Green chemistry

2. To grow 1 pound of wood a tree consumes 1.47 pounds of carbon dioxide and
emits 1.07 pounds of oxygen.
80% of the forests that once covered the earth are now gone.
Over the next 20 years the average supply of fresh water per person is
expected to drop by one third while demand is growing at an unsustainable
rate.
In the United States 2.5M plastic bottles are disposed of every hour and only
about 25% are recycled each year.
The equivalent of 3.75 pounds of carbon dioxide are emitted to the
atmosphere for each half-gallon carton of orange juice produced.
Less than 1% of the water on earth is available for people’s everyday use.
Leaky faucets that drip at the rate of one drip per second can waste more than
3,000 gallons of water each year.
An energy-smart clothes washer can save more water in one year than one
person drinks in an entire lifetime.

3. The U. S. has five percent of the world’s population and uses
23 percent of the world’s energy.
Lawns cover over 25 million acres of America – an area the
size of Pennsylvania.
Every time you open the refrigerator door, up to 30 percent of
the cold air can escape.
A compact fluorescent light bulb uses 75 percent less energy
than a regular bulb – and it can last up to four years.
A single open fireplace damper sends eight percent of your
heating bill up the chimney.
A crack as small as 1/16th of an inch around a window frame
can let in as much cold air as leaving the window open three
inches!
In 2000, recycling of solid waste prevented the release of 32.9
million metric tons of carbon equivalent (MMTCE, the unit of
measure for greenhouse gases) into the air.

4. • Green chemistry consists of chemicals
and chemical processes designed to
reduce or eliminate negative
environmental impacts. The use and
production of these chemicals may involve
reduced waste products, non-toxic
components, and improved efficiency.

5. Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry
• Prevent waste:
• Design safer chemicals and products:
• Design less hazardous chemical syntheses:
• Use renewable feedstocks:
• Use catalysts, not stoichiometric reagents:
• Avoid chemical derivatives:
• Maximize atom economy:
• Use safer solvents and reaction conditions:
• Increase energy efficiency:
• Design chemicals and products to degrade after use:
• Analyze in real time to prevent pollution:
• Minimize the potential for accidents:

6. Sustainable Chemistry Hierarchy
Chemical products and processes should be designed to the highest level of this
hierarchy and be cost-competitive in the market.
• Green Chemistry: Source Reduction/Prevention of Chemical Hazards
– Design chemical products to be less hazardous to human health and the environment*
– Use feedstocks and reagents that are less hazardous to human health and the environment*
– Design syntheses and other processes to be less energy and materials intensive (high atom
economy, low E-factor)
– Use feedstocks derived from annually renewable resources or from abundant waste
– Design chemical products for increased, more facile reuse or recycling
• Reuse or Recycle Chemicals
• Treat Chemicals to Render Them Less Hazardous
• Dispose of Chemicals Properly
*chemicals that are less hazardous to human health and the environment are:
Less toxic to organisms and ecosystems
Not persistent or bioaccumulative in organisms or the environment
Inherently safer with respect to handling and use

7. Green chemistry technologies provide a
number of benefits, including:
• reduced waste, eliminating costly end-of-
the-pipe treatments
• safer products
• reduced use of energy and resources
• improved competitiveness of chemical
manufacturers and their customers.

8. 2008 Presidential Green Chemistry
Challenge Award Winners
• Greener Synthetic Pathways Award
Battelle
Development and Commercialization of Biobased Toners
• Greener Reaction Conditions Award
Nalco Company
3D TRASAR® Technology
• Designing Greener Chemicals Award
Dow AgroSciences LLC
Spinetoram: Enhancing a Natural Product for Insect Control
• Small Business Award
SiGNa Chemistry, Inc.
New Stabilized Alkali Metals for Safer, Sustainable Syntheses
• Academic Award
Professors Robert E. Maleczka, Jr. and Milton R. Smith, III
Michigan State University
Green Chemistry for Preparing Boronic Esters

9. Development and Commercialization of
Biobased Toner
• Laser printers and copiers use over 400 million pounds of toner
each year in the United States. Traditional toners fuse so tightly to
paper that they are difficult to remove from waste paper for
recycling. They are also made from petroleum-based starting
materials.
• Battelle and its partners, Advanced Image Resources and the Ohio
Soybean Council, have developed a soy-based toner that performs
as well as traditional ones, but is much easier to remove. The new
toner technology can save significant amounts of energy and allow
more paper fiber to be recycled.
• novel technology uses soy oil and protein along with carbohydrates
from corn as chemical feedstocks. Battelle developed bioderived
polyester, polyamide, and polyurethane resins and toners from these
feedstocks through innovative, cost-effective chemical modifications
and processing, with the de-inking process in mind. By incorporating
chemical groups that are susceptible to degradation during the
standard de-inking process

10. Greener Reaction Conditions
Award
• Nalco Company
• 3D TRASAR® Technology
• Innovation and Benefits: Cooling water touches many
facets of human life, including cooling for comfort in
commercial buildings and cooling industrial processes.
Cooling systems require added chemicals to control
microbial growth, mineral deposits, and corrosion. Nalco
developed 3D TRASAR® technology to monitor the
condition of cooling water continuously and add
appropriate chemicals only when needed, rather than on
a fixed schedule. The technique saves water and energy,
minimizes the use of water-treatment chemicals, and
decreases environmental damage from discharged
water.

11. Designing Greener Chemicals
Award
• Dow AgroSciences LLC
• Spinetoram: Enhancing a Natural Product for Insect
Control
• Spinosad biopesticide from Dow AgroSciences controls
many insect pests on vegetables, but is not particularly
effective against certain key pests of tree fruits. To solve
this problem, Dow AgroSciences used an “artificial
neural network” to identify analogous molecules that
might be more effective against fruit-tree pests. They
then developed a green chemical synthesis for the new
insecticide, called spinetoram. Spinetoram retains the
favorable environmental benefits of spinosad while
replacing organophosphate pesticides for tree fruits, tree
nuts, small fruits, and vegetables.

12. Small Business Award
• SiGNa Chemistry, Inc.
• New Stabilized Alkali Metals for Safer, Sustainable Syntheses
• Alkali metals, such as sodium and lithium, are powerful tools in
synthetic chemistry because they are highly reactive. Their reactivity
also makes them both flammable and explosive, however, unless
they are handled very carefully. SiGNa Chemistry developed a way
to stabilize these metals by encapsulating them within porous, sand-
like powders, while maintaining their usefulness in synthetic
reactions. The stabilized metals are much safer to store, transport,
and handle. They may also be useful for removing sulfur from fuels,
producing hydrogen, and remediating a variety of hazardous wastes.

13. Academic Award
• Professors Robert E. Maleczka, Jr. and Milton R. Smith, III
Michigan State University
• Green Chemistry for Preparing Boronic Esters
• Innovation and Benefits: One way to build complex molecules,
such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides, is with a Suzuki “coupling”
reaction. This versatile coupling reaction requires precursors with a
carbon–boron bond. Making these precursors, however, typically
requires harsh conditions and generates significant amounts of
hazardous waste. Professors Maleczka and Smith developed a new
catalytic method to make these compounds under mild conditions
and with minimal waste and hazard. Their discovery allows the
rapid, green manufacture of chemical building blocks, including
some that had been commercially unavailable or environmentally
unattractive.