X rays
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X-rays are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths comparable to the size of atoms that are generated when high-speed electrons collide with a metal target in an X-ray tube. X-rays can penetrate materials like human tissue and be detected using devices like gas detectors, proportional counters, and photodetectors. Digital detectors used in medical imaging can detect X-rays and create images of internal structures. X-rays have various medical applications including diagnostic radiography, fluoroscopy, and radiation therapy due to their ability to pass through matter and ionize materials.
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X-ray spectroscopy involves using electromagnetic radiation to study the interaction between matter and radiation. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) relies on the principle that each element has a unique atomic structure that produces a unique electromagnetic emission spectrum. EDS allows elemental composition analysis by measuring the energies of X-rays emitted from a specimen when it is exposed to a high-energy beam. X-rays are generated when high-energy electrons collide with a target in an X-ray tube, with about 1% of the energy emitted as X-rays. Characteristic X-rays are emitted when outer-shell electrons fill an inner-shell vacancy in an atom, releasing X-rays with energies specific to each element. Various
Chemistry ppt
Electromagnetic radiation consists of different types of waves including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, UV rays, and x-rays. Radio waves are generated by transmitters and received by receivers using antennas. They are used for television, radio, mobile communication, and wireless networks. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation used to heat and cook food in microwave ovens. X-rays were discovered in 1895 and are used in medical imaging due to their ability to pass through objects and be absorbed by dense materials like bones. The double-slit experiment demonstrated the wave-like properties of light and was the first to show interference patterns resulting from light passing through two slits.
Chemistry ppt on magnetic radiation and youngs experiment
Electromagnetic radiation consists of different types of waves including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, UV rays, and x-rays. Radio waves are generated by transmitters and received by receivers using antennas. They are used for television, radio, mobile communication, and wireless networks. Microwaves are used to heat and cook food as well as for disinfecting and beauty treatments. UV rays are present in sunlight and are used to kill bacteria, create fluorescent effects, and for phototherapy and tanning. X-rays were discovered in 1895 and are used in medical imaging, security screening, and industrial applications due to their ability to pass through or be absorbed by different materials.
Synchrotron absas
A synchrotron is a large machine that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to accelerate electrons to near light speed. As the electrons are deflected by magnetic fields, they emit extremely bright light across the electromagnetic spectrum. This synchrotron light is channeled to experimental stations where it is used for research in fields like medicine, materials science, and biology due to its high intensity and tunable wavelengths.
medical equipment lec 1 x-rays
The document discusses various topics related to medical imaging equipment, specifically x-ray imaging. It provides an overview of x-ray tube components and how x-rays are produced when electrons are accelerated into a target. It also describes how x-ray exposure factors are determined and how x-rays interact with the body to create diagnostic images based on differential tissue absorption. Evaluation methods and reference materials are listed for the course as well.
Lasers in periodontics
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
PRINCIPLES OF WORKING OF A LASER
FUNDAMENTALS OF LASER
CHARACTERISTICS OF LASER
CLASSIFICATION OF LASER
EFFECTS OF LASER ON SOFT AND HARD TISSUES
VARIOUS LASERS AVAILABLE FOR PERIDONTAL USE
APPLICATION OF LASER TREATMENT IN PERIODONTAL THERAPY
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF LASER IN PERIODONTAL THERAPY
LASER PRECAUTIONS
LASER HAZARDS
RECENT ADVANCES
CONCLUSION
Spectroscopy assign
This document provides an overview of spectroscopy. It begins by defining spectroscopy as the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy. It then discusses the history and development of spectroscopy. The document classifies different types of spectroscopy based on the type of radiative energy and nature of interaction. It provides examples of various spectroscopic techniques including electromagnetic spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and fluorescence. Key terms related to spectroscopy are defined.
MAIN BODY
This document provides an introduction to laser micromachining and laser ablation. It discusses how lasers can be used to etch materials with high precision and little damage to surrounding areas. Lasers can be effective for ablation as long as photons are strongly absorbed in submicron depths faster than heat can diffuse. Lasers offer advantages over other micromachining techniques as they can process a wide variety of materials with high resolution, flexibility and yield without costly lithography steps.
PPT of X Ray
1. X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Röntgen, a German physicist, while experimenting with cathode ray tubes. He noticed that materials near the tube would glow, even when shielded from known radiation sources, and concluded he had discovered a new type of radiation which he named X-rays.
2. X-rays are produced when high-energy electrons collide with a metal target, causing the electrons to lose energy which is released as X-ray photons. Modern X-ray tubes contain a tungsten target and operate by accelerating electrons toward the target with a high voltage.
3. X-rays have wavelengths between 10 picometers to 10 nanometers, shorter than visible light.
Medical imaging
This document discusses various principles of medical imaging techniques, including x-ray production and spectra, computed tomography (CT) scans, ultrasound imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It explains that x-rays are produced when high-speed electrons generated from a heated filament strike a metal target. CT scans produce 3D images by combining multiple 2D x-ray images taken from different angles, representing the body in voxels. Ultrasound uses a transducer to transmit sound waves that reflect off tissues, while MRI detects radio signals from hydrogen atoms aligned in a strong magnetic field.
Xri fin
This document provides a summary of key concepts in medical biophysics and x-ray imaging. It discusses the physics of x-ray production and interactions with matter. It describes various x-ray imaging devices like projection x-ray machines, CT scanners, and devices for dental and mammography applications. Radiation dose and safety are also covered. The document is intended as lecture material for a course on medical biophysics.
Tissue Engineering introduction for physicists - Lecture two
This document discusses various medical imaging modalities and their usage in tissue engineering. It provides an overview of different imaging techniques including X-rays, computed tomography, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. X-ray imaging is discussed in more detail, explaining how X-rays are generated using an X-ray tube, and the two processes of characteristic radiation and Bremsstrahlung that produce X-rays. The document also covers the physics behind X-ray interactions with matter and the risks of ionizing radiation. The overall goal of medical imaging for tissue engineering is to generate 3D geometries of tissues and organs.
Wireless mobile charging using microwaves full report
The document discusses wireless mobile phone charging through microwave power transmission and rectification. It describes the key components of the transmitter and receiver sections. The transmitter section consists of a magnetron to generate microwaves and a slotted waveguide antenna to transmit them. The receiver section uses a rectenna (rectifying antenna) made of a mesh of dipoles and diodes to convert received microwaves into DC electricity. It also includes a simple sensor circuit to detect when a call is taking place so that the phone can charge during a call. The overall system aims to wirelessly charge a mobile phone using microwave power transmitted to a rectenna attached to the phone.
Physics nanophotonics
This document discusses nanophotonics and its applications. It begins by defining nanophotonics as the study of light behavior on the nanometer scale, including interactions between light and particles. It then discusses several nanophotonics technologies like near-field scanning optical microscopy and surface plasmon optics. The document also outlines several advantages of nanophotonics, such as enabling enormous data transmission rates and high optical memory storage density. It concludes by discussing some applications of nanophotonics like NEMS (nanoelectromechanical systems) devices that integrate electrical and mechanical functionality on the nanoscale.
Medical Equipment lec 8 Radiography detectors
This document discusses various types of medical imaging detectors including analog film detectors, digital detectors like film scanners and storage phosphor plates, and large area digital detectors using direct and indirect conversion. Gas-filled ionization chambers and Geiger-Muller tubes are described as radiation detectors that measure exposure by collecting ion pairs produced by incident radiation. Solid scintillation detectors like crystals are also discussed, which emit light when struck by radiation that is detected by photomultiplier tubes. Digital detectors provide benefits over analog film like higher dynamic range and forgiveness of improper exposures.
LASERS IN ENT ppt. (1).pptx
This document discusses lasers used in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) applications. It begins with an overview of lasers, their history, components, and how they work. It then describes different types of lasers used in ENT, including CO2, Nd:YAG, and argon lasers. For each laser, it discusses their wavelength, tissue interactions, uses in ENT procedures, advantages, and more. The document provides a detailed summary of lasers and their applications in ENT surgery and procedures.
Analysis of pharmaceuticals by mani
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X rays
- 1. X-RAYS Berchesug Alexandra Margarit Alina Paun Iulia Soava Lavinia Clasa a XI –a C
- 2. Generate (or Röntgen) are issued in tubes called Röntgen, are electrons,are accelerated in intense electric fields so that they penetrate inside electron shells of atoms anode or gas in the tube and pull out electrons from layers near the core. After braking these electrons from subsequent transitions electrons from levels with low energies (layers K, L), X-rays are obtained
- 3. Detection For X rays are used: gas-filled detectors (used in digital radiography to measure energy and position of individual X-ray photon counting speed radiological) type proportional counter, -calorimeters, -microchannel, -area photodetector, superconducting tunnel junction-detectors, etc…
- 4. The detector is a large, flat, with one or more layers to absorb radiation energy into electric charge X. Convert using an integrated surface electric charge autoscanarea active matrix image. X radiation absorbed by a phosphorescent screen release light creates an image on the surface. Lateral scattering of light is limited by diffusion. Digital detectors are capable of running all current radiological modalities, including radiography and fluoroscopy Element diameter is comparable to the thickness of the screen image. The screen is thicker (to increase the absorption quantum efficiency) decreases the image resolution. Using fluorescent screen, increase the image resolution
- 5. Proprieties -Vacuum it travels at the speed of light; -impress photographic plates; - Are not diverted for electric and magnetic fields; - Are invisible, ie unlike light, does not impress human eye -Ionising gases that pass. Number of urge intensity ion radiation produced show. On this property are made based operation of radiation detectors. - Have fiziological action, destroying organic cells and is generally harmful to humans. This property are made based on their use in the treatment of cancerous tumors to destroy diseased tissue. - Substances produced fluorescence (light emission)
- 6. Aplications X-rays and X rays are electromagnetic waves that do not belong to the visible spectrum, whose wavelength is of the order of magnitude of angstroms (A), and this allows increasing utility in medicine, especially for their penetration through matter living and for their therapeutic properties: Use for diagnostic, medical applications of X rays are of the conventional and tomodensitometriei radiology (X- ray scanner), they aim to visualize organs. Use therapeutic x-rays are used in external radiotherapy, but their capacity is reduced ionization, are preferred more energetic radiation, the radiation y, using cobalt.