The document discusses solid waste management in the pharmaceutical industry, which includes both pharmaceutical sludge and solid waste types. It highlights the generation of hazardous and non-hazardous waste, emphasizing the importance of proper handling, treatment, and disposal to mitigate environmental impacts. Best practices for waste management, such as incineration, landfilling, source reduction, and composting, are outlined to promote sustainability and ensure regulatory compliance.

1. SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN THE
PHARMACEUTICAL
INDUSTRY

2. Submitted to:
Dr. Rowshan Mamtaz
Professor
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
BUET
Submitted by:
Tanvir Siddike Moin

3. INTRODUCTION
Pharmaceutical solid waste is a separate component of general pharmaceutical waste.
As it is solid, it is disposed of in a different way to wastewater.
Unlike wastewater, which is returned to the environment or the municipal waterways, solid waste has to be disposed of.
It is estimated that every kilogram of pharmaceutical product, a hundred kilograms of waste is produced.
Thus, an effective disposal system is important.
Also, pharmaceutical waste may also consist of hazardous material.
This material needs to be disposed of properly or it will cause severe harm to the environment.

4. CATEGORIZATION
The solid waste in pharmaceutical industries
is often broadly categorized into two parts.
These are as follows.
Pharmaceutical Sludge
Pharmaceutical Solid Waste
Furthermore, pharmaceutical solid waste can
be divided into three parts, which are as
follows.
Hazardous Waste
Non-hazardous Waste
Chemical Waste

5. PHARMACEUTICAL SLUDGE
 This is the sludge that is gathered from treating pharmaceutical wastewater. It consists
of many dangerous chemicals that can be harmful to human health and to the
ecosystem.
 It includes antibiotics, pesticides, antiviral agents, hormones and toxic substances.
 These often alter and physical and chemical properties of the sludge and must be
stabilized and disposed of properly.
Pharmaceutical sludge is the semi-solid residue that is generated during the wastewater
treatment process in pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities. It contains high levels of
organic matter, suspended solids, and contaminants, and requires careful management
to prevent environmental pollution.

6. C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S O F P H A R M A C E U T I C A L S L U D G E WA S T E
Here are some of the characteristics of pharmaceutical sludge waste:
High organic matter content: Pharmaceutical sludge waste is typically high in organic matter due to the presence of various
organic compounds, including drugs, solvents, and other chemicals used in pharmaceutical production.
Presence of hazardous materials: Pharmaceutical sludge waste can contain hazardous materials, such as heavy metals, toxic
chemicals, and infectious agents that can pose a threat to human health and the environment.
Varying composition: The composition of pharmaceutical sludge waste can vary depending on the types of drugs being
produced and the processes used to manufacture them. The waste may contain different chemicals and have different
properties from one facility to another.
High volume: Pharmaceutical sludge waste is generated in large volumes, especially in facilities that produce large quantities
of drugs. This can make storage and disposal challenging and expensive.
Difficult to treat: Pharmaceutical sludge waste is difficult to treat due to its high organic matter content and the presence of
hazardous materials. Proper treatment is necessary to ensure the waste is safe for disposal.
Regulations: There are strict regulations governing the handling, treatment, and disposal of pharmaceutical sludge waste to
protect human health and the environment. Companies must comply with these regulations to avoid penalties and ensure
proper disposal.

7. P H A R M A C E U T I C A L S L U D G E WA S T E
Referrence: https://shincci-global.com/reference/application/Pharmaceutical-Application

8. PHARMACEUTICAL SLUDGE TREATMENT PROCESS
The treatment process for
pharmaceutical sludge typically
involves several steps,
including:
Thickening: The sludge is first
fed into a thickener tank, where
the water content is reduced by
gravity settling. This step helps
to concentrate the sludge and
reduce its volume, making it
easier to handle and transport.
Conditioning: The thickened
sludge is then conditioned with
chemical additives, such as
flocculants or coagulants, to
promote settling and
dewatering.
Dewatering: The conditioned
sludge is fed into a mechanical
dewatering device, such as a
belt press or a filter press, to
remove excess water and create
a cake-like material.
Stabilization: The dewatered
sludge cake is then stabilized
through various methods, such
as thermal or biological
treatment, to reduce its organic
content and make it safe for
disposal.
Disposal: The stabilized sludge
can be disposed of in various
ways, such as landfilling,
incineration, or beneficial reuse.

9. PHARMACEUTICAL
SLUDGE
TREATMENT
Pharmaceutical sludge is the semi-solid
residue generated during the wastewater
treatment process in pharmaceutical
manufacturing facilities.
The sludge contains high levels of organic
matter, suspended solids, and
contaminants and requires careful
treatment to prevent environmental
pollution.
It is important to follow relevant
regulations and guidelines for the
treatment and disposal of pharmaceutical
sludge to prevent environmental pollution
and ensure public health and safety.
Proper treatment and disposal of
pharmaceutical sludge can also promote
sustainability by recovering valuable
resources and reducing waste.

10. FILTRATION PROCESS
FOR
PHARMACEUTICAL
SLUDGE TREATMENT
 Filtration is one of the mechanical
dewatering methods used in the
treatment of pharmaceutical sludge.
 The filtration process involves passing
the sludge through a porous medium,
such as a filter cloth or a filter press,
to separate the solid material from the
liquid.
 Filtration is an effective method for
dewatering pharmaceutical sludge, but
it requires proper equipment and
maintenance to ensure optimal
performance.
 It is important to follow relevant
regulations and guidelines for the
treatment and disposal of
pharmaceutical sludge to prevent
environmental pollution and ensure
public health and safety.

11. FILTRATION PROCESS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL
SLUDGE TREATMENT
The filtration process for
pharmaceutical sludge
treatment typically involves
several steps, including:
Pre-treatment: The sludge is first
conditioned with
chemical additives, such as
flocculants or coagulants, to
promote settling and dewatering.
Filtration: The conditioned
sludge is fed into a
filtration device, such as a filter
press or a belt filter, where it
passes through a porous medium.
The porous medium captures the
solid material, while the liquid
passes through and is collected for
further treatment.
Washing: The solid material
captured by the porous medium is
washed with clean water to
remove any remaining liquid and
further reduce the water content.
Drying: The washed solid
material is then dried to
further reduce the water content
and create a cake-like material.
Disposal: The dried cake can be
disposed of in various ways, such
as landfilling, incineration, or
beneficial reuse.

12. P H A R M AC E U T I C A L
S O L I D WA S T E
This consists of waste other than sludge.
It can include many things.
Expired and spilled medicine, bottles and other containers, and more
are all part of this.
These wastes can be divided into three parts.
They are as follows.
Hazardous waste in the pharmaceutical industry includes waste materials that
pose a significant risk to human health and the environment, such as expired drugs,
contaminated glassware, and chemical solvents.
Non-hazardous waste includes waste materials that do not pose a
significant risk to human health and the environment, such as paper and
cardboard packaging, plastic waste, and general office waste.
Chemical waste includes waste materials that contain hazardous
chemicals and require special handling and disposal, such as expired or
unused chemicals, cleaning agents, and reagents.
Proper handling, segregation, treatment, and disposal of solid waste
in the pharmaceutical industry are essential to prevent environmental
pollution, promote sustainability, and ensure public health and safety.

13. P H A R M A C E U T I C A L S O L I D WA S T E

14. P H A R M A C E U T I C A L
S O L I D W A S T E
The pharmaceutical industry generates various types of solid wastes that
require careful management to prevent environmental pollution and ensure
public health and safety.
Some of the common types of solid wastes generated in the
pharmaceutical industry include:
Raw Material Waste: This includes unused and expired raw materials that are no
longer useful for manufacturing medicines.
Production Waste: This includes waste generated during the manufacturing
process, such as broken tablets, rejected batches, and packaging materials.
Laboratory Waste: This includes waste generated during the research and
development of new drugs, such as used lab equipment, expired chemicals, and
contaminated glassware.
Regulatory requirements: The handling, storage, transportation, and disposal of
pharmaceutical solid waste are subject to strict regulatory requirements to protect
human health and the environment.
Recycling opportunities: Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly exploring
ways to recycle solid waste materials, such as plastics and paper, to reduce their
environmental impact and improve sustainability.
Security: The disposal of certain pharmaceutical waste materials, such as expired
drugs and sensitive testing patient information, requires proper security measures to
avoid any misuse or abuse.

15. C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S O F P H A R M A C E U T I C A L S O L I D WA S T E
Here are some characteristics of pharmaceutical solid waste:
Hazardous materials: Pharmaceutical solid waste may contain hazardous materials such as drugs, chemicals, heavy
metals, and other toxic compounds.
Varying composition: The composition of pharmaceutical solid waste can vary depending on the type of drugs being
produced and the processes used to manufacture them.
Volume: Pharmaceutical solid waste can be generated in significant volumes, depending on the size of the production
facility.
Packaging waste: Pharmaceutical solid waste may include packaging materials, such as paper, cardboard, plastics, and
glass.
Biological waste: Pharmaceutical solid waste may include biological materials, such as expired or contaminated drugs,
that require proper disposal to avoid contamination.

16. PHARMACEUTICAL SOLID WASTE
Pharmaceutical Solid Waste Treatment Process:
Segregation: Pharmaceutical companies should segregate the waste into different categories based on their properties, such as
hazardous and non-hazardous waste, recyclable and non-recyclable waste.
Reduce Waste Generation: Companies can minimize waste generation by optimizing production processes, reducing packaging
materials, and purchasing raw materials in bulk to reduce packaging waste.
Reuse and Recycling: Companies can reuse and recycle waste materials wherever possible. Waste materials generated during the
manufacturing process can be reused in other processes or recycled.
Treatment and Disposal: Hazardous waste should be treated and disposed of following appropriate regulations and guidelines. Solid
waste can be disposed of in landfills or incinerators, depending on the type of waste and local regulations.
Monitoring and Reporting: Companies should monitor their waste management practices regularly and keep records of waste
generated and disposed of. They should also report their waste management practices to regulatory authorities as required.

17. P H A R M A C E U T I C A L S O L I D WA S T E
Treatment or Disposal
• There is not much treatment of solid
pharmaceutical waste.
• Most of the time solid waste is disposed of.
Methods of Solid Waste Disposal
1.Landfills
2.Incineration
3.Source reduction
4.Composting
5.Recycling

18. PHARMACEUTICAL SOLID WASTE
LANDFILLS
• Landfills are physical facilities used for the disposal of residual solid wastes in the
surface soils of the earth
• US. EPA defines a landfill as a system designed and constructed to contain discarded
waste to minimize releases of contaminants to the environment
• Solid pharmaceutical waste is usually incinerated but, in some places, (e.g California)
most of the solid waste is landfilled
• Proper landfill waste management in the pharmaceutical industry requires a
comprehensive approach that includes waste reduction, segregation, storage,
employee training, and working with licensed waste management companies. By
implementing these best practices, pharmaceutical companies can minimize the impact
of their waste on the environment and protect public health and safety.

19. LANDFILLS
Referrence:https://www.malsparo.com/landfill.htm

20. LANDFILLS
Here are some best practices for landfill waste management in the pharmaceutical industry:
Characterize waste materials: Proper characterization of waste materials is critical to ensure that they are handled and
disposed of safely. Hazardous waste materials should be segregated from non-hazardous materials and appropriately
labeled and stored.
Reduce waste generation: The best way to manage waste is to reduce its generation. The pharmaceutical industry can
reduce waste generation by optimizing production processes, using greener chemistry methods, and reducing packaging
and labeling.
Implement segregation and storage: Hazardous waste materials should be segregated from non-hazardous materials and
stored in appropriate containers. The storage area should be secure and meet the necessary regulatory requirements.
Train employees: Employees handling waste should receive adequate training on waste management practices, including
how to segregate waste, how to use protective equipment, and how to handle emergencies.
Work with licensed waste management companies: Pharmaceutical companies should work with licensed waste
management companies to ensure that hazardous waste materials are transported and disposed of safely and in compliance
with local and federal regulations.
Monitor and audit waste management practices: Companies should regularly monitor waste management practices to
identify any areas of improvement and ensure compliance with local and federal regulations.

21. INCINERATION
• Incineration is a common method of solid waste management in the pharmaceutical
industry for hazardous waste materials.
• incineration is a viable solid waste management option for hazardous waste materials in
the pharmaceutical industry.
• Incineration is a process that involves burning solid waste at high temperatures to
convert it into ash, gases, and heat.
• This method can reduce the volume of waste by up to 90% and generate energy.
• However, incineration can also produce air pollutants and toxic ash, so it requires
careful management.
• By implementing these best practices, pharmaceutical companies can ensure that
hazardous waste materials are incinerated safely, in compliance with regulations,
and with minimal impact on the environment.

22. INCINERATION
Referrence:https://www.horiba.com/int/applications/waste-management/solid-waste-management-and-remediation-services/solid-waste-combustors-and-incinerators/

23. INCINERATION
Here are some best practices for incineration solid waste management in the pharmaceutical industry:
Segregation and characterization of waste: Proper segregation and characterization of waste are essential to ensure that
hazardous waste materials are incinerated safely. Hazardous waste materials should be identified, separated from non-
hazardous materials, and properly labeled.
Compliance with regulations: Incineration of hazardous waste materials in the pharmaceutical industry is regulated by local and
federal regulations. Companies should ensure compliance with all applicable regulations, such as the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA), to minimize the environmental impact of incineration.
Use of appropriate incineration technology: Pharmaceutical companies should use appropriate incineration technology to
ensure that waste materials are incinerated safely and efficiently. The choice of incineration technology will depend on the
type and quantity of waste being incinerated.
Proper operation and maintenance of incinerators: Regular maintenance of incinerators is essential to ensure that they
are operating safely and efficiently. This includes monitoring and recording operational data, routine inspections, and
cleaning of the incinerator.
Training of employees: Employees handling hazardous waste materials and operating incinerators should receive adequate
training on proper waste management practices, including incineration.
Proper handling and transport of waste: Hazardous waste materials should be transported and handled safely to minimize
the risk of accidents or spills.

24. SOURCE REDUCTION
Source reduction, also known as waste
minimization, is an important solid waste
management approach in the pharmaceutical
industry.
Source reduction is a proactive approach to
solid waste management that can help
pharmaceutical companies reduce their
environmental impact and improve
sustainability. By implementing these best
practices, pharmaceutical companies can reduce
waste generation, minimize the amount of waste
sent to landfills or incinerators, and improve
their overall environmental performance.

25. SOURCE REDUCTION
Referrence:https://www.epa.gov/smm/sustainable-materials-management-non-hazardous-materials-and-waste-management-hierarchy

26. SOURCE REDUCTION
Here are some best practices for source reduction solid waste management in the pharmaceutical industry:
Evaluate and optimize processes: Pharmaceutical companies should evaluate their manufacturing processes to identify
areas where waste can be reduced or eliminated. This may include optimizing batch sizes, reducing the use of solvents or
other hazardous materials, and identifying opportunities to reuse or recycle materials.
Implement green chemistry principles: The use of green chemistry principles can help pharmaceutical companies
design safer, more sustainable processes that generate less waste. Green chemistry principles include using non-toxic or
less hazardous chemicals, using renewable feedstocks, and designing products that are easier to recycle or dispose of.
Reduce packaging waste: Packaging waste can be a significant source of waste in the pharmaceutical industry.
Companies can reduce packaging waste by using smaller or more efficient packaging, designing packaging that is easier to
recycle, and implementing a closed-loop packaging system.
Implement a waste segregation program: Proper segregation of waste materials can help minimize the amount of waste
that ends up in landfills or incinerators. Companies should implement a waste segregation program that separates
hazardous and non-hazardous waste materials, and identifies opportunities for recycling or reuse.
Train employees on waste reduction practices: Employee training is essential to ensure that waste reduction practices
are implemented effectively. Employees should be trained on the importance of source reduction, how to identify
opportunities for waste reduction, and how to properly segregate waste materials.
Measure and track waste generation: Companies should measure and track waste generation to monitor progress in
waste reduction efforts. This data can be used to identify areas where further improvements can be made and to set waste
reduction goals.

27. COMPOSTING
Composting is a sustainable solid waste
management approach that can be applied to
organic waste materials in the
pharmaceutical industry.
Overall, composting is a sustainable solid
waste management approach that can help
pharmaceutical companies reduce their
environmental impact and improve
sustainability.
By implementing these best practices,
pharmaceutical companies can divert
organic waste materials from landfills,
reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, and
promote soil health.

28. COMPOSTING
Referrence:https://https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost

29. COMPOSTING
Here are some best practices for composting solid waste management in the pharmaceutical industry:
Identify suitable organic waste materials: Organic waste materials that can be composted include food waste, paper, and yard
waste. In the pharmaceutical industry, suitable organic waste materials may include expired or unused medicines, plant materials
used in research, and non-hazardous lab waste.
Implement a waste segregation program: To ensure that organic waste materials are properly identified and separated,
companies should implement a waste segregation program. This program should include clear signage, designated collection
containers, and employee training on how to properly segregate organic waste materials.
Choose the right composting method: The choice of composting method will depend on the quantity and quality of organic waste
materials being composted. Composting methods may include in-vessel composting, windrow composting, or vermicomposting.
Maintain the composting system: Proper maintenance of the composting system is essential to ensure that the composting
process is effective and efficient. This may include monitoring the temperature and moisture content of the compost pile, turning
the pile regularly, and adding appropriate amounts of bulking agents.
Use compost for landscaping and gardening: Once the composting process is complete, the resulting compost can be used for
landscaping and gardening purposes. This can help reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and improve soil health.
Monitor and evaluate the composting program: Companies should regularly monitor and evaluate their composting program to
ensure that it is effective in reducing waste and improving sustainability. This may include measuring the amount of organic waste
being composted, evaluating the quality of the resulting compost, and identifying opportunities for improvement.

30. RECYCLING
Recycling is a process to convert waste materials into new
products to prevent:
• waste of potentially useful materials,
• reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials,
• reduce energy usage,
• reduce air pollution (from incineration) and
• water pollution (from landfilling) by reducing the need for
"conventional" waste disposal and
• lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to plastic
production.
Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction
and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse and
Recycle" waste hierarchy.
Recycling is an important solid waste management approach in the pharmaceutical industry that can help reduce
waste and promote sustainability.

31. RECYCLING
Here are some best practices for
recycling solid waste management in the
pharmaceutical industry:
Identify materials for recycling:
Companies should identify materials that
can be recycled in their operations,
including paper, cardboard, plastics, glass,
and metal.
In the pharmaceutical industry, other
materials that can be recycled may include
packaging materials, laboratory equipment,
and batteries.
Implement a recycling program:
Companies should implement a recycling
program that includes clear signage,
designated collection containers, and
employee training on how to properly
segregate recyclable materials.
Partner with a reputable recycling
service: Companies should partner with a
reputable recycling service that can collect
and process the recyclable materials.
The recycling service should be able to
provide clear information on what
materials they accept, their recycling
processes, and their environmental impact.
Develop a closed-loop recycling system:
Companies can develop a closed-loop
recycling system by using recycled
materials in their own operations.
Recycled paper can be used in the
production of packaging materials, or
recycled metal can be used in the
production of laboratory equipment.
Evaluate and optimize recycling efforts:
Companies should regularly evaluate and
optimize their recycling efforts to ensure
that they are effective in reducing waste
and improving sustainability.
This may include measuring the amount of
material being recycled, identifying
opportunities for improvement, and setting
recycling goals.
Consider extended producer
responsibility: Extended producer
responsibility (EPR) is a policy approach
that holds manufacturers responsible for
the end-of-life disposal of their products.
Companies in the pharmaceutical industry
can consider implementing EPR programs
to help promote recycling and reduce
waste.

32. ECR
Specification
Reference: Environmental Conservation Rules 1997
• T h e E n v i r o n m e n t a l C o n s e r v a t i o n R u l e s 1 9 9 7 i s a s e t o f r e g u l a t i o n s i n t r o d u c e d b y t h e G o v e r n m e n t o f B a n g l a d e s h t o p r o t e c t a n d c o n s e r v e t h e e n v i r o n m e n t . I t i n c l u d e s s p e c i f i c a t i o n s
f o r s o l i d w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t , w h i c h a r e a i m e d a t r e d u c i n g t h e a m o u n t o f w a s t e g e n e r a t e d , p r o m o t i n g r e c y c l i n g a n d s a f e d i s p o s a l o f w a s t e .
• S o m e o f t h e k e y s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r s o l i d w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t u n d e r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t a l C o n s e r v a t i o n R u l e s 1 9 9 7 a r e :
• W a s t e R e d u c t i o n : T h e r u l e s e n c o u r a g e w a s t e r e d u c t i o n b y p r o m o t i n g t h e u s e o f r e u s a b l e a n d r e c y c l a b l e m a t e r i a l s .
• S e g r e g a t i o n o f w a s t e : T h e r u l e s r e q u i r e t h a t w a s t e s h o u l d b e s e g r e g a t e d i n t o d i f f e r e n t c a t e g o r i e s s u c h a s o r g a n i c , r e c y c l a b l e , a n d h a z a r d o u s w a s t e .
• C o l l e c t i o n a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n : T h e r u l e s s p e c i f y t h a t w a s t e s h o u l d b e c o l l e c t e d a n d t r a n s p o r t e d i n a s a f e a n d h y g i e n i c m a n n e r . T h e y a l s o o u t l i n e g u i d e l i n e s f o r t h e c o l l e c t i o n
a n d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f w a s t e .
• T r e a t m e n t a n d d i s p o s a l : T h e r u l e s r e q u i r e t h a t w a s t e s h o u l d b e t r e a t e d a n d d i s p o s e d o f i n a s a f e a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l l y f r i e n d l y m a n n e r . T h e y a l s o p r o v i d e g u i d e l i n e s f o r t h e
o p e r a t i o n a n d m a i n t e n a n c e o f w a s t e t r e a t m e n t a n d d i s p o s a l f a c i l i t i e s .
• E n f o r c e m e n t a n d m o n i t o r i n g : T h e r u l e s p r o v i d e f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f r e g u l a t o r y b o d i e s t o e n f o r c e t h e r e g u l a t i o n s a n d m o n i t o r c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e r u l e s .
• P u b l i c a w a r e n e s s a n d p a r t i c i p a t i o n : T h e r u l e s e n c o u r a g e p u b l i c p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t b y p r o m o t i n g a w a r e n e s s c a m p a i g n s a n d p u b l i c e d u c a t i o n p r o g r a m s .
• O v e r a l l , t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r s o l i d w a s t e m a n a g e m e n t u n d e r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t a l C o n s e r v a t i o n R u l e s 1 9 9 7 a i m t o e n s u r e t h a t w a s t e i s m a n a g e d i n a s a f e , h y g i e n i c , a n d
e n v i r o n m e n t a l l y f r i e n d l y m a n n e r , a n d t h a t t h e i m p a c t o f w a s t e o n t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a n d p u b l i c h e a l t h i s m i n i m i z e d .

33. ECR Specification
Reference: Environmental Conservation Rules 1997

34. INCEPTA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY
SLUDGE WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Land application: This involves applying sludge to agricultural land as a fertilizer. The sludge
can provide nutrients and organic matter to the soil, but careful monitoring is required to
ensure that it does not contain harmful contaminants.
• Incineration: This method involves burning the sludge at high temperatures to reduce it to ash.
This can be an effective way to dispose of sludge waste, but it can be expensive and may
generate air pollution.
• Anaerobic digestion: This is a process in which microorganisms break down the sludge in the
absence of oxygen. This can produce biogas, which can be used for energy production.
• Composting: This involves mixing the sludge with other organic materials to create a soil
amendment. Composting can be an effective way to reduce the volume of sludge waste and
create a useful product.

35. INCEPTA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Segregation of waste: The company should segregate the waste into different categories based
on their nature and composition. This includes segregating hazardous and non -hazardous
waste, as well as biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
• Use of recyclable materials: The company should aim to use recyclable materials in their
production processes wherever possible to reduce the amount of waste generated.
• Treatment of hazardous waste: Hazardous waste should be treated using appropriate methods,
such as incineration, chemical treatment, or biological treatment, to neutralize and render it
safe for disposal.
• Disposal of non-hazardous waste: Non-hazardous waste can be disposed of in landfills or
through other safe and environmentally friendly methods, such as recycling or composting.
• Compliance with regulations: The company should comply with all relevant regulations and
laws governing the disposal of waste, including obtaining the necessary permits and licenses.

36. CONCLUSION
Pharmaceutical waste poses its unique set of issues.
These have to be dealt with lest they impact the environment and human health.
The variety in pharmaceutical chemicals and biochemicals means that hazardous
pollution is almost always caused by pharmaceutical waste.
The procedures for treatment exist.
Bangladesh in particular is to take in action these dictrives, as otherwise risk is posed on
the natural environment and human well-being.

37. REFERENCES
 http://www.navanapharma.com/
 Khan Associates, (2006), Environmental Management Plan of Navana Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Environmental Consulting Farm, Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
 Medical Waste Rules, 2008
 Khan Associates, (2006), Effluent Treatment Plant Design of Navana Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Environmental Consulting Farm, Dhaka ,
Bangladesh.
 https://blog.copadata.com/optimised -production-for-pharmaceutical -waste-reduction

38. THANK YOU