Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime which are created whenever objects with mass move. They were predicted by Albert Einstein in 1916 on the basis of his theory of general relativity.[1] As gravitational waves are not created from stationary objects, they must be detected from moving systems. Sources of detectable gravitational waves include binary star systems composed of white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes.
Gravitational Wave Astronomy is a fascinating discovery made a few years ago that changed the notions of modern physics. This presentation won the 3rd Prize in the SPIE student chapter's Oral Presetation in my college.
Gravitational waves are ripples in the curvature of spacetime that propagate as waves at the speed of light, generated in certain gravitational interactions that propagate outward from their source.these are very much different from all other topics regarding gravitation.
Gravitational waves are 'ripples' in the fabric of space-time caused by some of the most violent and energetic processes in the Universe. Albert Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves in 1916 in his general theory of relativity.
Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime which are created whenever objects with mass move. They were predicted by Albert Einstein in 1916 on the basis of his theory of general relativity.[1] As gravitational waves are not created from stationary objects, they must be detected from moving systems. Sources of detectable gravitational waves include binary star systems composed of white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes.
Gravitational Wave Astronomy is a fascinating discovery made a few years ago that changed the notions of modern physics. This presentation won the 3rd Prize in the SPIE student chapter's Oral Presetation in my college.
Gravitational waves are ripples in the curvature of spacetime that propagate as waves at the speed of light, generated in certain gravitational interactions that propagate outward from their source.these are very much different from all other topics regarding gravitation.
Gravitational waves are 'ripples' in the fabric of space-time caused by some of the most violent and energetic processes in the Universe. Albert Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves in 1916 in his general theory of relativity.
The Higgs boson is the last “missing piece” of the Standard Model and the 5th member of the boson family (but not a force carrier).
The Higgs is a hypothetical particle that gives mass to all other particles that normally have mass.
The Higgs particle creates a Higgs field that permeates spacetime.
The Higgs particle and its corresponding field are critical to the understanding and validation of the SM, since the Higgs is deemed responsible for giving particles their mass.
The elusive Higgs is so central to the SM and the theory on which the whole understanding of matter is based, if the Higgs does not exist (is not detected), we will not be able to explain the origin of mass.
Numerous people chat quietly in a fairly crowded room.
Rajnikanth enters the room causing a disturbance in the field.
Followers cluster and surround Rajnikanth as this group of people forms a “massive object”.
This is a presentation on the use of spectroscopy in astronomy, especially in discovering celestial bodies. Small presentation with minimum technical details.
Slides from my presentation at the Joint CoEPP-CAASTRO Workshop (http://www.caastro.org/event/2013/coepp), 28 February 2013. Brief overview of the evidence for dark matter in the Universe, plus discussion of challenges, hints of possible signals, and some references for further reading.
The presentation time-slot was 30 minutes + 20 minutes discussion.
i am student of M.Sc (Physics) in university of sindh. it is my first book on high energy physics and i will also upload the new version of this book soon. so please read this book and give me feed back on my email address.
The Higgs boson is the last “missing piece” of the Standard Model and the 5th member of the boson family (but not a force carrier).
The Higgs is a hypothetical particle that gives mass to all other particles that normally have mass.
The Higgs particle creates a Higgs field that permeates spacetime.
The Higgs particle and its corresponding field are critical to the understanding and validation of the SM, since the Higgs is deemed responsible for giving particles their mass.
The elusive Higgs is so central to the SM and the theory on which the whole understanding of matter is based, if the Higgs does not exist (is not detected), we will not be able to explain the origin of mass.
Numerous people chat quietly in a fairly crowded room.
Rajnikanth enters the room causing a disturbance in the field.
Followers cluster and surround Rajnikanth as this group of people forms a “massive object”.
This is a presentation on the use of spectroscopy in astronomy, especially in discovering celestial bodies. Small presentation with minimum technical details.
Slides from my presentation at the Joint CoEPP-CAASTRO Workshop (http://www.caastro.org/event/2013/coepp), 28 February 2013. Brief overview of the evidence for dark matter in the Universe, plus discussion of challenges, hints of possible signals, and some references for further reading.
The presentation time-slot was 30 minutes + 20 minutes discussion.
i am student of M.Sc (Physics) in university of sindh. it is my first book on high energy physics and i will also upload the new version of this book soon. so please read this book and give me feed back on my email address.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Mammalian Pineal Body Structure and Also Functions
L i g o ( Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory)
1.
2. • NOEL BENNY
• VAJID RAHMAN K
• VYSAKH A V
• ABHIN KRISHNA K A
• AKHIEL NAZIM K A
• ALEX TOMY
• AMRITHA P A
• ANAGHA SUNNY
3. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
(LIGO) is a large-scale physics experiment and observatory
to detect cosmic gravitational waves and to develop
gravitational-wave observations as an astronomical tool.
Two large observatories were built in the United States
with the aim of detecting gravitational waves
bylaser interferometry.
4.
5.
6.
7. • In Einstein's theory of general relativity, gravity is
treated as a phenomenon resulting from the curvature
of spacetime. This curvature is caused by the presence
of mass. Generally, the more mass that is contained
within a given volume of space, the greater the
curvature of spacetime will be at the boundary of its
volume. As objects with mass move around in
spacetime, the curvature changes to reflect the
changed locations of those objects. In certain
circumstances, accelerating objects generate changes
in this curvature, which propagate outwards at the
speed of light in a wave-like manner. These propagating
phenomena are known as gravitational waves.
8.
9. • LIGO's mission is to directly observe gravitational
waves of cosmic origin. These waves were first
predicted by Einstein's general theory of relativity
in 1916, when the technology necessary for their
detection did not yet exist. Their existence was
indirectly confirmed when observations of the
binary pulsar PSR 1913+16 in 1974 showed an
orbital decay which matched Einstein's
predictions of energy loss by gravitational
radiation. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993 was
awarded to Hulse and Taylor for this discovery
10. After the completion of Science Run 5, initial LIGO was
upgraded with certain technologies that resulted in an
improved-performance configuration dubbed Enhanced
LIGO.Some of the improvements in Enhanced LIGO
included Increased laser power
Homodyne detection Output mode cleaner
In-vacuum readout hardware
Science Run 6 (S6) began in July 2009 with the enhanced
configurations on the 4 km detectors.It concluded in
October 2010, and the disassembling of the original
detectors began. By mid-September 2015, LIGO Scientific
Collaboration included more than 900 scientists worldwide
11.
12. • Interferometry makes use of the principle of superposition
to combine waves in a way that will cause the result of their
combination to have some meaningful property that is
diagnostic of the original state of the waves. This works
because when two waves with the same frequency
combine, the resulting intensity pattern is determined by
the phase difference between the two waves—waves that
are in phase will undergo constructive interference while
waves that are out of phase will undergo destructive
interference. Waves which are not completely in phase nor
completely out of phase will have an intermediate intensity
pattern, which can be used to determine their relative
phase difference. Most interferometers use light or some
other form of electromagnetic wave
13.
14.
15.
16. When a gravitational wave passes through the interfer-
ometer, the spacetime in the local area is altered. De-
pending on the source of the wave and its polarization,
this results in an effective change in length of one or both
of the cavities. The effective length change between the
beams will cause the light currently in the cavity to be-
come very slightly out of phase (anti phase) with the in-
coming light. The cavity will therefore periodically get
very slightly out of coherence and the beams, which are
tuned to destructively interfere at the detector, will have
a very slight periodically varying detuning. This results
in a measurable signal
17. Einstein Telescope (ET) or Einstein Observatory, is a proposed third-
generation ground-based gravitational wave detector, currently
under study by some institutions in the European Union. It will be
able to test Einstein's general theory of relativity in
strong field conditions and realize precision gravitational wave
astronomy. The ET is a design study project supported by the
European Commission under the Framework Programme 7 (FP7). It
concerns the study and the conceptual design for a new research
infrastructure in the emergent field of gravitational-waveastronomy.
18.
19. INDIGO, or IndIGO (Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave
Observations) is a consortium of Indian gravitational-wave
physicists.This is an initiative to set up advanced experimental
facilities for a multi-institutional observatory project in
gravitational-wave astronomy.
ince 2009,the IndIGO Consortium
has been planning a roadmap for gravitational-wave astronomy
and a phased strategy towards Indian participation in realizing a
gravitational-wave observatory in the Asia-Pacific region. IndIGO
is the Indian partner (along with the LIGO Laboratory in USA) in
planning the LIGO-India project.
