frame is a machine that combines, draws out, and levels sliver fibers to prepare them for spinning.
2. It performs several key functions including straightening, paralleling, blending, and removing irregularities from slivers of fibers like cotton.
3. The main actions involved are equalizing, parallelizing, blending, and dust removal through drafting, doubling, and drawing out the slivers between pairs of rollers that increase in speed.
This document summarizes the key differences between ring spinning and rotor spinning systems. Rotor spinning is a more recent open-end spinning method that introduces twist without requiring package rotation. It has higher productivity and handles larger packages than ring spinning. While rotor yarn is weaker, it has better evenness and abrasion resistance. The document provides details on the rotor spinning process and machine parts and compares performance characteristics of ring and rotor yarns.
This document provides an overview of the cotton combing process. It discusses that combing removes short fibers to produce higher quality yarn. There are various types of combers that perform this process. Combing results in yarn that is softer, finer, and smoother than carded yarn due to the removal of short fibers and impurities. However, combing also increases costs and fiber loss compared to carding. The document outlines the various steps and operations involved in combing cotton fibers to produce combed yarn.
This document provides an overview of the cotton combing process. It discusses that combing removes short fibers to produce higher quality yarn. There are various types of combers that perform this process. Combing results in yarn that is softer, finer, and smoother than carded yarn due to the removal of short fibers and impurities. However, combing also increases costs and fiber loss compared to carding. The document outlines the various steps in the combing process and types of applications where combing is commonly used.
This document compares ring spinning and rotor spinning methods of yarn formation. It discusses that rotor spinning is a more recent method that omits the step of forming a roving. In rotor spinning, fibers are fed into a rotary beater and deposited onto the sides of a rotating disc called a rotor, where they are twisted without requiring package rotation. Rotor spinning allows for higher twisting speeds with lower power usage compared to ring spinning. It provides characteristics like higher productivity, larger sliver/package sizes, less power consumption, and more automation/flexibility. The document provides details on the parts of a rotor spinning machine and compares various parameters of ring-spun and rotor-spun yarns.
The document discusses drafting in textile manufacturing. It defines drafting as reducing the mass per unit length of sliver by passing it over rotating rollers of increasing speed. The drafting process involves three stages - break draft, main draft, and tension draft. In the main draft stage, where the bulk of drafting occurs, methods like aprons and pressure bars are used to control fibers. A roving frame inserts twist and winds the roving onto bobbins after drafting. Calculations are provided to determine the ratch, or distance between rollers, based on parameters like roller diameter, winding rate, and angular velocity. Drafting results in fibers becoming more compact and chemically stable with improved strength and lower moisture absorption.
This document summarizes the key machinery used in the spinning process. It begins with an overview of the spinning process and major machine types. It then provides details on the functions and operations of the major machines in the blowroom (opening, cleaning and mixing fibers), carding (parallelizing fibers), drawing (blending and drafting slivers), combing (removing short fibers), roving (reducing linear density), ring spinning (drafting and twisting yarn), and winding (packaging yarn). It concludes with brief discussions of other spinning methods, yarn conditioning, waste generation and recycling, and safety issues.
This document discusses the objectives, operating principles, and components of a draw frame used in yarn production. The main objectives of a draw frame are equalizing fiber distribution, parallelizing fibers, blending fibers, and removing dust. It operates by drafting multiple sliver feeds together using roller pairs with differential speeds. Key components discussed include the creel, drafting arrangement, dust removal, coiling, and monitoring/auto-leveling systems.
1. The document discusses carding, which is the process of untangling fibers and removing impurities to form a web. It defines carding and describes the objectives of carding such as opening fibers, eliminating impurities, and forming slivers.
2. The types of actions that occur in a carding machine are described, including carding action, stripping action, and doffing action. The working principles of revolving flat and roller carding machines are also outlined.
3. Carding is called the "heart of spinning" because it produces slivers of fiber in a more or less uniform state that are suitable for subsequent spinning processes.
1. The document discusses various topics related to textiles including definitions of textiles, types of fabrics, weaving, yarn preparation, winding, packages, tension devices, and more.
2. Weaving is the process of interlacing warp and weft threads to produce fabric, while yarn preparation involves processes like winding yarn onto packages to facilitate weaving.
3. There are different types of packages for storing yarn including cones, cheeses, and pirns, and packages can be wound and driven in various ways like direct or indirect driving.
1. The document discusses various topics related to textiles including definitions of textiles, types of fabrics, weaving, yarn preparation, winding, packages, tension devices, and more.
2. Weaving is the process of interlacing warp and weft threads to produce fabric, while yarn preparation involves processes like winding yarn onto packages to facilitate weaving.
3. There are different types of packages for holding yarn including cones, cheeses, and cops, and packages can be wound in parallel, near-parallel, or cross wound patterns. Tension devices are used to control yarn tension during winding.
1) Denim fabric is traditionally made from dyed warp yarns and undyed weft yarns in a 3/1 twill weave. It gets its name from Nimes, France where the fabric originated.
2) The denim manufacturing process involves yarn spinning, ball warping, rope or slasher dyeing, beaming, sizing, and weaving. Ball warping involves pulling yarns through a reed to keep them parallel before winding onto a log.
3) Rope dyeing is a discontinuous process where yarn is dyed in rope form, allowing for less shade variation than slasher dyeing which
The document discusses various spinning techniques, including rotor spinning. It provides a history of rotor spinning, describing its development from early prototypes in the 1950s to widespread commercial use by the 1970s. It explains the basic operational sequence of rotor spinning, which involves feeding a sliver of fibers into a rapidly rotating rotor that separates, compacts, and twists the fibers into yarn. The document compares properties of rotor-spun and ring-spun yarns.
The document provides details about the weaving process from warping to final folding of the woven fabric or towel. It involves key steps like warping, sizing, drawing-in, looming, and folding. Warping involves winding yarn parallel onto beams. Sizing adds size to strengthen the yarn. Drawing-in threads the yarn through heddles and reed according to the weave pattern. Looming uses looms like Sulzer or air jet to weave the warp and weft yarns. Folding inspects and packs the final woven product.
1) A textile is a woven fabric made by interlacing warp and weft threads. Textiles now also refer to fibers, yarns and products made from them.
2) Weaving produces fabric by intersecting the warp (lengthwise) and weft (crosswise) threads. Yarn preparation involves winding yarn onto packages to facilitate weaving and removing faults.
3) Different types of fabrics include woven, knitted, non-woven and special fabrics. Proper yarn preparation and tension are important to produce good quality fabric during weaving.
Denim is a cotton textile made with a twill weave that gives it a distinctive diagonal ribbing. The most common type is indigo denim, where the warp threads are dyed blue and the weft is left white, resulting in jeans being white on the inside. Aaron Denim Ltd. is a denim manufacturing facility in Bangladesh with a capacity of 14.35 million yards per year and plans to expand to 24 million yards per year. The factory has various units for processes like warping, dyeing, weaving, and finishing to produce denim fabric.
Types of Machine Learning- Tanvir Siddike MoinTanvir Moin
Machine learning can be broadly categorized into four main types based on how they learn from data:
Supervised Learning: Imagine a teacher showing you labeled examples (like classifying pictures of cats and dogs). Supervised learning algorithms learn from labeled data, where each data point has a corresponding answer or label. The algorithm analyzes the data and learns to map the inputs to the desired outputs. This is commonly used for tasks like spam filtering, image recognition, and weather prediction.
Unsupervised Learning: Unlike supervised learning, unsupervised learning deals with unlabeled data. It's like being given a pile of toys and asked to organize them however you see fit. The algorithm finds hidden patterns or structures within the data. This is useful for tasks like customer segmentation, anomaly detection, and recommendation systems.
Reinforcement Learning: This is inspired by how humans learn through trial and error. The algorithm interacts with its environment and receives rewards for good decisions and penalties for bad ones. Over time, it learns to take actions that maximize the rewards. This is used in applications like training self-driving cars and playing games like chess.
Semi-Supervised Learning: This combines aspects of supervised and unsupervised learning. It leverages a small amount of labeled data along with a larger amount of unlabeled data to improve the learning process. This is beneficial when labeled data is scarce or expensive to obtain.
Fundamentals of Wastewater Treatment PlantTanvir Moin
Wastewater treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to convert wastewater into an environmentally safe outflow that can be reused or discharged into the environment.
More Related Content
Similar to YARN MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY FOR SHOE UPPER
This document provides information about draw frames and their purpose and function. It can be summarized as follows:
1) Draw frames are machines that combine, blend, level, and attenuate slivers through a series of roller pairs to improve sliver quality and evenness. This helps produce higher quality yarn.
2) The key objectives of draw frames are to equalize and parallelize fibers, blend slivers, and remove dust. This straightens and aligns fibers to improve uniformity.
3) Draw frames are necessary to parallelize fibers in carded slivers and blend the slivers. They help straighten fibers from their hooked shape into a parallel arrangement.
The document discusses the process of cotton yarn spinning from start to finish. It begins with the cotton fiber growing in bolls on the cotton plant. The fibers then undergo various cleaning and preparation processes. The main steps of yarn spinning involve blowroom preparation, carding, drawing, combing (optional), roving, ring spinning, and cone winding. Each step performs important functions like opening, cleaning, drafting, twisting, and winding the fibers into yarns of increasing fineness and uniformity ready for further textile manufacturing. Ring spinning is described as the most common method and produces strong, fine yarns suitable for many applications.
This document provides information about AKM Sahedujjaman, a student of textile engineering at City University in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It then discusses various textile processes like combing, lap formation, simplex/roving frame, ring frame. Key details covered include objectives, functions, calculations and common issues for each process. Recent developments in simplex machines and factors considered for traveller selection in ring frames are also summarized.
1. A draw frame is a machine that combines, draws out, and levels sliver fibers to prepare them for spinning.
2. It performs several key functions including straightening, paralleling, blending, and removing irregularities from slivers of fibers like cotton.
3. The main actions involved are equalizing, parallelizing, blending, and dust removal through drafting, doubling, and drawing out the slivers between pairs of rollers that increase in speed.
This document summarizes the key differences between ring spinning and rotor spinning systems. Rotor spinning is a more recent open-end spinning method that introduces twist without requiring package rotation. It has higher productivity and handles larger packages than ring spinning. While rotor yarn is weaker, it has better evenness and abrasion resistance. The document provides details on the rotor spinning process and machine parts and compares performance characteristics of ring and rotor yarns.
This document provides an overview of the cotton combing process. It discusses that combing removes short fibers to produce higher quality yarn. There are various types of combers that perform this process. Combing results in yarn that is softer, finer, and smoother than carded yarn due to the removal of short fibers and impurities. However, combing also increases costs and fiber loss compared to carding. The document outlines the various steps and operations involved in combing cotton fibers to produce combed yarn.
This document provides an overview of the cotton combing process. It discusses that combing removes short fibers to produce higher quality yarn. There are various types of combers that perform this process. Combing results in yarn that is softer, finer, and smoother than carded yarn due to the removal of short fibers and impurities. However, combing also increases costs and fiber loss compared to carding. The document outlines the various steps in the combing process and types of applications where combing is commonly used.
This document compares ring spinning and rotor spinning methods of yarn formation. It discusses that rotor spinning is a more recent method that omits the step of forming a roving. In rotor spinning, fibers are fed into a rotary beater and deposited onto the sides of a rotating disc called a rotor, where they are twisted without requiring package rotation. Rotor spinning allows for higher twisting speeds with lower power usage compared to ring spinning. It provides characteristics like higher productivity, larger sliver/package sizes, less power consumption, and more automation/flexibility. The document provides details on the parts of a rotor spinning machine and compares various parameters of ring-spun and rotor-spun yarns.
The document discusses drafting in textile manufacturing. It defines drafting as reducing the mass per unit length of sliver by passing it over rotating rollers of increasing speed. The drafting process involves three stages - break draft, main draft, and tension draft. In the main draft stage, where the bulk of drafting occurs, methods like aprons and pressure bars are used to control fibers. A roving frame inserts twist and winds the roving onto bobbins after drafting. Calculations are provided to determine the ratch, or distance between rollers, based on parameters like roller diameter, winding rate, and angular velocity. Drafting results in fibers becoming more compact and chemically stable with improved strength and lower moisture absorption.
This document summarizes the key machinery used in the spinning process. It begins with an overview of the spinning process and major machine types. It then provides details on the functions and operations of the major machines in the blowroom (opening, cleaning and mixing fibers), carding (parallelizing fibers), drawing (blending and drafting slivers), combing (removing short fibers), roving (reducing linear density), ring spinning (drafting and twisting yarn), and winding (packaging yarn). It concludes with brief discussions of other spinning methods, yarn conditioning, waste generation and recycling, and safety issues.
This document discusses the objectives, operating principles, and components of a draw frame used in yarn production. The main objectives of a draw frame are equalizing fiber distribution, parallelizing fibers, blending fibers, and removing dust. It operates by drafting multiple sliver feeds together using roller pairs with differential speeds. Key components discussed include the creel, drafting arrangement, dust removal, coiling, and monitoring/auto-leveling systems.
1. The document discusses carding, which is the process of untangling fibers and removing impurities to form a web. It defines carding and describes the objectives of carding such as opening fibers, eliminating impurities, and forming slivers.
2. The types of actions that occur in a carding machine are described, including carding action, stripping action, and doffing action. The working principles of revolving flat and roller carding machines are also outlined.
3. Carding is called the "heart of spinning" because it produces slivers of fiber in a more or less uniform state that are suitable for subsequent spinning processes.
1. The document discusses various topics related to textiles including definitions of textiles, types of fabrics, weaving, yarn preparation, winding, packages, tension devices, and more.
2. Weaving is the process of interlacing warp and weft threads to produce fabric, while yarn preparation involves processes like winding yarn onto packages to facilitate weaving.
3. There are different types of packages for storing yarn including cones, cheeses, and pirns, and packages can be wound and driven in various ways like direct or indirect driving.
1. The document discusses various topics related to textiles including definitions of textiles, types of fabrics, weaving, yarn preparation, winding, packages, tension devices, and more.
2. Weaving is the process of interlacing warp and weft threads to produce fabric, while yarn preparation involves processes like winding yarn onto packages to facilitate weaving.
3. There are different types of packages for holding yarn including cones, cheeses, and cops, and packages can be wound in parallel, near-parallel, or cross wound patterns. Tension devices are used to control yarn tension during winding.
1) Denim fabric is traditionally made from dyed warp yarns and undyed weft yarns in a 3/1 twill weave. It gets its name from Nimes, France where the fabric originated.
2) The denim manufacturing process involves yarn spinning, ball warping, rope or slasher dyeing, beaming, sizing, and weaving. Ball warping involves pulling yarns through a reed to keep them parallel before winding onto a log.
3) Rope dyeing is a discontinuous process where yarn is dyed in rope form, allowing for less shade variation than slasher dyeing which
The document discusses various spinning techniques, including rotor spinning. It provides a history of rotor spinning, describing its development from early prototypes in the 1950s to widespread commercial use by the 1970s. It explains the basic operational sequence of rotor spinning, which involves feeding a sliver of fibers into a rapidly rotating rotor that separates, compacts, and twists the fibers into yarn. The document compares properties of rotor-spun and ring-spun yarns.
The document provides details about the weaving process from warping to final folding of the woven fabric or towel. It involves key steps like warping, sizing, drawing-in, looming, and folding. Warping involves winding yarn parallel onto beams. Sizing adds size to strengthen the yarn. Drawing-in threads the yarn through heddles and reed according to the weave pattern. Looming uses looms like Sulzer or air jet to weave the warp and weft yarns. Folding inspects and packs the final woven product.
1) A textile is a woven fabric made by interlacing warp and weft threads. Textiles now also refer to fibers, yarns and products made from them.
2) Weaving produces fabric by intersecting the warp (lengthwise) and weft (crosswise) threads. Yarn preparation involves winding yarn onto packages to facilitate weaving and removing faults.
3) Different types of fabrics include woven, knitted, non-woven and special fabrics. Proper yarn preparation and tension are important to produce good quality fabric during weaving.
Denim is a cotton textile made with a twill weave that gives it a distinctive diagonal ribbing. The most common type is indigo denim, where the warp threads are dyed blue and the weft is left white, resulting in jeans being white on the inside. Aaron Denim Ltd. is a denim manufacturing facility in Bangladesh with a capacity of 14.35 million yards per year and plans to expand to 24 million yards per year. The factory has various units for processes like warping, dyeing, weaving, and finishing to produce denim fabric.
Similar to YARN MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY FOR SHOE UPPER (20)
Types of Machine Learning- Tanvir Siddike MoinTanvir Moin
Machine learning can be broadly categorized into four main types based on how they learn from data:
Supervised Learning: Imagine a teacher showing you labeled examples (like classifying pictures of cats and dogs). Supervised learning algorithms learn from labeled data, where each data point has a corresponding answer or label. The algorithm analyzes the data and learns to map the inputs to the desired outputs. This is commonly used for tasks like spam filtering, image recognition, and weather prediction.
Unsupervised Learning: Unlike supervised learning, unsupervised learning deals with unlabeled data. It's like being given a pile of toys and asked to organize them however you see fit. The algorithm finds hidden patterns or structures within the data. This is useful for tasks like customer segmentation, anomaly detection, and recommendation systems.
Reinforcement Learning: This is inspired by how humans learn through trial and error. The algorithm interacts with its environment and receives rewards for good decisions and penalties for bad ones. Over time, it learns to take actions that maximize the rewards. This is used in applications like training self-driving cars and playing games like chess.
Semi-Supervised Learning: This combines aspects of supervised and unsupervised learning. It leverages a small amount of labeled data along with a larger amount of unlabeled data to improve the learning process. This is beneficial when labeled data is scarce or expensive to obtain.
Fundamentals of Wastewater Treatment PlantTanvir Moin
Wastewater treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to convert wastewater into an environmentally safe outflow that can be reused or discharged into the environment.
Basic Principle of Electrochemical SensorTanvir Moin
Electrochemical sensors are the most versatile and highly developed chemical sensors. Electrochemical sensors are a type of chemical sensor that uses an electrode to detect the concentration of an analyte based on a chemical reaction. They are characterized by their low cost, ease of manufacture, rapid analysis, small size, and ability to detect multiple elements simultaneously. They are also powerful analytical tools because of their: Superior sensitivity and selectivity, Quick response period, Simplicity in operation, and Miniaturization.
View other drafts
Aerated lagoons are a type of wastewater treatment system that uses artificial aeration to promote the biological oxidation of wastewaters. They are relatively simple and inexpensive to construct and operate, and they can be effective in removing a wide range of pollutants from wastewater, including organic matter, nutrients, and pathogens.
Assessing and predicting land use/land cover and land surface temperature usi...Tanvir Moin
To assess and predict land use/land cover (LULC) and land surface temperature (LST) using Landsat imagery for the Padma Bridge construction area, the following steps can be taken:
Preprocess the Landsat imagery. This includes correcting for geometric distortions, atmospheric effects, and radiometric calibration.
Classify the LULC. This can be done using a variety of supervised and unsupervised classification methods.
Calculate the LST. This can be done using a variety of methods, such as the Mono-Window Algorithm and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).
Analyze the LULC and LST data. This can be done using a variety of statistical and geospatial methods to identify trends and patterns.
Predict the future LULC and LST. This can be done using a variety of machine learning and time series forecasting methods.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRYTanvir Moin
Solid waste management (SWM) in the pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh is a complex issue. The industry generates a wide range of solid waste, including:
Expired or unused pharmaceuticals: These wastes can contain hazardous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and other chemicals.
Packaging waste: This includes glass, plastic, and metal packaging.
Laboratory waste: This includes chemicals, glassware, and other materials used in research and development.
Manufacturing waste: This includes scrap materials, filter cakes, and other wastes generated from the manufacturing process.
Wastewater Characteristics in the Pharmaceutical IndustryTanvir Moin
Wastewater from the pharmaceutical industry is characterized by a wide range of pollutants, including:
Organic compounds: These include active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), solvents, and other organic chemicals.
Inorganic compounds: These include heavy metals, salts, and other inorganic chemicals.
Microorganisms: These include bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.
The concentration of these pollutants can vary greatly depending on the type of pharmaceutical products being produced. For example, wastewater from the production of antibiotics will contain high levels of antibiotics, while wastewater from the production of other types of pharmaceuticals may contain lower levels of antibiotics but higher levels of other pollutants.
The pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh is one of the most developed sectors in the country and has emerged as a major exporter of medicines. It has been growing at a rapid pace over the past few decades, and now meets nearly 98% of the domestic demand for pharmaceutical products. The industry is also a significant contributor to the Bangladeshi economy, generating approximately $3 billion in revenue annually.
UNACCOUNTED FOR WATER IN URBAN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR DHAKA CITY Tanvir Moin
The document discusses using Fluidit software to analyze unaccounted for water (UFW) in Dhaka City's urban water supply system. Key points:
- Fluidit is a hydraulic modeling software that can simulate water distribution networks and calculate parameters like pressure, flow, and water quality.
- The study will collect spatial, infrastructure, consumption and non-revenue water data on Dhaka's system to build a model in Fluidit.
- The model will be calibrated using measured field data then used to calculate UFW percentage and identify real and apparent losses.
- Scenario analysis using Fluidit can provide recommendations to reduce UFW and improve water supply by optimizing operations
Overview of Computer Vision For Footwear IndustryTanvir Moin
Computer vision is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on enabling computers to interpret and analyze visual data from the world around us. It involves the development of algorithms and techniques that allow machines to understand images and videos, just as humans do.
The main goal of computer vision is to create machines that can "see" and understand the world around them, and then use that information to make decisions or take actions. This can involve tasks such as object recognition, scene reconstruction, facial recognition, and image segmentation.
Computer vision has a wide range of applications in various fields, such as healthcare, entertainment, transportation, robotics, and security. Some examples include medical image analysis, autonomous vehicles, augmented reality, and surveillance systems.
In recent years, the development of deep learning techniques, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has greatly advanced the field of computer vision, allowing machines to achieve state-of-the-art performance on various visual recognition tasks.
Fabric Manufacturing Technology for Shoe UpperTanvir Moin
Fabric is a plain sheet of cloth, which is made from natural or man-made fibres by weaving or knitting process. Most fabrics are knitted or woven, but some are produced by non-woven processes such as braiding, felting, twisting, etc. Fabric considers a major raw material in the footwear manufacturing process.
A major environmental concern related to nuclear power is the creation of radioactive wastes such as uranium mill tailings, spent (used) reactor fuel, and other radioactive wastes. These materials can remain radioactive and dangerous to human health for thousands of years.
Machine learning is important because it gives enterprises a view of trends in customer behaviour and business operational patterns, as well as supports the development of new products. Many of today's leading companies, such as Facebook, Google and Uber, make machine learning a central part of their operations.
Artificial Neural Networks for footwear industryTanvir Moin
The document discusses the history and concepts of artificial neural networks (ANNs). Some key points:
- ANNs were inspired by biological neural systems and are composed of interconnected neurons that can learn from examples.
- Early work in the 1940s-1950s involved modeling simple neural functions, but interest declined after researchers showed perceptrons could not solve XOR problems.
- The backpropagation learning method from 1974 allowed multi-layer networks to be trained and regain interest in the 1980s for applications in domains like medicine and marketing.
- ANNs are now used widely in industries like footwear manufacturing for tasks like predicting process outcomes, classifying materials, and identifying production parameters.
The document discusses various types of shoes and shoe anatomy. It outlines 7 basic shoe styles: sandals, moccasins, clogs, pumps, mules, oxfords, and boots. The anatomy of shoes is described including the upper, vamp, tongue, collar, eyelets, counter, quarter, and sole components. Guidelines are provided for proper shoe fitting and determining when shoes need replacement. Minimalist and diabetic shoe styles are also summarized.
Nanotechnology is used in the characteristics imported to leather and textiles in the footwear industry, which include self-cleaning fabrics, dye capability enhancement, flame retardation, UV and anti-static protection, anti-bacteria, wrinkle resistance, soil resistance, and water repellence
Why is spectrophotometer used in the leather & textile footwear industry?
In the leather & textile footwear industry, using a spectrophotometer to capture both color and appearance on a physical sample has greatly improved quality, consistency, and speed to market. To make color approvals on-screen, the digital color file must also be color-accurate when it is imported into the design software
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
2. Types of Yarn
• Carded Yarn.
• Combed Yarn.
University of Dhaka
3. Comparison of
Combed Yarn & Carded Yarn
University of Dhaka
Combed Yarn Carded Yarn
Comber is used No Comber is used
Less short fibers More short fibers
Less Hairiness More Hairiness
More Luster Less Luster
5. Flow Chart For Carded Yarn
University of Dhaka
Input Process/ Machine Output
Bale → Blow room → Lap
Lap → Carding m/c → Sliver
Sliver → Breaker Draw Frame → Sliver
Sliver → Finisher Draw Frame → Sliver
Sliver → Roving Frame
/Speed Frame/Simplex
→ Roving
Roving → Ring Frame → Yarn
6. Flow Chart For Combed Yarn
University of Dhaka
Input Process/ Machine Output
Bale → Blow room → Lap
Lap → Carding m/c → Sliver
Sliver → Pre comb drawing → Sliver
Sliver → Lap former → Lap
Lap → Combing → Sliver
Sliver → Post comb drawing → Sliver
Sliver → Simplex → Roving
Roving → Ring Frame → Yarn
7. Blow Room
Blow Room is called the mother of yarn manufacturing. It consists of
a number of machines used in succession to open and clean the
cotton fiber to the required degree.
40 to 70% trash is removed in this section.
University of Dhaka
14. Objects of Blow
Room
1. Opening :
To open the compressed bales of
fibers &
To make the cotton tuft a small
size as for as possible.
2. Cleaning :
To remove the dirt, dust, broken
seeds broken leafs and other
foreign materials from the fibers.
More…
University of Dhaka
15. Objects of Blow
Room
3. Blending & Mixing:
To make good value of yarn and
to decrease the production cost
by mixing different grade of
fibers.
4. Lap forming :
To transfer the opened and
cleaned fibers into a sheet form
of definite width and uniform unit
length which is called lap.
University of Dhaka
16. TECHNOLOGICAL
POINTS IN BLOW
ROOM
University of Dhaka
Opening in blow room means opening into small
flocks
The larger the dirt particle , the better they can be
removed
The higher the degree of opening, the higher the
degree of cleaning. A very high cleaning effect is
almost always purchased at the cost of a high
fiber loss. Higher roller speeds give a better
cleaning effect but also more stress on the fiber.
18. Actions involved
in Blow Room
1. Action of opposite spike:
(opening)
By The action of opposite spikes
opening the cotton fiber is done.
2. Action of Air flow: (Transport +
Cleaning)
During processing, the movement
of cotton from machines to
machine is done by air flow. It
also helps the separation of lint
and trash.
More…
University of Dhaka
20. Actions involved
in Blow Room
3. Action of Beaters: (Cleaning &
Opening)
Beaters are responsible for
removing almost all of the
impurities extracted in the blow
room. Beater also helps in
opening of cotton fiber.
4. Action of regulating motion:
(Uniform output)
The action of regulating motion
gives the uniform output.
University of Dhaka
21. Cleaning Efficiency
University of Dhaka
Cleaning efficiency of blow room can be fin out by the following
simple calculation.
(Input Trash - Output Trash)*100
Input Trash
22. Problem
Find the Blow Room cleaning effy :
Raw cotton trash= 6%
Lap trash = 1.6%
Solve: (6-1.6)*100/6
=73%
University of Dhaka
23. Carding
Carding may be defined as the
reduction of an entangled mass of
fibers to a filmy web by working
between two closely spaced,
relatively moving surface closed
with sharp wire points.
University of Dhaka
24. Objects of
Carding
University of Dhaka
Opening to individual
fibers.
Elimination of Impurities
and dust.
Fiber blending.
Sliver formation.
25. Flow diagram of
Carding m/c
• A = Cylinder
• B = Flat
• C = Taker in
• D = Feed roller
• E = Feed plate
• F = Doffer
University of Dhaka
26. Actions of Carding
m/c
1. Carding Action
This is the action between flat & cylinder.
• Pin direction: Opposite.
• Rotation: Opposite.
27. Actions of Carding
m/c
2. Stripping Action
This is the action between Cylinder - Taker
in
• Pin direction: Same.
• Rotation: Same.
28. Actions of Carding
m/c
3. Doffing Action
This is the action between Doffer &
Cylinder.
• Pin direction: Opposite.
• Rotation: Same.
29. Actions of
Carding m/c
4. Combing Action
This is the action between Feed roller &
Taker in.
• Pin direction: Same.
• Rotation: Same.
University of Dhaka
32. Draw frame
• It is a process of yarn manufacturing in which the sliver is
elongated when passing through pairs of rollers, each pair
faster than the previous one.
University of Dhaka
33. Actions involved in Draw frame:
Drafting: The process of increasing length per unit weight of sliver. It is mainly
due to varying speed of the rollers.
Doubling: The process of combining two or more carded sliver into a single form
is called doubling. In draw frame m/c generally six to eight slivers are fed and
converted into one.
Drawing = Drafting + Doubling.
University of Dhaka
34. TASKS OF DRAW FRAME
Through draft fibers get parallelized
Hooked fibers are straightened.
Through the suction ,intensive dust removal is achieved.
Blending can be done here.
University of Dhaka
37. University of Dhaka
Find out the
production/shift in lbs of
a modern draw frame,
from
the following particulars:
Delivery speed = 600
m/min, No of
delivery/frame = 2, Draft
= 8, No of doubling = 8,
Feed sliver wt
= 0.01 lb/Yd, Efficiency =
90%
Solution:
Draft= (Feed wt/Delivery
wt)* Doubling
So, Delivery wt= (Feed
wt/ Draft)* Doubling
So, Delivery wt=
(0.01/8)* 8 = 0.01
lb/yd
Production = 600 m/ min
= 600*1.09 yds/min =
654 yds/min
= 654*0.01 lbs/min =
6.54 lbs/min = 6.54*60*8
lbs/shift
= 3139.2 lbs/shift
For 90% efficiency and
no. of delivery, the
ultimate production is,
3139.2*0.9*2 = 5650.56
lb/shift (Ans)
38. Lap former
• Lap former is the machine where
lap is produced from slivers. It is
necessary for producing combed
yarn. Because the output of
comber machine is lap.
40. Comber
University
of
Dhaka
• Combing :
Combing may be defined as to
remove short fibers , neps and
remaining impurities of card sliver
by using comb with the help of
knives, brushes and rollers.
41. Objects of combing
• To remove short fibers below a
preselected length so that the
spinner enable to produce finer /
better yarn.
• To remove neps and foreign
matter from the cotton / sliver.
• Make the fiber straight and
parallel.
42. University of Dhaka
Blow room lap Comber lap
Short fiber high Short fibre low
Uniformity low Uniformity high
Trash high Trash low
Lap count .0011-.0019 Ne Lap count .0075 -.009
Lap wt /yds 12-16 ounce Lap wt /yds 1.6-2.5 ounce
Lap width 1m Lap width 300 mm
44. Combing Action
• Firstly, Sliver comes through feed
plate, After passing the edge, the
nipper comes down to clamp the
fiber between feed plate & itself.
Then the first combing is done by
the cylinder.
45. Combing Action
• Then, nipper moves upward. Sliver
feeding starts again. When sliver
comes to detaching roller, the
rollers give a backward movement
to join it with previously combed
sliver. That time Top comb comes
down and by the forwarding
movement of detaching roller,
second time combing is done by
top comb.
46. This process is a intermittent process. Because all these are
carried out up to 300 times per minute.
48. Speed frame
University of Dhaka
TASK OF RING FRAME: TO PRODUCE ROVING
FROM SLIVER.
TO IMPACT STRENGTH
TO THE FIBER BY
TWISTING.
TO WIND UP THE
RESULTING ROVING ON
TO ROVING BOBBIN.
50. Operation
involved in
Speed Frame
• Creeling: Sliver feeding with the help
of several rollers. 40 drawn slivers can
be creeled at a time.
• Drafting: To reduce wt per unit length
of roving in speed frame so that
produces roving can be converted
into yarn easily with draft in drafting
Zone. For this normally 3 pairs of
rollers are used.
University of Dhaka
51. Operation
involved in
Speed Frame
Twisting:
To insert small amount of twist to
get required strength of roving . so
that no breakage of yarn and
possible to wind of roving in
convenient package. Usually 30-65
turns per meter twist is given which
are created by flyer. But twist in
roving are given such that the fibers
hold its constituent fibers together
and not create hinder during
drafting in Ring frame.
University of Dhaka
52. Winding:
To wind the roving on to a
suitable bobbin which will help
handling , transfer and feeding
to ring frame. Due to winding ,
as dia of bobbin is gradually
increased, the speed of bobbin
is continuously decreased with
the help of building motion so
that no breakage of roving for
too much tension.
53. University of Dhaka
Building
Building : With the help of building
motion , the correct or proper shaped
package is made by winding of roving
on bobbin in some consequent process.
Doffing
Doffing : To replace empty bobbin at a
place of full bobbin.
56. Ring frame • Ring frame is the machine where yarn is
finally produced from the roving.
University of Dhaka
57. Function of
a Ring
frame:
University of Dhaka
To satisfy the roving to form yarn of
the required count/ fineness of yarn
by drafting & twisting.
To increase strength.
To build up the yarn on to bobbin in
form of a suitable package for
storage, transportation and
processing.
58. Operation
involved in
ring frame
University of Dhaka
Creeling
Roving bobbin is fitted on the top of the
m/c on the creel on both sides of the
m/c. creel helps to freely rotate of
roving bobbin and hold such that roving
feed to the drafting zone on tension.
60. • Drafting
• Drafting operation reduces wt per unit length of roving .
roving comes from the bobbin are passed through the
drafting.
• Twisting:
• Spiral turns are inserted along the fiber axis . It increases
yarn strength .The traveler which helps to insert twisting
yarn, gets drive indirectly from spindle.
University of Dhaka
61. Winding:
After twisting the yarns are wound
on a suitable package , layers of yarn
are wound properly are above
another on the package . It should
be suitable for unwinding
Building:
For proper size and shape of the
package the bobbins are lifted
gradually. The resultant bobbins are
conical shape full bobbin.
University of Dhaka
62. • Doffing:
• After the required length of yarn is
wound on the package , the m/c is
stopped . Doffing is the process of
replacing the full bobbin by an empty
bobbin.
University of Dhaka
63. Flow diagram of Ring
Frame
A= Roving bobbin.
B= Roving guide.
C= Drafting zone.
D= Balloon control ring.
E= Ring.
F= Traveler.
G= Yarn bobbin.
H= Gearing.
64. Traveler
• Traveler is the most tiny &
important part made by metal
through which yarn passes its way
from balloon control ring to the
yarn package. It has no drive of its
own. But it is dragged round by
the yarn. During its rotation it
produces twist.
67. Ring Yarn & Rotor Yarn
If there is a simplex machine in
the process of yarn
manufacturing, that is ring yarn.
And if there is no simplex or ring
frame, but a rotor spinning
machine which converts sliver to
yarn directly, the yarn
manufactured is a rotor yarn.
69. Y1 = Ring Yarn & Y2= Rotor Yarn
University of Dhaka
Editor's Notes
Are your classroom colors different than what you see in this template? That’s OK! Click on Design -> Variants (the down arrow) -> Pick the color scheme that works for you!
Feel free to change any “You will…” and “I will…” statements to ensure they align with your classroom procedures and rules!