The document discusses sustainability practices in the ceramics and granite industries. It outlines current practices like waste management, quarry site maintenance, reducing material usage, and optimizing packaging. It also discusses regulations in places like the EU and China. Issues in the Indian ceramics and granite industries include hazardous working conditions, illegal quarrying, and pollution. Future opportunities discussed include monitoring firms, minimizing environmental impact, and promoting greener products and technologies.

2. Presented By
Group 21
Prerak Jigar Shah (UM15222)
Priyaranjan Mohanty (UM15223)
Priya Singh (UM15224)
Rajmeet Singh (UM15225)
Renoy KJ (UM15226)
SUSTAINABILITY IN CERAMICS AND GRANITE
INDUSTRY

3. • memorial stones (gravestones, tombstones);
• kitchen counter tops;
• (floor) tiles;
• frontages;
• doorsteps, windowsills, etc.;
• art and garden ornaments;
• pavement materials.
• Supply of natural stone and natural stone
products
• Countries of origin natural stone
Uses of natural
stones
• Introduction
• Products & Applications
•Physical properties
•Indoor air quality
• Application
• Performance
• ASTM standards.
• Environmental data
Granite
Industry • Introduction
• Material properties
• Applications
• the industry
• Other features of ceramics.
Ceramic
Industry
These products can be made of different types of natural stone, although some natural stone types are
preferably used for a specific kind of product, because of factors including suitability, functionality and
taste. Granite kitchen counter tops are a good example
Granite and Ceramic Industry: an overview

4. ASTMstandards
Performance
Applicationsofgranite
• Cladding
(exterior/interior)
• Landscaping
• Paving
• Flooring
• Moulding
• Statuary
Other Uses:
aggregate, curbing, &
mulch
Durability
• Countertops:
lifetime
• Flooring: 100 years
with proper
maintenance
• Exterior
applications: lifetime
Reuse &
Recyclability
• Ensure reclaimed
granite meets ASTM
specifications before
using for structural
purposes
• Example
applications:
Concrete mixture,
Landscaping,
Retaining walls,
Walkways, Fill, Re-
installation on new
buildings, Statuary.
ASTM C-615
“Standard
Specification for
Granite Dimension
Stone”
• Includes material
characteristics,
physical
requirements, and
sampling appropriate
to the selection of
granite for general
building and
structural purposes.
• The table below
lists the required test
values for granite; the
necessary tests are
prescribed by and
located in the ASTM
standards.
Environmental data Quarrying Processing
Embodied
Energy
(MJ/ft^3 stone)
400 2500
Embodied
water (gal/ft^3)
86 9100
Global
Warming
Potential
14 52

5. Oxides Alumina
Silica
Zirconia
Magnesia
Carbid
es
Diamond
Graphite
Silicon Carbide
Tungsten Carbide
Nitride
s
Boron Nitride
Silicon Nitride
Ceramics
Fig. Energy consumption.
Fig. clusters in ceramic industry

6. Current sustainability practices and
trends in the industry
Granite industry
• The ANSI/NSC 373 standard which evaluates the organisation on 9 facets and certifies
them with one of the 4 levels of certifications
• Waste management
1. By producing less waste
a. Quarry Reconnaissance
b. Fines and screenings
c. Scrap stone
2. Exploiting the value of waste
3. Managing waste properly
• Quarry site maintenance
1. Minimizing dust, noise and vibrations
2. Minimizing erosion and runoff
3. Conserving ecosystems

7. Ceramic industry
• Selection of low impact materials :
By incorporating waste material in the ceramic development processes
• Reduction of the material use :
By reducing the product thickness
• Selection of environmentally sound production techniques :
By reducing kiln firing operations
• Optimizing packaging and distribution :
Through reducing the packaging for the products
• Reduction of the environmental impact during the use phase :
Through high efficiency construction elements
• Optimizing the end-of life systems :
Done by using new method of installation and dismantling
• New concepts :
Through integration of functions

8. GRANITE REGULATIONS
• Certain countries have developed standards for classifying granite and its use.
• Eg.
China, alarmed by the surge in granite use in homes, China had
sponsored studies into the health aspects of granite - radiation issues and
Radon gas exhalation rates.
It started classifying and regulating it into four levels, with only the safest level
being suitable for use in Chinese dwellings

9. CERAMIC REGULATIONS
• Ceramic industry is been regulated in certain parts of the world specifically in European
Union.
• In EU the industry falls within the scope of Directives on emissions trading / industrial
emissions and REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of
Chemicals).
• Under it the producer has to file written declaration that the goods in the market comply
with the lead and cadmium release limits.
• The industry also follows policy on wastage.
• Waste (which cannot be recycled internally) is sent for external recycling (road
construction) or disposal (landfill).

10. GRANITE INDUSTRY
100
manufacturers
and 43
processing units
Growth
rate of
10%
Largely methods of
operation are Manual
or Semi-mechanical
CERAMIC INDUSTRY
Growth
rate of
15%
The number of ambitious programs launched in last 2
years by the union government like Smart Cities Mission,
(Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan) and Housing for All by 2022
would act as big push in demand for ceramic industry in
India in years to come.

11. ISSUES IN INDIA
Child labour is rampant
Gender Discrimination. Women are not equally paid as men
Hazardous working conditions with insufficient safety measures
and long work hours
Current methodology of Quarrying causes extensive use of water
and energy resources
Illegal quarrying leading to destruction of environment
Irresponsible waste disposal damaging agricultural areas
Dust pollution damages the local air quality

12. • The company commissioned an R&D centre (recognised by the
Department of Science & Technology, Ministry of Science, Govt. of India
for more than 30 years), the first such instance in the industry
• They rationalised the consumption of water per flush in their products from
15 litres in 1962 to 10 litres in 1984 and 6/3 litres in 2004 (a potential
saving of 35,000 litres per annum across a family of four)
• They also launched European Water Closet (EWC) which consumes only
3.5 litres of water per flush.
Kajaria's membership to the Indian Green
Building Council, reassures the consumers
and stakeholders that each product has been
created in an eco - friendly process.
• CERA has launched its range of green products which can save upto
34% of water
• A member of the Indian Green Building Council, CERA has adopted zero
pollution production processes and raw materials for its newly
commissioned faucet facility. CERA ‘s sanitaryware plant uses natural
gas, a green fuel.

13. FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE
SUSTAINABILITY
• Continuous monitoring system by the government
• Periodic review of firms on sustainable practices and roadmap to protecting environment
and resources
• Strict rules on illegal mining and ensuring minimal environmental impact during licensing
• Join corrective actions by the industry leaders and government to minimize the
sustainability impact
• Importing countries to ensure stricter norms of sustainable practices in value chain
• Promoting usage of greener and eco-friendly certified products in the construction industry
including Green Building initiatives
• Making sure of recycling of the products that helps on large scale in sustainability
• Use of better technology innovations like roller kiln and tunnel kiln to reduce energy
consumption