X-Ray Crystallography is a technique used to determine the atomic and molecular structure of crystals. It involves firing X-rays at crystalline samples. X-rays are produced when high-speed electrons slam into a metal target in an X-ray tube. The X-rays diffract when they interact with the repeating arrays of atoms or molecules in the crystal. Bragg's law describes the angles and wavelengths that produce diffraction patterns, revealing the structure of the crystal. Common X-ray diffraction methods include Laue's method, rotating crystal method, and powder method.

1. X-Ray Crystallography
Presented by : Dr. Vijaya U. Barge
( Vice- Principal & Professor)
Pune District Education Association’s
Shankarrao Ursal College of
Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research
Centre, , Kharadi, Pune.

2. • Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Production of x ray
3. X-ray diffraction methods
4. Bragg‘s law

3. Introduction
 X ray is an electromagnetic wave of high energy
and very short wavelength (between ultraviolet
light and gamma ray).
 X-ray crystallography is a tool used for
determining the atomic and molecular structure
of a crystal or material.

4. Production of X ray
 Power is send to X-Ray tube via cables .
 Ma ( milliamperage ) is send to filament on cathode side.
 Filament heats up electron “ boil off ”
 Negetive charge
 Positive Voltage ( KVP ) is applied to ANODE.
 Negetive Electrons = attracted across the tube to the positive
ANODE.
 Electrons “ Slam into” anode suddenly stopped .
 X-Ray photons are created .

5.  Elecron beam is focused from the cathode to the anode target by the
focusing cup.
 Electron interact with the electrons on the tungstuns atoms of target
material.
 Photons send to through the window port towards the patient.

6. X-ray diffraction methods
These are generally used for investigating the internal structures and
crystal structures of various compounds .They are as follows,
 Laue’s photographic method.
a) Transmission method.
b) Black reflection method.
 Rotating crystal method .
 Powder method .

8. Bragg’s law:
 Here d is the spacing between diffracting planes, Ɵ is the incident
angle, n is any integar, and λ is the wavelength of the beam.
 These specific directions appear as spots on diffraction pattern called
reflections.
 Thus X-ray diffraction results from an electromagnetic wave impinging
on a regular array of scatters.