Vietnam L B J
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This document discusses key events in the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968. It describes the Gulf of Tonkin Incident that led to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and greater US involvement. It outlines major US bombing campaigns like Operation Rolling Thunder. It discusses the escalating US troop levels and failed search and destroy strategy. It also covers the Tet Offensive in 1968 that shook US public support for the war and contributed to LBJ not seeking re-election.
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The document summarizes key events in the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968, including the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Operation Rolling Thunder bombing campaign, Operation Barrel Roll bombings in Laos and Cambodia, the escalating US troop presence and search and destroy missions, issues with body counts and pacification programs, the Tet Offensive in 1968, and the impact of Tet on public opinion in the US.
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The document summarizes key events in the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968, including the Gulf of Tonkin Incident that led to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution granting LBJ broad war powers, the initiation of bombing campaigns over North Vietnam and neighboring countries, the escalation of US ground troops, and the political fallout after the Tet Offensive showed the war was not going as well as claimed.
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1961 was a turbulent year that included the first human spaceflight, the failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, and the Berlin Crisis. Key events included Yuri Gagarin becoming the first person in space for the USSR in April, the Bay of Pigs failure in April where Cuban exiles tried but failed to overthrow Castro, and the Berlin Wall being constructed in August to stop people from leaving East Berlin. JFK responded to these challenges by giving a speech committing to land on the moon, taking responsibility for Bay of Pigs, and initiating Operation Mongoose covert operations against Cuba while avoiding war with the USSR over Berlin.
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JFK took several escalatory actions in Vietnam from 1961-1963, increasing aid and advisors to support the South Vietnamese government against the communists. However, he began to have doubts about the war and whether the US could win. During this time the Vietnam War escalated quietly as JFK dealt with other major foreign policy crises like the Cuban Missile Crisis, where the world came dangerously close to nuclear war but JFK was able to negotiate a resolution with Khrushchev. These events impacted JFK's thinking on foreign policy and relations with the Soviet Union.
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This document provides a timeline of key actions taken by the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan from 1931 to 1941, and the reactions and policies of the United States. It includes events such as Japan invading Manchuria in 1931, Italy invading Ethiopia in 1935, Germany remilitarizing the Rhineland in 1936, and Japan invading China in 1937. The US initially pursued policies of appeasement and neutrality through acts and arms embargoes. However, after Nazi Germany invaded numerous European countries and Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, the US entered WWII by declaring war on Japan.
The American Homefront
During World War 2, the American home front saw many changes. Over 10 million men were drafted or volunteered for military service known as GIs. Women entered the workforce in large numbers and some joined the military in non-combat roles. African Americans faced continued discrimination but also gained new opportunities, with over 1 million serving in segregated military units. Additionally, 112,000 Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated to internment camps due to racism and fears of sabotage. Native Americans also saw high rates of military service while Mexican agricultural workers immigrated to the US to address labor shortages under the Bracero Program.
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The document summarizes key events in the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968, including the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Operation Rolling Thunder bombing campaign, Operation Barrel Roll bombings in Laos and Cambodia, the escalating US troop presence and search and destroy missions, issues with body counts and pacification programs, the Tet Offensive in 1968, and the impact of Tet on public opinion in the US.
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The document summarizes key events in the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968, including the Gulf of Tonkin Incident that led to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution granting LBJ broad war powers, the initiation of bombing campaigns over North Vietnam and neighboring countries, the escalation of US ground troops, and the political fallout after the Tet Offensive showed the war was not going as well as claimed.
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1961 was a turbulent year that included the first human spaceflight, the failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, and the Berlin Crisis. Key events included Yuri Gagarin becoming the first person in space for the USSR in April, the Bay of Pigs failure in April where Cuban exiles tried but failed to overthrow Castro, and the Berlin Wall being constructed in August to stop people from leaving East Berlin. JFK responded to these challenges by giving a speech committing to land on the moon, taking responsibility for Bay of Pigs, and initiating Operation Mongoose covert operations against Cuba while avoiding war with the USSR over Berlin.
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1961 was a difficult year for President Kennedy. Key events included:
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3) During the Berlin Crisis, Khrushchev erected the Berlin Wall after threatening war if the US didn't leave Berlin. Kennedy acknowledged the wall was better than war.
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The 1950s saw major changes in American life and culture. The GI Bill helped veterans afford college and housing, contributing to the post-war baby boom and suburbanization. Families moved to new suburban developments like Levittown, helping popularize the ideal of home ownership. Consumerism and consumer goods also grew dramatically in this period. Teen culture emerged as a distinct phase of life. Strict gender roles were widely promoted as women focused on homemaking and childrearing while men worked as breadwinners. Television played a large role in shaping and broadcasting images of 1950s culture and lifestyle.
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The document also discusses how works like The Great Gatsby capture the psychological difficulties faced by soldiers returning from war like Vietnam.
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Life in 50s
The 1950s saw postwar economic adjustment and consumerism in America. The economy shifted from wartime to peacetime production causing unemployment and inflation initially. Truman's policies helped expand social programs. The GI Bill helped millions of veterans attend college or receive job training. America entered a period of economic growth and suburban expansion fueled by consumerism. Television became a new mass media that transformed popular culture and family life. Despite overall prosperity, many lived in poverty, especially non-whites and inner city residents.
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The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in August-October 1962 when the US discovered that the USSR had placed nuclear missiles in Cuba. This brought the two countries closest to WWIII. In response, JFK imposed a blockade around Cuba and demanded the missiles be removed. On October 24th, USSR ships stopped short of the blockade, and on October 28th Khruschev announced the missiles would be removed from Cuba in exchange for the US removing missiles from Turkey and promising not to invade Cuba again. The crisis highlighted the need for improved communication between the US and USSR and led to the establishment of a direct hotline.
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The 1920s saw a return to isolationism after WWI and the Red Scare led to persecution of radicals and immigrants. Eugenics promoted selective breeding while immigration was limited. Racial tensions grew as the meaning of "white" was debated. The booming economy focused on business and consumption while inequality and corruption threatened lasting prosperity.
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The Civil War was fought between the Northern and Southern states from 1861 to 1865 over the issues of slavery and states' rights. Some key events leading up to the war included the Compromise of 1850, the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin, the Dred Scott decision, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Lincoln-Douglas debates, John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 which caused several Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America. The North and South had differing advantages during the war, with the North having more resources and industry while the South fought on their home territory. Major battles and campaigns included Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Sherman's March to
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The anti-war movement in the United States began with student protests and grew significantly over the course of the Vietnam War. Major protests included large marches in Washington D.C. in 1965 and 1969 that drew tens of thousands and half a million participants respectively. The movement was energized by events like the Kent State shootings in 1970 and opposition to Nixon's invasion of Cambodia. Music played an important role in inspiring and rallying supporters to the anti-war cause. By 1971, another 500,000-person march signaled widespread disapproval of the war, and the movement's success ultimately contributed to the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam.
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1961 was a difficult year for President Kennedy. Key events included:
1) The USSR won the space race by putting the first man in orbit while the US began catching up with Alan Shepard's suborbital flight. Kennedy vowed to land a man on the moon.
2) The failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba embarrassed Kennedy and strengthened Castro.
3) During the Berlin Crisis, Khrushchev erected the Berlin Wall after threatening war if the US didn't leave Berlin. Kennedy acknowledged the wall was better than war.
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Eisenhower Foreign Policy
The document outlines key foreign policy events and strategies during the Eisenhower administration, referred to as "The New Look". It focused on deterring communist expansion through threats of "massive retaliation" using nuclear weapons. This included building up nuclear arsenals and policies like mutual assured destruction. The administration was concerned about the spread of communism in Southeast Asia and used strategies like the Domino Theory and Eisenhower Doctrine to contain it. Several covert CIA operations were also conducted to overthrow communist governments.
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The 1950s saw major changes in American life and culture. The GI Bill helped veterans afford college and housing, contributing to the post-war baby boom and suburbanization. Families moved to new suburban developments like Levittown, helping popularize the ideal of home ownership. Consumerism and consumer goods also grew dramatically in this period. Teen culture emerged as a distinct phase of life. Strict gender roles were widely promoted as women focused on homemaking and childrearing while men worked as breadwinners. Television played a large role in shaping and broadcasting images of 1950s culture and lifestyle.
WWI on the American Home Front
The government took several steps to finance World War 1 and manage the economy on the American home front. It issued Liberty Bonds that were sold to the public to fund 1/4 of the war's costs. It also established agencies like the War Industries Board to direct industrial production towards the war effort and manage prices. Additionally, the government enforced loyalty through censorship and propaganda. It cracked down on radicals and passed legislation restricting freedom of speech. The war also changed lives by causing labor shortages that opened opportunities for women and African Americans to enter the workforce.
The Civil War
The Civil War began in 1861 following several decades of increasing tensions between northern and southern states over the issues of states' rights and slavery. Key events and compromises failed to stop the spread of slavery and preserve the Union, culminating in southern states seceding to form the Confederate States of America. The war was fought for control of territories and to determine whether slavery would be permitted to expand. Major battles like Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg were turning points, and Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation aimed to weaken the South by freeing slaves. Ultimately, the Union prevailed after General Lee surrendered in 1865, but Lincoln was assassinated shortly after.
JFK Foreign Policy
The document summarizes key events in US foreign policy during the early 1960s under presidents Kennedy and Johnson. It describes the failed Bay of Pigs invasion, the Berlin Crisis and Kennedy's confrontation with Khrushchev over Soviet missiles in Cuba, known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. It also discusses Kennedy's Alliance for Progress initiative to promote economic development in Latin America and the establishment of the Peace Corps. The summary concludes by noting Johnson's continuation of containment policies against communism, including sending troops to the Dominican Republic and military advisors to South Vietnam.
The Battles of Trenton and Princeton
The battles of Trenton and Princeton were important Revolutionary War victories for the colonists led by General George Washington. In Trenton on December 26, 1776, Washington launched a surprise attack against Hessian troops commanded by Colonel Johann Rall, who were caught off guard while celebrating Christmas. The poorly prepared Hessians were defeated within two hours, with over 900 captured. In Princeton on January 3, 1777, Washington outmaneuvered British forces led by General Cornwallis and General Mawhood, defeating them and gaining another much-needed victory for the colonial cause.
Vietnam Day 1
This document provides historical background on Vietnam from the 1800s through the early 1960s. It summarizes that Vietnam had been fighting for independence for centuries, including asking the US for help against the French in the 1860s and 1910s. It then covers the US involvement in Vietnam through the presidencies of Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, including the rise of Diem, the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu, and the quiet escalation of US advisors and involvement despite doubts about whether the US could win.
My Lai Powerpoint
The document summarizes the My Lai massacre, where between 307-504 unarmed Vietnamese civilians, including women and children, were killed by U.S. forces on March 16, 1968. Led by Captain Ernest Medina and 1st Lieutenant William Calley, Charlie Company of the 23rd Infantry Division opened fire on the villagers, executing civilians, with Calley reportedly killing 70 himself, despite there being no enemy soldiers present. While many soldiers were charged, only Calley was convicted of murder, receiving a life sentence later commuted by President Nixon.
War Comparisons
The document summarizes key details about several wars involving the United States:
World War I was caused by rising nationalism in Europe and alliances between countries that led to trench warfare. The US entered after German U-boats sank American ships.
World War II saw the US enter to defeat enemy countries like Germany and Japan. It boosted the economy by creating jobs and demand for goods to support the troops.
The Vietnam War was fought between North and South Vietnam and divided Americans. Returning soldiers faced protests at home instead of praise.
The document also discusses how works like The Great Gatsby capture the psychological difficulties faced by soldiers returning from war like Vietnam.
Veterans Day 2013 - A Special Anniversary
This year, Veterans Day has a special meaning because it marks the 40th anniversary of the release of nearly 600 Americans who had been Prisoners of War in North Viet Nam. It brings back vivid memories of a very difficult time.
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The document provides information on key events during the Kennedy and Johnson presidencies from 1960-1969. It discusses JFK's New Frontier domestic agenda and role in escalating the Space Race. It also summarizes JFK's foreign policy challenges, including the failed Bay of Pigs invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis. The document outlines LBJ's Great Society programs and escalation of US involvement in the Vietnam War. It notes the social movements of this era, including the women's liberation movement and civil rights struggles.
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Kennedy initially opposed French colonialism in Vietnam and the policies of containment and McCarthyism. As president, he increased U.S. military advisers in Vietnam due to fears that failure in Vietnam would undermine U.S. credibility globally. However, the ARVN performed poorly and the strategic hamlet program failed to win over the population, leading to growing doubts within the administration over escalation in Vietnam. Kennedy was assassinated before implementing a withdrawal strategy.
19 jfk
John F. Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States who served from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. As president, Kennedy advocated for expanding civil rights and launched the "New Frontier" domestic program. In foreign policy, his administration escalated U.S. involvement in Vietnam and had a major confrontation with the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald, leaving the country in mourning.
Vietnam Nixon
The document discusses several key events and strategies around ending the Vietnam War. It describes Nixon's "Peace with Honor" approach of withdrawing troops over 14 phases between 1968 and 1972. It also mentions escalated bombing of Cambodia and the leaking of the Pentagon Papers, which detailed government deception about the war. The war was not ending as most Americans hoped, with bombing and involvement in other countries increasing.
The cold war full story s. white
The Cold War began in 1945 after World War II and lasted until 1991. It was a period of intense rivalry and hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union, who emerged as the two dominant superpowers after WWII. Both nations increased military spending and built up nuclear arsenals, risking global destruction through nuclear war. The conflict included numerous proxy wars around the world and heightened tensions, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis that brought the world close to nuclear war. In the late 1980s, reforms in the Soviet Union under Gorbachev led to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union, bringing an end to the over 40-year long Cold War.
Vietnam cold war_conflicts
The document provides an overview of key events related to the Vietnam War including:
1) The origins of the Vietnam War in the defeat of French colonial forces by Vietnamese communists led by Ho Chi Minh in 1954 and the subsequent division of Vietnam along the 17th parallel.
2) Key figures and events in both North and South Vietnam including Ngo Dinh Diem's rule in the South and major military campaigns by both sides such as the Tet Offensive and fall of Saigon in 1975.
3) Contextual information on how the Vietnam War fit into broader Cold War conflicts between communist and capitalist blocs globally.
US Nixon to Legacies and Lessons Learned from Vietnam
The document summarizes key events and lessons from the Vietnam War era under President Nixon. It discusses Nixon's plan to withdraw U.S. troops from Vietnam over 4 years through Vietnamization while continuing air strikes secretly. Major turning points included the Kent State shooting, Pentagon Papers leak, 1973 Paris Peace Accords, and the last U.S. troops leaving in 1975. The war resulted in over 58,000 U.S. deaths and 2 million Vietnamese deaths, costing $150 billion. Key lessons highlighted include the limitations of U.S. military power, need for clear strategies, understanding other cultures, and impacts of the war on trust in government.
Lbj and vietnam
LBJ greatly expanded social programs under the Great Society but became bogged down in the Vietnam War. He escalated US involvement despite growing domestic opposition. By 1968 the Tet Offensive showed the war was unwinnable, leading LBJ to not seek re-election. The war deeply divided the US and eroded trust in government. It ended in 1975 with a communist victory in Vietnam after the US withdrew.
How effectively did the USA contain the spread of communism
The document provides background information on the Korean War and the UN's involvement. It describes the key stages of the war, from North Korea's initial invasion of South Korea, to the UN's reaction in calling for forces to be used to push North Korea back, to the drawn out battles along the 38th parallel border. It discusses debates around how successful the UN was, with arguments that it was largely a puppet of the US but also that it acted quickly to prevent the fall of South Korea.
Vietnam Day 3
The document summarizes key political and military events in the US and Vietnam from 1968 to 1972, including LBJ's decision not to seek re-election in 1968 due to opposition to the war, Nixon's strategies to end the war through Vietnamization and troop withdrawal while increasing bombing of North Vietnam, and growing anti-war protests at home as the war continued.
The Movement Takes a New Turn
The civil rights movement split in the mid-1960s due to the rise of black nationalism and calls for black power led by Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael which advocated for racial separation and black self-sufficiency rather than integration. This split the movement from groups like the NAACP and SCLC that pursued non-violent protest and integration. The tragic assassinations of MLK Jr. and RFK in 1968 further eroded hope in non-violent change and sparked riots across the country. However, the civil rights movement achieved its goal of ending legal segregation and saw more African Americans able to vote and get elected to political office, demonstrating its lasting legacy of progress toward racial equality.
The vietnam war.pptx
This document provides an overview of key events in the 1960s related to the Vietnam War and anti-war movement in the United States. It describes the initial involvement of US troops in Vietnam in 1965, the escalation of bombing campaigns and troop levels throughout the later 1960s, and major battles like Tet Offensive and Ia Drang Valley. It also discusses the growth of anti-war protests in the US and events like the Kent State shooting. The document traces the war through the Nixon administration's Vietnamization policy and withdrawal of troops in the early 1970s.
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US Nixon to Legacies and Lessons Learned from Vietnam
US Nixon to Legacies and Lessons Learned from Vietnam
How effectively did the USA contain the spread of communism
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Vietnam L B J
- 1. September 25, 1964 “We don’t want our American boys to do the fighting for Asian boys. We don’t want to get tied down in a land war in Asia.”
- 2. August 2, 1964 • NV torpedo boats fire on Maddox • Damage-1 Bullet hole! • 3 Torpedoes Missed! August 4, 1964 • Maddox used as bait! • No one heard a single shot! US Response-64 planes bomb oil depot in NV.
- 3. Maddox was in international waters! Maddox was on an espionage mission • Collecting info and dropping commandos into NV
- 4. August 7, 1964 • House 416-0 • Senate 88-2 Gave LBJ a “Blank Check” • Gave the President the right to repel by any means necessary any attack against US armed forces. Grandma’s Nightshirt
- 5. Operation Rolling Thunder • Supposed to take 6-8 weeks, lasted 4 years • Showed support for SV & Bomb the Ho Chi Minh Trail • “We’re going to bomb them back to the Stone Age.” –Curtis LeMay
- 6. Most commonly used-Agent Orange • US sprayed millions of gallons on the jungles of Vietnam • 100,000x deadlier than any other chemical in the world • It’s a carcinogen!!
- 7. Jellied Gasoline • An incendiary bomb used to burn away the jungle! • Also causes cancer! • Outlawed in 1984.
- 8. Planes fly in groups of 3 • No clear objectives! • Level areas 1 mile long and a ½ mile wide. Puff the Magic Dragon • Guns that fires 18,000 rounds/minute
- 9. Main supply line for the VietCong • It ran from North Vietnam, through Laos, and into Cambodia.
- 11. Massive bombing of Laos/Cambodia starting in 1964. • Done in secret! • After revolution in Laos! • Boomerang Effect- massive infiltration of troops down the trail. 1965-8,800/month 1967-100,000/month
- 12. First combat troops sent in March 6, 1965 Defensive War- learned lessons of aggression from Korea. • Troop level increased to 550,000 • Search and Destroy- Locate enemy, call in air strike, clear ground w/troops • Problem-Never hold and control any
- 13. Secretary of Defense- Robert McNamara • “If it’s dead and Vietnamese, it’s Vietcong” • Inflated Statistic • If you kill 2, say that you killed 8 or 10. • Why?
- 14. A.K.A. Forced Urbanization • Moved refugees to camps or cities and then burned their homes. • Op. Phoenix-CIA secretly executed 20,000 SV civilians that were suspected communists-
- 15. Attrition was to be the key • Push the VC out of the cities and into the countryside • US could then use firepower and mobility to then destroy the enemy.
- 16. 2.6 million men served • Average Age-19, WWII- 26 • Vietnam-25%, WWII- 66% • Poor, only 1/10 had a college education • Thousands stayed in college while over 30,000 went to Canada.
- 17. General William Westmoreland-”I have never been more encouraged in my 4 years in Vietnam. We have reached an important point when the end comes into view.
- 18. “You can kill 10 of my men for every 1 I kill of yours, but even at those odds, you will lose and I will win.” “I know Americans they are impatient people. They will leave.”
- 19. Vietnamese New Year • VC attacked over 100 cities and 12 US bases Saigon • New embassy a symbol of American power One of 6 main targets • LBJ said it was the most secure site in Vietnam • 2:45am 15 people blew a hole in the 8 ft. wall • 9:20am Embassy was secured!
- 20. Militarily-US lost no territory • Casualties- US (1000) • SV (2000) • NV (45,000) • Westy-Battle of the Bulge? Politically-hurt US confidence, losing the war • VC-Morale down, lost confidence in leadership, doubtful of victory.
- 21. Walter Cronkite • “ I thought that we were winning this war. What the hell is going on here? LBJ- • “If I’ve lost Walter, then its all over. I’ve lost the average American. • Westmoreland asked for 206,000 troops • LBJ gave him 10,500
- 22. New Hampshire Primary • LBJ 49% • Senator Eugene McCarthy 48.6% (Minn) • Soon Robert Kennedy would enter the race for 1968.
- 23. Hawks – pro-war Doves – anti-war Norman Morrison • Quaker, father of 3 threw child near the Pentagon • Then set himself on fire due to the war • March 31, 1968-LBJ announced that he would not run for a 2nd term & halt bombing Alice Herz • 82 year old woman that burned herself alive- Detroit