X ray crystallography.pptx principle, instrumentation

1. X-Ray Crystallography
Presented by : Dr. Vijaya U. Barge
( Vice- Principal & Professor)
Pune District Education Association’s
Shankarrao Ursal College of
Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research
Centre, , Kharadi, Pune.

2. • Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Production of x ray
3. X-ray diffraction methods
4. Bragg‘s law

3. Introduction
 X ray is an electromagnetic wave of high energy
and very short wavelength (between ultraviolet
light and gamma ray).
 X-ray crystallography is a tool used for
determining the atomic and molecular structure
of a crystal or material.

4. Production of X ray
 Power is send to X-Ray tube via cables .
 Ma ( milliamperage ) is send to filament on cathode side.
 Filament heats up electron “ boil off ”
 Negetive charge
 Positive Voltage ( KVP ) is applied to ANODE.
 Negetive Electrons = attracted across the tube to the positive
ANODE.
 Electrons “ Slam into” anode suddenly stopped .
 X-Ray photons are created .

5.  Elecron beam is focused from the cathode to the anode target by the
focusing cup.
 Electron interact with the electrons on the tungstuns atoms of target
material.
 Photons send to through the window port towards the patient.

6. X-ray diffraction methods
These are generally used for investigating the internal structures and
crystal structures of various compounds .They are as follows,
 Laue’s photographic method.
a) Transmission method.
b) Black reflection method.
 Rotating crystal method .
 Powder method .

8. Bragg’s law:
 Here d is the spacing between diffracting planes, Ɵ is the incident
angle, n is any integar, and λ is the wavelength of the beam.
 These specific directions appear as spots on diffraction pattern called
reflections.
 Thus X-ray diffraction results from an electromagnetic wave impinging
on a regular array of scatters.