This document provides an overview of key events and developments during World War II from 1939-1945. It discusses the U.S. maintaining neutrality in the early years of the war, the Battle of Britain, the Lend-Lease program that supplied allies with war materials, and the U.S. entry into the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. It also summarizes major battles and campaigns in both the European and Pacific theaters, the development and use of the atomic bomb, and how the war mobilized the home front economy and society.
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2. 1944 Male name Female name
1 James Mary
2 Robert Barbara
3 John Linda
4 William Patricia
5 Richard Carol
6 David Sandra
7 Charles Nancy
8 Thomas Judith
9 Michael Sharon
10 Ronald Betty
11 Donald Carolyn
12 Larry Judy
13 Joseph Susan
14 George Margaret
15 Gary Shirley
16 Kenneth Karen
17 Paul Donna
3.
4. U.S. maintains neutral status
• Neutrality Acts – 1935,
1936, 1937
• Banned loans or arms
sales to nations at war
• This limited the options
of the President in a
crisis
5. Battle of Britain
• Battle of Britain – air war,
Germany fails to defeat
the UK air force
• New Technology – Radar
– plays a big part in
victory – British kept it
secret
9. U.S. enters war
• Dec 7,
1941 - Pearl Harbor is attacked
• U.S. declares war on Japan
• U.S. declares war on Germany
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/miscnara/cn3992.jpg
11. American Generals in Africa
Omar Bradley
• Reorganized American
forces
• Later one of leaders in
D-Day Invasion
George Patton
• Commanded in North
Africa and then Sicily
• Later led in France
14. Tuskegee Airmen
• “Experimental” program to train black pilots at
Tuskegee Institute
• Segregated Units
• Escorted bombers, fought German Luftwaffe
• “Red Tails”
http://oreowriter.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/tuskegee-airmen1.jpg
15. Europe invaded, June 6, 1944
• Operation Overlord, D-Day – Normandy
– invasion of Normandy
– 150,000 Allied soldiers land
• Opened a Second major front in Europe
16.
17.
18. The use of homing pigeons as military messengers dates back to
the ancient Greeks and Persians, but it wasn’t until the late 19th
and early 20th centuries that birds were used in large-scale
intelligence efforts. During both World Wars, the United States
and United Kingdom assembled special pigeon service units
comprised of tens of thousands of birds. More than 16,000
homing pigeons were parachuted into Europe during World War
II, including Gustav (formally known as bird NPS.42.31066), who
flew more than 150 miles back to England on D-Day to deliver
the first official word of the Normandy landings. History.com
19. within a few months France iswithin a few months France is
liberatedliberated
20. Battle of the Bulge, Dec. 1944
• Huge Nazi counterattack
– Effort to win the war or at
least gain an armistice
• Nazis were defeated
• Last German offensive
21. Germans in the Woods
• StoryCorps clip
• http://www.youtube.com/embed/trmG0mgrkM8?rel=0
•
22. Vernon J Baker
• 1944 on night patrol, ran
into a German sentry and
killed him, hospitalized two
months
• 7 months later, only black
officer in his company…
http://sayanythingblog.com/entry/medal-of-honor-3/
23. Vernon J Baker
• Commanded of a weapons
platoon made up of two light-
machine-gun squads and two
mortar squads
• Attacked German stronghold
• On the 2nd day led a battalion
secured the mountain
http://www.biography.com/imported/images/Biography/Images/Profiles/B/Vernon-J-Baker-403080-1-402.jpg
• Awarded: Purple Heart, Bronze Star, Distinguished
Service Cross.
• In 1996, Congressional Medal of Honor.
28. Americans link with Russians at theAmericans link with Russians at the
Elbe RiverElbe River
29. May, 8 1945, Germany surrenders
• V-E Day
(Victory in Europe)
30. Allied leaders meet at Yalta to discuss
peace terms
• Unconditional surrender
• Divide Germany into 4 occupation zones
• Create a United Nations
31. Nuremburg War TrialsNuremburg War Trials
• Nazi leaders put on trial for “crimes against humanity”
– First time leaders held accountable for actions in war
– some found guilty and hanged
34. Hideki TojoHideki Tojo
•Militarist - disliked democracy
•restore the bushido Code
(Code of Samurai Warrior)
•terrorized/murdered
opposition
•Emperor Hirohito becomes a
powerless figurehead
Japan 1920-1945Japan 1920-1945
35. The Flying Tigers
• Pilots who resigned from military to work for
China, to defend it from Japan
• Officially worked for a “private company” so US
could still claim neutrality
36. • U.S. begins an embargo on Japan which
angers them.
37. Japan prepares to attack U.S.
• Only threat to Japanese expansion
• U.S. knew attack was coming, not sure
when/where
– “experts” predicted the Philippine Islands
• Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
38. Pearl Harbor, HI
• Dec. 7, 1941 – Sunday morning, 7:55, Japan
attacks U.S. fleet
– “A date which will live in infamy”
– Clip or Clip
• 2409 Americans killed
– 18 ships destroyed
– 150 planes destroyed
• Japan fails to destroy:
– Dry docks
– Aircraft carriers
– Submarines
44. Bataan Death March
• Transfer of Filipino and American POWs
• Forced to march 60 miles in tropical heat with
no food or water
• Prisoners killed or attacked for various reasons
(i.e. helping fellow prisoners) or for no reason
at all
45. 2 pronged attack
• Admiral Nimitz
– Navy and marines, move
through the central Pacific
• General MacArthur
– Navy and the army, move
through the southern
Pacific
– HBO Pacific
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epdU5ssnu7o
46.
47. Pacific strategy was
“Island hopping”
• Capture a few
important islands by-
passing many others
because Island chains play
a major role in military
strategy
48. June, 1942, Battle of Midway
• Invading force stopped
by US Navy
• Turning point of the
war in the Pacific
– Ended Japanese naval
supremacy in the
Pacific
54. 1944, Saipan
• many Japanese
women and
children
committed suicide
rather than fall into
U.S. hands
• (would influence
the decision to
drop the bomb)
61. July 16, 1945
• Successful test of Atomic bomb
• Alamogordo, NM
62. I am become death, the destroyer of worlds.
J. Robert OppenheimerJ. Robert Oppenheimer
63. • Truman wanted to avoid invasion of Japan
• Wanted to end the war and save American and
Japanese lives
• Remember Saipan civilians, Kamikaze planes,
casualties at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
65. Potsdam Ultimatum
• Issued by United States, England, China
• Asked Japan to surrender unconditionally
– Militarism in Japan must end
– Japan would be occupied
– Japanese army would be completely disarmed and
allowed to return home
– War criminals would be punished
• Japan refused
66. Aug. 6 1945, Hiroshima, Japan
• Destroyed by one bomb
• 80,000 killed
immediately
• 140,000 more eventually
died
• Truman asked Japan to
surrender again
– No reply
70. Sept. 2, 1945 Japan formally surrenders onSept. 2, 1945 Japan formally surrenders on
deck of the U.S. warship USS Missourideck of the U.S. warship USS Missouri
71. Occupied Japan
• General Douglas MacArthur in command
• Tojo and other Japanese leaders sentenced to
death
• MacArthur sets up a democracy with a free
market economy
• MacArthur Constitution still in place today
74. The Homefront
• Similar to WWI
• Government actively planned economy
• Economic boom
• New jobs for minorities & women
– jobs formerly held by men off fighting
75. Office of War Information
• Created to motivate
American public to
take jobs in the
war effort
• Effects???
“Pearl Harbor Widows Have Gone into
War Work to Carry on the Fight with a
Personal Vengeance,”
76.
77. Gov. takes control of economy
• Office of Price Administration
– Froze prices on most goods
• War Production Board
– Decided which companies would convert to wartime
production
– Collected goods for recycling into war goods
78.
79. • Automobile factories – tanks, planes, boats
• Mechanical Pencil Factory – bomb parts
• Bedspread Manufacturer – mosquito nets
• Soft Drink Company – filled shells with explosives
What happens to the
Great Depression if
everyone is working?
It ends!!!
82. A male and a
female riveter work
side by side at a
factory in Corpus
Christi, Texas, in
1942. (Corbis)
83. Rationing
• Fixed allotment of goods deemed necessary
for the military
• Households received ration books
– Could use to buy meat, sugar, coffee, gas
86. Once again women take
the jobs of men
• Hired by factories and defense plants to
produce war goods
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92. 1944 - Congress passes the1944 - Congress passes the
G.I. Bill of RightsG.I. Bill of Rights
• provides
education, job
training, low
interest loans
for veterans
• Helped
veterans
adjust to
civilian life
102. Japanese Internment
• Sent to 26 camps in 16
states
• Strong anti-Japanese
sentiment due to Pearl
Harbor
103. • Many Americans
believed they could be
spies even though 2/3rd
were born in the U.S. –
citizens that were
denied their civil rights
Nisei
104. • Executive OrderExecutive Order
90669066
• Upheld byUpheld by
Supreme CourtSupreme Court
• Necessary forNecessary for
national securitynational security
105. Korematsu v. United States
• Fred Korematsu refused to evacuate
• He sued saying it was unconstitutional
• Supreme Court said it was O.K. bc it was
based on a “military imperative”
106. • And when we went to the internment camp, guard
towers, double security fence and all that, I really
wondered what’s going to happen to us. You know,
that this is just the beginning and they may very well
send us back to Japan. And that, to me, was horrible.
I, in my heart, knew my loyalty belongs to America. I
went to school, pledged allegiance every morning in
grammar school. And for me to think that I may be
sent to Japan was horrendous. And so that was sort
of a nightmare.
—Susumu Satow, THE WAR
112. The 100th Infantry Battalion and 442nd
Regimental Combat Team
• All Nisei regiments
113. Not allowed to take major possessionsNot allowed to take major possessions
114. Greatest Generation
• People willingly made and accepted
sacrifices in their lives in support of the
war
• http://video.msnbc.msn.com/nightly-news/46287773
115. WW II Memorial inWW II Memorial in
Washington DCWashington DC
