Solid waste management (SWM) in the pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh is a complex issue. The industry generates a wide range of solid waste, including:
Expired or unused pharmaceuticals: These wastes can contain hazardous active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and other chemicals.
Packaging waste: This includes glass, plastic, and metal packaging.
Laboratory waste: This includes chemicals, glassware, and other materials used in research and development.
Manufacturing waste: This includes scrap materials, filter cakes, and other wastes generated from the manufacturing process.
This is a document that shows how every one should do in health care program and whow you can make your waste to be non infectious.this is essential for all health care
Current scenario of pharmaceutical waste management in bangladeshMonirul Islam Shohag
The document discusses pharmaceutical waste management. It defines pharmaceutical waste and describes the types of waste generated from production, quality control labs, and microbiology labs in pharmaceutical industries. These include unused or expired raw materials, packaging waste, liquid waste, and biological/microbiological waste. The key methods for treating solid pharmaceutical waste are autoclaving, incineration, and landfilling. Liquid waste is treated using effluent treatment plants with primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments. Common tests conducted on treated wastewater include measuring pH, COD, BOD, TSS, and DO. Proper pharmaceutical waste management is important to reduce environmental pollution and health risks.
Current scenario of pharmaceutical waste management in bangladeshMonirul Islam Shohag
The document discusses pharmaceutical waste management. It defines pharmaceutical waste as unused or expired medications, personal care products, and accessories from medical facilities, pharmacies, and households. This waste poses environmental and health risks if not properly disposed of. The document outlines the different types of pharmaceutical waste, such as general waste, sharps, plastics, and hazardous materials. It also discusses the risks pharmaceutical waste can pose if released into the environment and the common treatment and disposal methods used, such as incineration and landfilling.
The document discusses the appropriate management of healthcare waste. It notes that healthcare waste poses higher risks of infection and injury than other waste types. Safe and reliable handling is essential to prevent negative public health and environmental impacts from improper management. A variety of waste categories are defined, and treatment and disposal methods are described, along with their advantages and disadvantages. The key methods discussed are incineration, chemical disinfection, wet thermal treatment, and landfilling.
The document discusses the management of healthcare waste. It notes that healthcare waste poses risks of infection and injury if not handled properly. Various types of healthcare waste are defined, including infectious, pathological, pharmaceutical and radioactive waste. Regulations for appropriate handling and disposal are described, including treatment methods like incineration, encapsulation, and disposal in secured landfills. Color coding and signage for waste containers support proper waste segregation and treatment.
Disposal and management of pharmaceutical wasteAshpakSk2
This document provides an overview of the disposal of pharmaceutical waste. It begins by defining different types of waste and then focuses on pharmaceutical waste. Pharmaceutical waste can be hazardous, non-hazardous, or biomedical. Hazardous pharmaceutical waste is ignitable, corrosive, or reactive. Treatment and disposal methods for pharmaceutical waste include incineration, autoclaving, chemical disinfection, deep burial, and secure landfilling. Proper treatment and disposal of pharmaceutical waste is important to protect human and environmental health.
This is a document that shows how every one should do in health care program and whow you can make your waste to be non infectious.this is essential for all health care
Current scenario of pharmaceutical waste management in bangladeshMonirul Islam Shohag
The document discusses pharmaceutical waste management. It defines pharmaceutical waste and describes the types of waste generated from production, quality control labs, and microbiology labs in pharmaceutical industries. These include unused or expired raw materials, packaging waste, liquid waste, and biological/microbiological waste. The key methods for treating solid pharmaceutical waste are autoclaving, incineration, and landfilling. Liquid waste is treated using effluent treatment plants with primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments. Common tests conducted on treated wastewater include measuring pH, COD, BOD, TSS, and DO. Proper pharmaceutical waste management is important to reduce environmental pollution and health risks.
Current scenario of pharmaceutical waste management in bangladeshMonirul Islam Shohag
The document discusses pharmaceutical waste management. It defines pharmaceutical waste as unused or expired medications, personal care products, and accessories from medical facilities, pharmacies, and households. This waste poses environmental and health risks if not properly disposed of. The document outlines the different types of pharmaceutical waste, such as general waste, sharps, plastics, and hazardous materials. It also discusses the risks pharmaceutical waste can pose if released into the environment and the common treatment and disposal methods used, such as incineration and landfilling.
The document discusses the appropriate management of healthcare waste. It notes that healthcare waste poses higher risks of infection and injury than other waste types. Safe and reliable handling is essential to prevent negative public health and environmental impacts from improper management. A variety of waste categories are defined, and treatment and disposal methods are described, along with their advantages and disadvantages. The key methods discussed are incineration, chemical disinfection, wet thermal treatment, and landfilling.
The document discusses the management of healthcare waste. It notes that healthcare waste poses risks of infection and injury if not handled properly. Various types of healthcare waste are defined, including infectious, pathological, pharmaceutical and radioactive waste. Regulations for appropriate handling and disposal are described, including treatment methods like incineration, encapsulation, and disposal in secured landfills. Color coding and signage for waste containers support proper waste segregation and treatment.
Disposal and management of pharmaceutical wasteAshpakSk2
This document provides an overview of the disposal of pharmaceutical waste. It begins by defining different types of waste and then focuses on pharmaceutical waste. Pharmaceutical waste can be hazardous, non-hazardous, or biomedical. Hazardous pharmaceutical waste is ignitable, corrosive, or reactive. Treatment and disposal methods for pharmaceutical waste include incineration, autoclaving, chemical disinfection, deep burial, and secure landfilling. Proper treatment and disposal of pharmaceutical waste is important to protect human and environmental health.
The document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines medical waste as any waste containing infectious or potentially infectious material generated by healthcare facilities. It outlines the different types of medical waste and how they are classified. The stages of medical waste disposal are described as collection and segregation, storage and transportation, and treatment and disposal. Common treatment methods like incineration and autoclaving are also summarized.
The document discusses new EPA regulations for hospital waste incinerators that require improved waste segregation and employee training. It defines various waste streams - municipal solid waste, recyclables, regulated medical waste, pharmaceutical waste, and hazardous waste - and proper disposal methods. Compliance with regulations helps protect health, safety and the environment while reducing disposal costs.
solid waste management annexure and managment annexure and also the construct...hplaphome200
This document outlines a microproject proposal on biomedical waste segregation, collection, and disposal. It discusses the importance of properly managing biomedical waste to protect public health and the environment. The proposal describes the aims to promote public health, environmental conservation, regulatory compliance, occupational safety, and cost savings. It also reviews literature on regulatory frameworks, technologies, best practices, and environmental impacts of biomedical waste management. The methodology, resources, outputs, and applications of the microproject are defined.
Waste Management A Crucial Step Towards a Sustainable FutureEnviro Waste
Unlock the key to a sustainable future through effective waste management. Explore the significance of responsible waste disposal in fostering environmental well-being.
This document provides information on biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and discusses its various categories. It explains how biomedical waste is generated in healthcare facilities and needs to be properly segregated, stored, transported, and disposed of. The key steps in biomedical waste management are segregation according to waste type, proper labelling, collection from waste sources, short-term storage, transportation to treatment facilities, and final disposal. Worker safety is important, and personal protective equipment like gloves and protective clothing should be used when handling biomedical waste.
The document discusses biomedical waste management in hospitals. It defines different types of healthcare waste and how they are categorized. Approximately 75-90% of healthcare waste is non-hazardous while 10-25% is hazardous. Hazardous waste can include infectious, sharp and chemical waste. The document also discusses waste generation in Nepal, health hazards of improper management, and recommendations for safe management practices like segregation and treatment.
This document discusses effluents, which are materials discarded from industrial processes into the environment. It classifies effluents based on physical state (solid, liquid, gas) and degradability (biodegradable, non-biodegradable). Sources of effluents include various industries. Effluents can have harmful effects and require management systems. Effluent treatment plants use various physical, chemical, and biological processes to treat effluents before disposal or reuse. Laws exist in different countries to regulate effluent management.
COVID19 PANDEMIC: ISSUES AND CHALLANGES IN BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENTTanmayZoology
The document discusses biomedical waste (BMW), its sources, classification, management steps, and risks. It notes that BMW includes waste from healthcare facilities and comprises contaminated sharps, infectious, pathological and pharmaceutical waste. It classifies BMW as hazardous or non-hazardous. The key steps in BMW management are segregation, collection, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal. Common treatment methods include incineration, autoclaving, chemical disinfection. Untreated BMW poses infection and toxicity risks to waste handlers, the public and environment.
The document categorizes and defines different types of biomedical and healthcare wastes. It discusses infectious wastes, pathological wastes, sharps, geno-toxic wastes, pharmaceutical wastes, chemical wastes including heavy metals, and pressurized containers. Between 75-80% of healthcare waste is general non-hazardous waste, while the remaining 20% is hazardous or infectious including materials from surgery/autopsies, infectious patients, dialysis, and other contaminated items. Proper management of healthcare waste is important to prevent disease transmission and injury.
BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING RULESkalpanameena17
The document summarizes the rules and regulations regarding biomedical waste management and handling in India. It defines biomedical waste and classifies it into four main categories. It outlines the responsibilities of various stakeholders like healthcare facilities, producers, consumers, recyclers, and dealers. It describes best practices for medical waste handling like proper segregation, packaging, and disposal. It also discusses the need for proper biomedical waste management to prevent disease transmission and injuries.
Solid and hazardous waste management is important for environmental and public health. Solid waste includes materials like food, plastic bags, and yard waste. Hazardous waste can be dangerous if not properly disposed of. The key aspects of waste management are proper collection, transportation, and disposal of waste, including recycling and treatment. Improper management of waste can lead to pollution, disease transmission, and other health issues.
This document discusses biomedical waste (BMW) management in hospitals. It defines BMW and lists sources such as hospitals, clinics, and labs. It outlines the key steps in BMW management: collection and segregation, transportation and storage, treatment and disposal. Treatment and disposal methods include incineration, deep burial, and autoclaving. The document also covers safety measures, training of healthcare workers, and the roles and coordination of hospitals, municipal authorities, and pollution control boards in effective BMW management.
Social impact of pharmaceutical industry. Sudipta Roy
Health is a critical challenge for society on basis of economic asset of people. Pharmaceutical industries and it's manufacturing products have been impacting health related issues for social and community development in major issues of reducing child and maternal mortality, slowing the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, malnutrition of children promoting gender equality and empowerment.Here in this poster presentation, the fascinating role with its different manufacturing process for different types of dosage form of the pharmaceutical industry have been presenting for development of social care.
IMPORTANT STEPS THAT WILL HELP YOU TO REDUCE MEDICAL WASTEGbwaste Management
It is within your ability to reduce waste and create cost-effective alternatives. Even minimal waste reduction steps can drastically change the environment and pace of public health risks. Following these recommendations is an excellent beginning step. Your next step should be to locate a reputable medical waste disposal service.
The document summarizes the management of medical waste in the United States and United Kingdom. It begins by defining medical waste according to the World Health Organization. It then discusses the generation, characterization, transportation, treatment and disposal of medical waste in each country. In the US, the key legislation governing medical waste includes the Medical Waste Tracking Act and EPA regulations. Treatment methods include incineration, autoclaving, and chemical treatment. The UK categorizes waste as hazardous or non-hazardous, with non-hazardous waste further divided into clinical and non-clinical waste. Both countries require waste minimization, segregation, transportation to approved facilities, and final treatment or disposal.
Handling & management of hazardous and biomedical wasteAna Debbarma
This document summarizes a presentation on the handling and management of hazardous and biomedical waste. It defines hazardous and biomedical waste and outlines their classification. It discusses the management processes for both types of waste, including transportation, treatment, disposal, and remediation. It notes the importance of proper waste management to prevent health and environmental issues. The presentation recommends best practices for waste segregation, treatment, and disposal in hospitals to safely manage biomedical waste.
Hospital waste management involves proper segregation, collection, transportation, and treatment of waste. Segregation is the most critical step and involves separating waste into categories like infectious, pathological, pharmaceutical, and genotoxic waste using color-coded bags at the point of generation. Collection uses different container bins to gather the segregated waste. Transportation then moves the waste in enclosed vehicles to treatment. Proper management is essential to reduce health, safety, and environmental risks.
The document discusses biomedical waste management. It begins by noting the rapid increase in hospitals and disposable products has led to more medical waste. Proper waste management is important for quality assurance and public health. The document then covers waste characteristics, legislation around management, categories of waste, health hazards of improper management, and strategies for proper segregation, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste.
The document discusses bio-medical waste management issues and challenges faced by hospitals. It outlines various environmental laws related to waste management. It explains that healthcare waste includes waste generated in hospitals, laboratories, and research facilities. The basic principles of bio-medical waste management include segregation, containment, processing, storage and disposal of waste. Key challenges include lack of awareness, non-compliance with rules, inadequate protection of healthcare workers, and improper waste disposal. Addressing these issues requires robust policies, training, monitoring, and allocating sufficient resources.
Types of Machine Learning- Tanvir Siddike MoinTanvir Moin
Machine learning can be broadly categorized into four main types based on how they learn from data:
Supervised Learning: Imagine a teacher showing you labeled examples (like classifying pictures of cats and dogs). Supervised learning algorithms learn from labeled data, where each data point has a corresponding answer or label. The algorithm analyzes the data and learns to map the inputs to the desired outputs. This is commonly used for tasks like spam filtering, image recognition, and weather prediction.
Unsupervised Learning: Unlike supervised learning, unsupervised learning deals with unlabeled data. It's like being given a pile of toys and asked to organize them however you see fit. The algorithm finds hidden patterns or structures within the data. This is useful for tasks like customer segmentation, anomaly detection, and recommendation systems.
Reinforcement Learning: This is inspired by how humans learn through trial and error. The algorithm interacts with its environment and receives rewards for good decisions and penalties for bad ones. Over time, it learns to take actions that maximize the rewards. This is used in applications like training self-driving cars and playing games like chess.
Semi-Supervised Learning: This combines aspects of supervised and unsupervised learning. It leverages a small amount of labeled data along with a larger amount of unlabeled data to improve the learning process. This is beneficial when labeled data is scarce or expensive to obtain.
Fundamentals of Wastewater Treatment PlantTanvir Moin
Wastewater treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to convert wastewater into an environmentally safe outflow that can be reused or discharged into the environment.
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The document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines medical waste as any waste containing infectious or potentially infectious material generated by healthcare facilities. It outlines the different types of medical waste and how they are classified. The stages of medical waste disposal are described as collection and segregation, storage and transportation, and treatment and disposal. Common treatment methods like incineration and autoclaving are also summarized.
The document discusses new EPA regulations for hospital waste incinerators that require improved waste segregation and employee training. It defines various waste streams - municipal solid waste, recyclables, regulated medical waste, pharmaceutical waste, and hazardous waste - and proper disposal methods. Compliance with regulations helps protect health, safety and the environment while reducing disposal costs.
solid waste management annexure and managment annexure and also the construct...hplaphome200
This document outlines a microproject proposal on biomedical waste segregation, collection, and disposal. It discusses the importance of properly managing biomedical waste to protect public health and the environment. The proposal describes the aims to promote public health, environmental conservation, regulatory compliance, occupational safety, and cost savings. It also reviews literature on regulatory frameworks, technologies, best practices, and environmental impacts of biomedical waste management. The methodology, resources, outputs, and applications of the microproject are defined.
Waste Management A Crucial Step Towards a Sustainable FutureEnviro Waste
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This document provides information on biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and discusses its various categories. It explains how biomedical waste is generated in healthcare facilities and needs to be properly segregated, stored, transported, and disposed of. The key steps in biomedical waste management are segregation according to waste type, proper labelling, collection from waste sources, short-term storage, transportation to treatment facilities, and final disposal. Worker safety is important, and personal protective equipment like gloves and protective clothing should be used when handling biomedical waste.
The document discusses biomedical waste management in hospitals. It defines different types of healthcare waste and how they are categorized. Approximately 75-90% of healthcare waste is non-hazardous while 10-25% is hazardous. Hazardous waste can include infectious, sharp and chemical waste. The document also discusses waste generation in Nepal, health hazards of improper management, and recommendations for safe management practices like segregation and treatment.
This document discusses effluents, which are materials discarded from industrial processes into the environment. It classifies effluents based on physical state (solid, liquid, gas) and degradability (biodegradable, non-biodegradable). Sources of effluents include various industries. Effluents can have harmful effects and require management systems. Effluent treatment plants use various physical, chemical, and biological processes to treat effluents before disposal or reuse. Laws exist in different countries to regulate effluent management.
COVID19 PANDEMIC: ISSUES AND CHALLANGES IN BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENTTanmayZoology
The document discusses biomedical waste (BMW), its sources, classification, management steps, and risks. It notes that BMW includes waste from healthcare facilities and comprises contaminated sharps, infectious, pathological and pharmaceutical waste. It classifies BMW as hazardous or non-hazardous. The key steps in BMW management are segregation, collection, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal. Common treatment methods include incineration, autoclaving, chemical disinfection. Untreated BMW poses infection and toxicity risks to waste handlers, the public and environment.
The document categorizes and defines different types of biomedical and healthcare wastes. It discusses infectious wastes, pathological wastes, sharps, geno-toxic wastes, pharmaceutical wastes, chemical wastes including heavy metals, and pressurized containers. Between 75-80% of healthcare waste is general non-hazardous waste, while the remaining 20% is hazardous or infectious including materials from surgery/autopsies, infectious patients, dialysis, and other contaminated items. Proper management of healthcare waste is important to prevent disease transmission and injury.
BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING RULESkalpanameena17
The document summarizes the rules and regulations regarding biomedical waste management and handling in India. It defines biomedical waste and classifies it into four main categories. It outlines the responsibilities of various stakeholders like healthcare facilities, producers, consumers, recyclers, and dealers. It describes best practices for medical waste handling like proper segregation, packaging, and disposal. It also discusses the need for proper biomedical waste management to prevent disease transmission and injuries.
Solid and hazardous waste management is important for environmental and public health. Solid waste includes materials like food, plastic bags, and yard waste. Hazardous waste can be dangerous if not properly disposed of. The key aspects of waste management are proper collection, transportation, and disposal of waste, including recycling and treatment. Improper management of waste can lead to pollution, disease transmission, and other health issues.
This document discusses biomedical waste (BMW) management in hospitals. It defines BMW and lists sources such as hospitals, clinics, and labs. It outlines the key steps in BMW management: collection and segregation, transportation and storage, treatment and disposal. Treatment and disposal methods include incineration, deep burial, and autoclaving. The document also covers safety measures, training of healthcare workers, and the roles and coordination of hospitals, municipal authorities, and pollution control boards in effective BMW management.
Social impact of pharmaceutical industry. Sudipta Roy
Health is a critical challenge for society on basis of economic asset of people. Pharmaceutical industries and it's manufacturing products have been impacting health related issues for social and community development in major issues of reducing child and maternal mortality, slowing the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, malnutrition of children promoting gender equality and empowerment.Here in this poster presentation, the fascinating role with its different manufacturing process for different types of dosage form of the pharmaceutical industry have been presenting for development of social care.
IMPORTANT STEPS THAT WILL HELP YOU TO REDUCE MEDICAL WASTEGbwaste Management
It is within your ability to reduce waste and create cost-effective alternatives. Even minimal waste reduction steps can drastically change the environment and pace of public health risks. Following these recommendations is an excellent beginning step. Your next step should be to locate a reputable medical waste disposal service.
The document summarizes the management of medical waste in the United States and United Kingdom. It begins by defining medical waste according to the World Health Organization. It then discusses the generation, characterization, transportation, treatment and disposal of medical waste in each country. In the US, the key legislation governing medical waste includes the Medical Waste Tracking Act and EPA regulations. Treatment methods include incineration, autoclaving, and chemical treatment. The UK categorizes waste as hazardous or non-hazardous, with non-hazardous waste further divided into clinical and non-clinical waste. Both countries require waste minimization, segregation, transportation to approved facilities, and final treatment or disposal.
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This document summarizes a presentation on the handling and management of hazardous and biomedical waste. It defines hazardous and biomedical waste and outlines their classification. It discusses the management processes for both types of waste, including transportation, treatment, disposal, and remediation. It notes the importance of proper waste management to prevent health and environmental issues. The presentation recommends best practices for waste segregation, treatment, and disposal in hospitals to safely manage biomedical waste.
Hospital waste management involves proper segregation, collection, transportation, and treatment of waste. Segregation is the most critical step and involves separating waste into categories like infectious, pathological, pharmaceutical, and genotoxic waste using color-coded bags at the point of generation. Collection uses different container bins to gather the segregated waste. Transportation then moves the waste in enclosed vehicles to treatment. Proper management is essential to reduce health, safety, and environmental risks.
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Types of Machine Learning- Tanvir Siddike MoinTanvir Moin
Machine learning can be broadly categorized into four main types based on how they learn from data:
Supervised Learning: Imagine a teacher showing you labeled examples (like classifying pictures of cats and dogs). Supervised learning algorithms learn from labeled data, where each data point has a corresponding answer or label. The algorithm analyzes the data and learns to map the inputs to the desired outputs. This is commonly used for tasks like spam filtering, image recognition, and weather prediction.
Unsupervised Learning: Unlike supervised learning, unsupervised learning deals with unlabeled data. It's like being given a pile of toys and asked to organize them however you see fit. The algorithm finds hidden patterns or structures within the data. This is useful for tasks like customer segmentation, anomaly detection, and recommendation systems.
Reinforcement Learning: This is inspired by how humans learn through trial and error. The algorithm interacts with its environment and receives rewards for good decisions and penalties for bad ones. Over time, it learns to take actions that maximize the rewards. This is used in applications like training self-driving cars and playing games like chess.
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Electrochemical sensors are the most versatile and highly developed chemical sensors. Electrochemical sensors are a type of chemical sensor that uses an electrode to detect the concentration of an analyte based on a chemical reaction. They are characterized by their low cost, ease of manufacture, rapid analysis, small size, and ability to detect multiple elements simultaneously. They are also powerful analytical tools because of their: Superior sensitivity and selectivity, Quick response period, Simplicity in operation, and Miniaturization.
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Preprocess the Landsat imagery. This includes correcting for geometric distortions, atmospheric effects, and radiometric calibration.
Classify the LULC. This can be done using a variety of supervised and unsupervised classification methods.
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Analyze the LULC and LST data. This can be done using a variety of statistical and geospatial methods to identify trends and patterns.
Predict the future LULC and LST. This can be done using a variety of machine learning and time series forecasting methods.
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Inorganic compounds: These include heavy metals, salts, and other inorganic chemicals.
Microorganisms: These include bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.
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Fabric Manufacturing Technology for Shoe UpperTanvir Moin
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YARN MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY FOR SHOE UPPERTanvir Moin
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Artificial Neural Networks for footwear industryTanvir Moin
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- The backpropagation learning method from 1974 allowed multi-layer networks to be trained and regain interest in the 1980s for applications in domains like medicine and marketing.
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The document discusses various types of shoes and shoe anatomy. It outlines 7 basic shoe styles: sandals, moccasins, clogs, pumps, mules, oxfords, and boots. The anatomy of shoes is described including the upper, vamp, tongue, collar, eyelets, counter, quarter, and sole components. Guidelines are provided for proper shoe fitting and determining when shoes need replacement. Minimalist and diabetic shoe styles are also summarized.
Nanotechnology is used in the characteristics imported to leather and textiles in the footwear industry, which include self-cleaning fabrics, dye capability enhancement, flame retardation, UV and anti-static protection, anti-bacteria, wrinkle resistance, soil resistance, and water repellence
Why is spectrophotometer used in the leather & textile footwear industry?
In the leather & textile footwear industry, using a spectrophotometer to capture both color and appearance on a physical sample has greatly improved quality, consistency, and speed to market. To make color approvals on-screen, the digital color file must also be color-accurate when it is imported into the design software
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Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Road construction is not as easy as it seems to be, it includes various steps and it starts with its designing and
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Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
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- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
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Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Tools & Techniques for Commissioning and Maintaining PV Systems W-Animations ...Transcat
Join us for this solutions-based webinar on the tools and techniques for commissioning and maintaining PV Systems. In this session, we'll review the process of building and maintaining a solar array, starting with installation and commissioning, then reviewing operations and maintenance of the system. This course will review insulation resistance testing, I-V curve testing, earth-bond continuity, ground resistance testing, performance tests, visual inspections, ground and arc fault testing procedures, and power quality analysis.
Fluke Solar Application Specialist Will White is presenting on this engaging topic:
Will has worked in the renewable energy industry since 2005, first as an installer for a small east coast solar integrator before adding sales, design, and project management to his skillset. In 2022, Will joined Fluke as a solar application specialist, where he supports their renewable energy testing equipment like IV-curve tracers, electrical meters, and thermal imaging cameras. Experienced in wind power, solar thermal, energy storage, and all scales of PV, Will has primarily focused on residential and small commercial systems. He is passionate about implementing high-quality, code-compliant installation techniques.
2. Submitted to:
Dr. Rowshan Mamtaz
Professor
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
BUET
Submitted by:
Tanvir Siddike Moin
3. INTRODUCTION
Pharmaceutical solid waste is a separate component of general pharmaceutical waste.
As it is solid, it is disposed of in a different way to wastewater.
Unlike wastewater, which is returned to the environment or the municipal waterways, solid waste has to be disposed of.
It is estimated that every kilogram of pharmaceutical product, a hundred kilograms of waste is produced.
Thus, an effective disposal system is important.
Also, pharmaceutical waste may also consist of hazardous material.
This material needs to be disposed of properly or it will cause severe harm to the environment.
4. CATEGORIZATION
The solid waste in pharmaceutical industries
is often broadly categorized into two parts.
These are as follows.
Pharmaceutical Sludge
Pharmaceutical Solid Waste
Furthermore, pharmaceutical solid waste can
be divided into three parts, which are as
follows.
Hazardous Waste
Non-hazardous Waste
Chemical Waste
5. PHARMACEUTICAL SLUDGE
This is the sludge that is gathered from treating pharmaceutical wastewater. It consists
of many dangerous chemicals that can be harmful to human health and to the
ecosystem.
It includes antibiotics, pesticides, antiviral agents, hormones and toxic substances.
These often alter and physical and chemical properties of the sludge and must be
stabilized and disposed of properly.
Pharmaceutical sludge is the semi-solid residue that is generated during the wastewater
treatment process in pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities. It contains high levels of
organic matter, suspended solids, and contaminants, and requires careful management
to prevent environmental pollution.
6. C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S O F P H A R M A C E U T I C A L S L U D G E WA S T E
Here are some of the characteristics of pharmaceutical sludge waste:
High organic matter content: Pharmaceutical sludge waste is typically high in organic matter due to the presence of various
organic compounds, including drugs, solvents, and other chemicals used in pharmaceutical production.
Presence of hazardous materials: Pharmaceutical sludge waste can contain hazardous materials, such as heavy metals, toxic
chemicals, and infectious agents that can pose a threat to human health and the environment.
Varying composition: The composition of pharmaceutical sludge waste can vary depending on the types of drugs being
produced and the processes used to manufacture them. The waste may contain different chemicals and have different
properties from one facility to another.
High volume: Pharmaceutical sludge waste is generated in large volumes, especially in facilities that produce large quantities
of drugs. This can make storage and disposal challenging and expensive.
Difficult to treat: Pharmaceutical sludge waste is difficult to treat due to its high organic matter content and the presence of
hazardous materials. Proper treatment is necessary to ensure the waste is safe for disposal.
Regulations: There are strict regulations governing the handling, treatment, and disposal of pharmaceutical sludge waste to
protect human health and the environment. Companies must comply with these regulations to avoid penalties and ensure
proper disposal.
7. P H A R M A C E U T I C A L S L U D G E WA S T E
Referrence: https://shincci-global.com/reference/application/Pharmaceutical-Application
8. PHARMACEUTICAL SLUDGE TREATMENT PROCESS
The treatment process for
pharmaceutical sludge typically
involves several steps,
including:
Thickening: The sludge is first
fed into a thickener tank, where
the water content is reduced by
gravity settling. This step helps
to concentrate the sludge and
reduce its volume, making it
easier to handle and transport.
Conditioning: The thickened
sludge is then conditioned with
chemical additives, such as
flocculants or coagulants, to
promote settling and
dewatering.
Dewatering: The conditioned
sludge is fed into a mechanical
dewatering device, such as a
belt press or a filter press, to
remove excess water and create
a cake-like material.
Stabilization: The dewatered
sludge cake is then stabilized
through various methods, such
as thermal or biological
treatment, to reduce its organic
content and make it safe for
disposal.
Disposal: The stabilized sludge
can be disposed of in various
ways, such as landfilling,
incineration, or beneficial reuse.
9. PHARMACEUTICAL
SLUDGE
TREATMENT
Pharmaceutical sludge is the semi-solid
residue generated during the wastewater
treatment process in pharmaceutical
manufacturing facilities.
The sludge contains high levels of organic
matter, suspended solids, and
contaminants and requires careful
treatment to prevent environmental
pollution.
It is important to follow relevant
regulations and guidelines for the
treatment and disposal of pharmaceutical
sludge to prevent environmental pollution
and ensure public health and safety.
Proper treatment and disposal of
pharmaceutical sludge can also promote
sustainability by recovering valuable
resources and reducing waste.
10. FILTRATION PROCESS
FOR
PHARMACEUTICAL
SLUDGE TREATMENT
Filtration is one of the mechanical
dewatering methods used in the
treatment of pharmaceutical sludge.
The filtration process involves passing
the sludge through a porous medium,
such as a filter cloth or a filter press,
to separate the solid material from the
liquid.
Filtration is an effective method for
dewatering pharmaceutical sludge, but
it requires proper equipment and
maintenance to ensure optimal
performance.
It is important to follow relevant
regulations and guidelines for the
treatment and disposal of
pharmaceutical sludge to prevent
environmental pollution and ensure
public health and safety.
11. FILTRATION PROCESS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL
SLUDGE TREATMENT
The filtration process for
pharmaceutical sludge
treatment typically involves
several steps, including:
Pre-treatment: The sludge is first
conditioned with
chemical additives, such as
flocculants or coagulants, to
promote settling and dewatering.
Filtration: The conditioned
sludge is fed into a
filtration device, such as a filter
press or a belt filter, where it
passes through a porous medium.
The porous medium captures the
solid material, while the liquid
passes through and is collected for
further treatment.
Washing: The solid material
captured by the porous medium is
washed with clean water to
remove any remaining liquid and
further reduce the water content.
Drying: The washed solid
material is then dried to
further reduce the water content
and create a cake-like material.
Disposal: The dried cake can be
disposed of in various ways, such
as landfilling, incineration, or
beneficial reuse.
12. P H A R M AC E U T I C A L
S O L I D WA S T E
This consists of waste other than sludge.
It can include many things.
Expired and spilled medicine, bottles and other containers, and more
are all part of this.
These wastes can be divided into three parts.
They are as follows.
Hazardous waste in the pharmaceutical industry includes waste materials that
pose a significant risk to human health and the environment, such as expired drugs,
contaminated glassware, and chemical solvents.
Non-hazardous waste includes waste materials that do not pose a
significant risk to human health and the environment, such as paper and
cardboard packaging, plastic waste, and general office waste.
Chemical waste includes waste materials that contain hazardous
chemicals and require special handling and disposal, such as expired or
unused chemicals, cleaning agents, and reagents.
Proper handling, segregation, treatment, and disposal of solid waste
in the pharmaceutical industry are essential to prevent environmental
pollution, promote sustainability, and ensure public health and safety.
13. P H A R M A C E U T I C A L S O L I D WA S T E
14. P H A R M A C E U T I C A L
S O L I D W A S T E
The pharmaceutical industry generates various types of solid wastes that
require careful management to prevent environmental pollution and ensure
public health and safety.
Some of the common types of solid wastes generated in the
pharmaceutical industry include:
Raw Material Waste: This includes unused and expired raw materials that are no
longer useful for manufacturing medicines.
Production Waste: This includes waste generated during the manufacturing
process, such as broken tablets, rejected batches, and packaging materials.
Laboratory Waste: This includes waste generated during the research and
development of new drugs, such as used lab equipment, expired chemicals, and
contaminated glassware.
Regulatory requirements: The handling, storage, transportation, and disposal of
pharmaceutical solid waste are subject to strict regulatory requirements to protect
human health and the environment.
Recycling opportunities: Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly exploring
ways to recycle solid waste materials, such as plastics and paper, to reduce their
environmental impact and improve sustainability.
Security: The disposal of certain pharmaceutical waste materials, such as expired
drugs and sensitive testing patient information, requires proper security measures to
avoid any misuse or abuse.
15. C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S O F P H A R M A C E U T I C A L S O L I D WA S T E
Here are some characteristics of pharmaceutical solid waste:
Hazardous materials: Pharmaceutical solid waste may contain hazardous materials such as drugs, chemicals, heavy
metals, and other toxic compounds.
Varying composition: The composition of pharmaceutical solid waste can vary depending on the type of drugs being
produced and the processes used to manufacture them.
Volume: Pharmaceutical solid waste can be generated in significant volumes, depending on the size of the production
facility.
Packaging waste: Pharmaceutical solid waste may include packaging materials, such as paper, cardboard, plastics, and
glass.
Biological waste: Pharmaceutical solid waste may include biological materials, such as expired or contaminated drugs,
that require proper disposal to avoid contamination.
16. PHARMACEUTICAL SOLID WASTE
Pharmaceutical Solid Waste Treatment Process:
Segregation: Pharmaceutical companies should segregate the waste into different categories based on their properties, such as
hazardous and non-hazardous waste, recyclable and non-recyclable waste.
Reduce Waste Generation: Companies can minimize waste generation by optimizing production processes, reducing packaging
materials, and purchasing raw materials in bulk to reduce packaging waste.
Reuse and Recycling: Companies can reuse and recycle waste materials wherever possible. Waste materials generated during the
manufacturing process can be reused in other processes or recycled.
Treatment and Disposal: Hazardous waste should be treated and disposed of following appropriate regulations and guidelines. Solid
waste can be disposed of in landfills or incinerators, depending on the type of waste and local regulations.
Monitoring and Reporting: Companies should monitor their waste management practices regularly and keep records of waste
generated and disposed of. They should also report their waste management practices to regulatory authorities as required.
17. P H A R M A C E U T I C A L S O L I D WA S T E
Treatment or Disposal
• There is not much treatment of solid
pharmaceutical waste.
• Most of the time solid waste is disposed of.
Methods of Solid Waste Disposal
1.Landfills
2.Incineration
3.Source reduction
4.Composting
5.Recycling
18. PHARMACEUTICAL SOLID WASTE
LANDFILLS
• Landfills are physical facilities used for the disposal of residual solid wastes in the
surface soils of the earth
• US. EPA defines a landfill as a system designed and constructed to contain discarded
waste to minimize releases of contaminants to the environment
• Solid pharmaceutical waste is usually incinerated but, in some places, (e.g California)
most of the solid waste is landfilled
• Proper landfill waste management in the pharmaceutical industry requires a
comprehensive approach that includes waste reduction, segregation, storage,
employee training, and working with licensed waste management companies. By
implementing these best practices, pharmaceutical companies can minimize the impact
of their waste on the environment and protect public health and safety.
20. LANDFILLS
Here are some best practices for landfill waste management in the pharmaceutical industry:
Characterize waste materials: Proper characterization of waste materials is critical to ensure that they are handled and
disposed of safely. Hazardous waste materials should be segregated from non-hazardous materials and appropriately
labeled and stored.
Reduce waste generation: The best way to manage waste is to reduce its generation. The pharmaceutical industry can
reduce waste generation by optimizing production processes, using greener chemistry methods, and reducing packaging
and labeling.
Implement segregation and storage: Hazardous waste materials should be segregated from non-hazardous materials and
stored in appropriate containers. The storage area should be secure and meet the necessary regulatory requirements.
Train employees: Employees handling waste should receive adequate training on waste management practices, including
how to segregate waste, how to use protective equipment, and how to handle emergencies.
Work with licensed waste management companies: Pharmaceutical companies should work with licensed waste
management companies to ensure that hazardous waste materials are transported and disposed of safely and in compliance
with local and federal regulations.
Monitor and audit waste management practices: Companies should regularly monitor waste management practices to
identify any areas of improvement and ensure compliance with local and federal regulations.
21. INCINERATION
• Incineration is a common method of solid waste management in the pharmaceutical
industry for hazardous waste materials.
• incineration is a viable solid waste management option for hazardous waste materials in
the pharmaceutical industry.
• Incineration is a process that involves burning solid waste at high temperatures to
convert it into ash, gases, and heat.
• This method can reduce the volume of waste by up to 90% and generate energy.
• However, incineration can also produce air pollutants and toxic ash, so it requires
careful management.
• By implementing these best practices, pharmaceutical companies can ensure that
hazardous waste materials are incinerated safely, in compliance with regulations,
and with minimal impact on the environment.
23. INCINERATION
Here are some best practices for incineration solid waste management in the pharmaceutical industry:
Segregation and characterization of waste: Proper segregation and characterization of waste are essential to ensure that
hazardous waste materials are incinerated safely. Hazardous waste materials should be identified, separated from non-
hazardous materials, and properly labeled.
Compliance with regulations: Incineration of hazardous waste materials in the pharmaceutical industry is regulated by local and
federal regulations. Companies should ensure compliance with all applicable regulations, such as the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA), to minimize the environmental impact of incineration.
Use of appropriate incineration technology: Pharmaceutical companies should use appropriate incineration technology to
ensure that waste materials are incinerated safely and efficiently. The choice of incineration technology will depend on the
type and quantity of waste being incinerated.
Proper operation and maintenance of incinerators: Regular maintenance of incinerators is essential to ensure that they
are operating safely and efficiently. This includes monitoring and recording operational data, routine inspections, and
cleaning of the incinerator.
Training of employees: Employees handling hazardous waste materials and operating incinerators should receive adequate
training on proper waste management practices, including incineration.
Proper handling and transport of waste: Hazardous waste materials should be transported and handled safely to minimize
the risk of accidents or spills.
24. SOURCE REDUCTION
Source reduction, also known as waste
minimization, is an important solid waste
management approach in the pharmaceutical
industry.
Source reduction is a proactive approach to
solid waste management that can help
pharmaceutical companies reduce their
environmental impact and improve
sustainability. By implementing these best
practices, pharmaceutical companies can reduce
waste generation, minimize the amount of waste
sent to landfills or incinerators, and improve
their overall environmental performance.
26. SOURCE REDUCTION
Here are some best practices for source reduction solid waste management in the pharmaceutical industry:
Evaluate and optimize processes: Pharmaceutical companies should evaluate their manufacturing processes to identify
areas where waste can be reduced or eliminated. This may include optimizing batch sizes, reducing the use of solvents or
other hazardous materials, and identifying opportunities to reuse or recycle materials.
Implement green chemistry principles: The use of green chemistry principles can help pharmaceutical companies
design safer, more sustainable processes that generate less waste. Green chemistry principles include using non-toxic or
less hazardous chemicals, using renewable feedstocks, and designing products that are easier to recycle or dispose of.
Reduce packaging waste: Packaging waste can be a significant source of waste in the pharmaceutical industry.
Companies can reduce packaging waste by using smaller or more efficient packaging, designing packaging that is easier to
recycle, and implementing a closed-loop packaging system.
Implement a waste segregation program: Proper segregation of waste materials can help minimize the amount of waste
that ends up in landfills or incinerators. Companies should implement a waste segregation program that separates
hazardous and non-hazardous waste materials, and identifies opportunities for recycling or reuse.
Train employees on waste reduction practices: Employee training is essential to ensure that waste reduction practices
are implemented effectively. Employees should be trained on the importance of source reduction, how to identify
opportunities for waste reduction, and how to properly segregate waste materials.
Measure and track waste generation: Companies should measure and track waste generation to monitor progress in
waste reduction efforts. This data can be used to identify areas where further improvements can be made and to set waste
reduction goals.
27. COMPOSTING
Composting is a sustainable solid waste
management approach that can be applied to
organic waste materials in the
pharmaceutical industry.
Overall, composting is a sustainable solid
waste management approach that can help
pharmaceutical companies reduce their
environmental impact and improve
sustainability.
By implementing these best practices,
pharmaceutical companies can divert
organic waste materials from landfills,
reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, and
promote soil health.
29. COMPOSTING
Here are some best practices for composting solid waste management in the pharmaceutical industry:
Identify suitable organic waste materials: Organic waste materials that can be composted include food waste, paper, and yard
waste. In the pharmaceutical industry, suitable organic waste materials may include expired or unused medicines, plant materials
used in research, and non-hazardous lab waste.
Implement a waste segregation program: To ensure that organic waste materials are properly identified and separated,
companies should implement a waste segregation program. This program should include clear signage, designated collection
containers, and employee training on how to properly segregate organic waste materials.
Choose the right composting method: The choice of composting method will depend on the quantity and quality of organic waste
materials being composted. Composting methods may include in-vessel composting, windrow composting, or vermicomposting.
Maintain the composting system: Proper maintenance of the composting system is essential to ensure that the composting
process is effective and efficient. This may include monitoring the temperature and moisture content of the compost pile, turning
the pile regularly, and adding appropriate amounts of bulking agents.
Use compost for landscaping and gardening: Once the composting process is complete, the resulting compost can be used for
landscaping and gardening purposes. This can help reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and improve soil health.
Monitor and evaluate the composting program: Companies should regularly monitor and evaluate their composting program to
ensure that it is effective in reducing waste and improving sustainability. This may include measuring the amount of organic waste
being composted, evaluating the quality of the resulting compost, and identifying opportunities for improvement.
30. RECYCLING
Recycling is a process to convert waste materials into new
products to prevent:
• waste of potentially useful materials,
• reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials,
• reduce energy usage,
• reduce air pollution (from incineration) and
• water pollution (from landfilling) by reducing the need for
"conventional" waste disposal and
• lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to plastic
production.
Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction
and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse and
Recycle" waste hierarchy.
Recycling is an important solid waste management approach in the pharmaceutical industry that can help reduce
waste and promote sustainability.
31. RECYCLING
Here are some best practices for
recycling solid waste management in the
pharmaceutical industry:
Identify materials for recycling:
Companies should identify materials that
can be recycled in their operations,
including paper, cardboard, plastics, glass,
and metal.
In the pharmaceutical industry, other
materials that can be recycled may include
packaging materials, laboratory equipment,
and batteries.
Implement a recycling program:
Companies should implement a recycling
program that includes clear signage,
designated collection containers, and
employee training on how to properly
segregate recyclable materials.
Partner with a reputable recycling
service: Companies should partner with a
reputable recycling service that can collect
and process the recyclable materials.
The recycling service should be able to
provide clear information on what
materials they accept, their recycling
processes, and their environmental impact.
Develop a closed-loop recycling system:
Companies can develop a closed-loop
recycling system by using recycled
materials in their own operations.
Recycled paper can be used in the
production of packaging materials, or
recycled metal can be used in the
production of laboratory equipment.
Evaluate and optimize recycling efforts:
Companies should regularly evaluate and
optimize their recycling efforts to ensure
that they are effective in reducing waste
and improving sustainability.
This may include measuring the amount of
material being recycled, identifying
opportunities for improvement, and setting
recycling goals.
Consider extended producer
responsibility: Extended producer
responsibility (EPR) is a policy approach
that holds manufacturers responsible for
the end-of-life disposal of their products.
Companies in the pharmaceutical industry
can consider implementing EPR programs
to help promote recycling and reduce
waste.
32. ECR
Specification
Reference: Environmental Conservation Rules 1997
• T h e E n v i r o n m e n t a l C o n s e r v a t i o n R u l e s 1 9 9 7 i s a s e t o f r e g u l a t i o n s i n t r o d u c e d b y t h e G o v e r n m e n t o f B a n g l a d e s h t o p r o t e c t a n d c o n s e r v e t h e e n v i r o n m e n t . I t i n c l u d e s s p e c i f i c a t i o n s
f o r s o l i d w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t , w h i c h a r e a i m e d a t r e d u c i n g t h e a m o u n t o f w a s t e g e n e r a t e d , p r o m o t i n g r e c y c l i n g a n d s a f e d i s p o s a l o f w a s t e .
• S o m e o f t h e k e y s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r s o l i d w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t u n d e r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t a l C o n s e r v a t i o n R u l e s 1 9 9 7 a r e :
• W a s t e R e d u c t i o n : T h e r u l e s e n c o u r a g e w a s t e r e d u c t i o n b y p r o m o t i n g t h e u s e o f r e u s a b l e a n d r e c y c l a b l e m a t e r i a l s .
• S e g r e g a t i o n o f w a s t e : T h e r u l e s r e q u i r e t h a t w a s t e s h o u l d b e s e g r e g a t e d i n t o d i f f e r e n t c a t e g o r i e s s u c h a s o r g a n i c , r e c y c l a b l e , a n d h a z a r d o u s w a s t e .
• C o l l e c t i o n a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n : T h e r u l e s s p e c i f y t h a t w a s t e s h o u l d b e c o l l e c t e d a n d t r a n s p o r t e d i n a s a f e a n d h y g i e n i c m a n n e r . T h e y a l s o o u t l i n e g u i d e l i n e s f o r t h e c o l l e c t i o n
a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f w a s t e .
• T r e a t m e n t a n d d i s p o s a l : T h e r u l e s r e q u i r e t h a t w a s t e s h o u l d b e t r e a t e d a n d d i s p o s e d o f i n a s a f e a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l l y f r i e n d l y m a n n e r . T h e y a l s o p r o v i d e g u i d e l i n e s f o r t h e
o p e r a t i o n a n d m a i n t e n a n c e o f w a s t e t r e a t m e n t a n d d i s p o s a l f a c i l i t i e s .
• E n f o r c e m e n t a n d m o n i t o r i n g : T h e r u l e s p r o v i d e f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f r e g u l a t o r y b o d i e s t o e n f o r c e t h e r e g u l a t i o n s a n d m o n i t o r c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e r u l e s .
• P u b l i c a w a r e n e s s a n d p a r t i c i p a t i o n : T h e r u l e s e n c o u r a g e p u b l i c p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t b y p r o m o t i n g a w a r e n e s s c a m p a i g n s a n d p u b l i c e d u c a t i o n p r o g r a m s .
• O v e r a l l , t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r s o l i d w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t u n d e r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t a l C o n s e r v a t i o n R u l e s 1 9 9 7 a i m t o e n s u r e t h a t w a s t e i s m a n a g e d i n a s a f e , h y g i e n i c , a n d
e n v i r o n m e n t a l l y f r i e n d l y m a n n e r , a n d t h a t t h e i m p a c t o f w a s t e o n t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a n d p u b l i c h e a l t h i s m i n i m i z e d .
34. INCEPTA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY
SLUDGE WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Land application: This involves applying sludge to agricultural land as a fertilizer. The sludge
can provide nutrients and organic matter to the soil, but careful monitoring is required to
ensure that it does not contain harmful contaminants.
• Incineration: This method involves burning the sludge at high temperatures to reduce it to ash.
This can be an effective way to dispose of sludge waste, but it can be expensive and may
generate air pollution.
• Anaerobic digestion: This is a process in which microorganisms break down the sludge in the
absence of oxygen. This can produce biogas, which can be used for energy production.
• Composting: This involves mixing the sludge with other organic materials to create a soil
amendment. Composting can be an effective way to reduce the volume of sludge waste and
create a useful product.
35. INCEPTA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Segregation of waste: The company should segregate the waste into different categories based
on their nature and composition. This includes segregating hazardous and non -hazardous
waste, as well as biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
• Use of recyclable materials: The company should aim to use recyclable materials in their
production processes wherever possible to reduce the amount of waste generated.
• Treatment of hazardous waste: Hazardous waste should be treated using appropriate methods,
such as incineration, chemical treatment, or biological treatment, to neutralize and render it
safe for disposal.
• Disposal of non-hazardous waste: Non-hazardous waste can be disposed of in landfills or
through other safe and environmentally friendly methods, such as recycling or composting.
• Compliance with regulations: The company should comply with all relevant regulations and
laws governing the disposal of waste, including obtaining the necessary permits and licenses.
36. CONCLUSION
Pharmaceutical waste poses its unique set of issues.
These have to be dealt with lest they impact the environment and human health.
The variety in pharmaceutical chemicals and biochemicals means that hazardous
pollution is almost always caused by pharmaceutical waste.
The procedures for treatment exist.
Bangladesh in particular is to take in action these dictrives, as otherwise risk is posed on
the natural environment and human well-being.