World War 2 pulled the US out of the Great Depression as the economy shifted to focus on wartime production. Various government agencies were established to direct industries to make military goods and manage supply shortages and price controls. Factories converted operations to produce airplanes, ships, weapons and ammunition. By 1945 the US had produced over 300,000 airplanes and other military equipment, becoming known as the "Arsenal of Democracy". Financing the war required increased taxes and sales of war bonds. Over 14 million women joined the workforce during the war to replace men serving in the military.

1. World War IIWorld War II

2. Section One:Section One:
The shift to wartime productionThe shift to wartime production
► US gets out of depression due to supplyingUS gets out of depression due to supplying
goods to Allied forces.goods to Allied forces.
► Economy devoted to making wartimeEconomy devoted to making wartime
goods.goods.
► Office of Price Administration (OPA)Office of Price Administration (OPA)
 Keep shortages from sending up prices andKeep shortages from sending up prices and
rent, thus causing inflation.rent, thus causing inflation.
► War Production Board (WPB)War Production Board (WPB)
 Directs industries from making peace productsDirects industries from making peace products
to wartime goods.to wartime goods.
► Office of War Mobilization (OWM)Office of War Mobilization (OWM)
 Run by James Byrnes, “assistant President”Run by James Byrnes, “assistant President”

3. Industries convertIndustries convert
► Shirt factories make mosquito netsShirt factories make mosquito nets
► Typewriter plants make machine gunsTypewriter plants make machine guns
► Willow Run factory makes 340 planes/month inWillow Run factory makes 340 planes/month in
1943.1943.
► Henry J. Kaiser introduces mass productionHenry J. Kaiser introduces mass production
techniques to ship building.techniques to ship building.
 Liberty ships – large/sturdy metal ships thatLiberty ships – large/sturdy metal ships that
carried supplies or troops.carried supplies or troops.
 Takes an average of 46 days to build one.Takes an average of 46 days to build one.

4. The “Great Arsenal of Democracy”The “Great Arsenal of Democracy”
►By the middle of 1945, the USBy the middle of 1945, the US
had produced…had produced…
 300,000 airplanes300,000 airplanes
 80,000 landing craft80,000 landing craft
 100,000 tanks100,000 tanks
 5,600 merchant ships (2,600 Liberty5,600 merchant ships (2,600 Liberty
Ships)Ships)
 6 million rifles (carbines and6 million rifles (carbines and
machine guns)machine guns)
 41 billion rounds of ammunition41 billion rounds of ammunition

5. The Wartime Work ForceThe Wartime Work Force
► Unemployment fell to 2% in 1943Unemployment fell to 2% in 1943 ..
► Average weekly pay rose 27% in just 3 yrs.Average weekly pay rose 27% in just 3 yrs.
► Union membership rose 10.5 million inUnion membership rose 10.5 million in
1941, to 14.8 million in 1945.1941, to 14.8 million in 1945.
 Thus, strikes doubled b/t 1942 and 1943.Thus, strikes doubled b/t 1942 and 1943.
 Wildcat strikes – organized by workersWildcat strikes – organized by workers
themselves and not endorsed by unions.themselves and not endorsed by unions.
 Worst in the coal mines.Worst in the coal mines.

6. Financing the WarFinancing the War
► Federal spending increased from $9.4 billionFederal spending increased from $9.4 billion
in 1939 to $95.2 billion in 1945.in 1939 to $95.2 billion in 1945.
► GNP doubled in that time.GNP doubled in that time.
► Cost to Fed Gov’t b/t 1941-5 was $321Cost to Fed Gov’t b/t 1941-5 was $321
billion (ten times as much as WWI).billion (ten times as much as WWI).
► Got money $$$ from:Got money $$$ from:
 Higher taxes, banks, private investors, publicHigher taxes, banks, private investors, public
► 1942 – US treasury introduces WAR BONDS1942 – US treasury introduces WAR BONDS
 Gov’t savings bonds that financed the war.Gov’t savings bonds that financed the war.
 Total brought in $156 billion.Total brought in $156 billion.
► Deficit spending – John Maynard KeyesDeficit spending – John Maynard Keyes
 Gov’t should spend borrowed money to get econGov’t should spend borrowed money to get econ
moving.moving.
 Would create a huge national debt for laterWould create a huge national debt for later

7. Enlisting Public SupportEnlisting Public Support
► June 1942 – Office of War InformationJune 1942 – Office of War Information
 Worked with magazine publishers, advertising agencies,Worked with magazine publishers, advertising agencies,
and radio stations.and radio stations.
 Hired people to write patriotic ads/posters.Hired people to write patriotic ads/posters.
► Look at pages 724 and 725Look at pages 724 and 725
► Victory GardenVictory Garden
 After Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,After Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Sec. OfSec. Of
Agriculture suggested people plant homeAgriculture suggested people plant home
gardens to make up for farm produce sent togardens to make up for farm produce sent to
the soldiers.the soldiers.
 People planted: tomatoes, peas, radishes, etc.People planted: tomatoes, peas, radishes, etc.
 By 1943, victory gardens produced about 1/3 ofBy 1943, victory gardens produced about 1/3 of
the countries fresh veggies.the countries fresh veggies.

8. The birth of Captain America!The birth of Captain America!

9. Shortages and ControlsShortages and Controls
► Many things were at a shortage…Many things were at a shortage…
 Metal for zippers used for guns, rubber forMetal for zippers used for guns, rubber for
girdles went to tires for army trucks, and nylonsgirdles went to tires for army trucks, and nylons
went to parachutes instead of stockings.went to parachutes instead of stockings.
► Food shortages:Food shortages:
 Sugar became scarce when our supplier, theSugar became scarce when our supplier, the
Philippines, fell to Japan.Philippines, fell to Japan.
 Shipping lanes closed, making it hard to getShipping lanes closed, making it hard to get
tropical fruits or Brazilian coffee.tropical fruits or Brazilian coffee.
► The OPA took it upon themselves toThe OPA took it upon themselves to
ration!ration!
 Coupon books for clothing, food, etc.Coupon books for clothing, food, etc.
 People would trade one coupon for another.People would trade one coupon for another.
► Bread coupon for a meat coupon.Bread coupon for a meat coupon.

10. Enlisting Public SupportEnlisting Public Support
► June 1942 – Office of War InformationJune 1942 – Office of War Information
 Worked with magazine publishers, advertising agencies,Worked with magazine publishers, advertising agencies,
and radio stations.and radio stations.
 Hired people to write patriotic ads/posters.Hired people to write patriotic ads/posters.
► Look at pages 724 and 725Look at pages 724 and 725
► Victory GardenVictory Garden
 After Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,After Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Sec. OfSec. Of
Agriculture suggested people plant homeAgriculture suggested people plant home
gardens to make up for farm produce sent togardens to make up for farm produce sent to
the soldiers.the soldiers.
 People planted: tomatoes, peas, radishes, etc.People planted: tomatoes, peas, radishes, etc.
 By 1943, victory gardens produced about 1/3 ofBy 1943, victory gardens produced about 1/3 of
the countries fresh veggies.the countries fresh veggies.

11. Causes of US entering WWIICauses of US entering WWII
Military Support of
Allies -Neutrality
Act and Lend-
Lease allow US to
supply Britain with
war goods
German Sub
Attacks on US
naval
destroyers
while escorting
British ships
Japanese
Imperialism –
US economic
sanctions
against Japan
to protest
aggression
US Enters WWII
December 8, 1941
December 7, 1941
Japan attacks Pearl
Harbor

12. Section 3: Women and the WarSection 3: Women and the War
► 1942 song talked about1942 song talked about
ROSIE the RiveterROSIE the Riveter
 Young woman whoYoung woman who
worked in a defense plantworked in a defense plant
while her boyfriendwhile her boyfriend
Charlie served in theCharlie served in the
marines.marines.
► The Gov’t used thisThe Gov’t used this
image to attractimage to attract
women to the workwomen to the work
force.force.
 The image was young,The image was young,
white, and middle class.white, and middle class.
 Patriotism was her mainPatriotism was her main
reason for helping out.reason for helping out.

13. Changes for Working WomenChanges for Working Women
► By 1940, about 15.5% of married women wereBy 1940, about 15.5% of married women were
working.working.
► The War changed things…The War changed things…
 The jobs weren’t just teaching and nursing…The jobs weren’t just teaching and nursing…
► Manufacturing: airplane plants, shipyards, steelworkers,Manufacturing: airplane plants, shipyards, steelworkers,
welders, etc.welders, etc.
 Number of working women rose from 14.6Number of working women rose from 14.6
million in 1941 to about 19.4 million in 1944.million in 1941 to about 19.4 million in 1944.
 At one point, they made up 35% of theAt one point, they made up 35% of the
workforce.workforce.
 By the end of the war, half of all women workers wereBy the end of the war, half of all women workers were
over age 35.over age 35.

14. Black-American Women WorkersBlack-American Women Workers
► When they appliedWhen they applied
for defensefor defense
positions, they stillpositions, they still
faced discriminationfaced discrimination
and prejudice.and prejudice.
► During the war, theyDuring the war, they
began to make thebegan to make the
shift from working inshift from working in
domestic service todomestic service to
industry.industry.

15. Problems for Working WomenProblems for Working Women
► Still faced discrimination & hostile reactions.Still faced discrimination & hostile reactions.
► Many managers were nervous about mixingMany managers were nervous about mixing
sexes, so they set up strict rules.sexes, so they set up strict rules.
 Can’t date each other, etc.Can’t date each other, etc.
► Working women had to leave their kids.Working women had to leave their kids.
 They were encouraged to work, but also wereThey were encouraged to work, but also were
encouraged to be good mothers and run a good home.encouraged to be good mothers and run a good home.
► They still weren’t paid as much as menThey still weren’t paid as much as men
were and they advanced slower in thewere and they advanced slower in the
work place.work place.
 At the Willow Run plant (airplanes)womenAt the Willow Run plant (airplanes)women
earned $2,928/year compared with $3,363 forearned $2,928/year compared with $3,363 for
men.men.

16. After the WarAfter the War
► The Gov’t just assumed after the war thatThe Gov’t just assumed after the war that
the women would return home…the women would return home…
► Returning men wanted their jobs and their oldReturning men wanted their jobs and their old
lifestyle at home back.lifestyle at home back.
► The Gov’t now encouraged women toThe Gov’t now encouraged women to
return home and focus on cooking andreturn home and focus on cooking and
child care.child care.
 Which can be recognized in the 1950/60’s.Which can be recognized in the 1950/60’s.
► When the war was over, twice as many women asWhen the war was over, twice as many women as
men lost their factory jobs.men lost their factory jobs.

17. From this….From this…. To this…To this…

18. Allies v. Axis PowersAllies v. Axis Powers
► AlliesAllies
 Great BritainGreat Britain
 FranceFrance
 Soviet Union (afterSoviet Union (after
6/1941)6/1941)
 U.S. (after 12/1941)U.S. (after 12/1941)
 Plus many smallerPlus many smaller
European nationsEuropean nations
► Axis PowersAxis Powers
 GermanyGermany
 ItalyItaly
 JapanJapan

19. Pearl Harbor &Pearl Harbor &
Interment CampsInterment Camps

20. Pearl HarborPearl Harbor
► Japan was working on expanding empireJapan was working on expanding empire
throughout the Pacificthroughout the Pacific
► The U.S. had a trade embargo on Japan toThe U.S. had a trade embargo on Japan to
try and deter Japan from invading countriestry and deter Japan from invading countries
► U.S. was able to intercept and break Japan'sU.S. was able to intercept and break Japan's
secret codessecret codes
► Intercepted the code about Pearl Harbor -Intercepted the code about Pearl Harbor -
sent the message on a slower telegram (bysent the message on a slower telegram (by
accident) to warn U.S. Navy about attackaccident) to warn U.S. Navy about attack

21. Pearl Harbor ContinuedPearl Harbor Continued
It was a Sunday morning - U.S. military was taken offIt was a Sunday morning - U.S. military was taken off
guardguard
2 full blown attacks on Pearl Harbor December 7,2 full blown attacks on Pearl Harbor December 7,
19411941
Impact/Damage on U.S.Impact/Damage on U.S.
► oo 2,400 U.S. military and civilians lost their lives2,400 U.S. military and civilians lost their lives
► oo 1,178 U.S. military and civilians wounded1,178 U.S. military and civilians wounded
► oo 18 ships and 350 planes sunk or damaged18 ships and 350 planes sunk or damaged

22. Pearl Harbor ContinuedPearl Harbor Continued
►Japan viewed as a stunning victoryJapan viewed as a stunning victory
►December 8, 1941, U.S. declares war onDecember 8, 1941, U.S. declares war on
JapanJapan
►December 11, 1941, Germany and ItalyDecember 11, 1941, Germany and Italy
declare war on U.S.declare war on U.S.

23. Citizenship, Civil RightsCitizenship, Civil Rights
& Japanese Internment& Japanese Internment

25. Historical BackgroundHistorical Background
►Aliens or ImmigrantsAliens or Immigrants
►Asian Immigration &Asian Immigration &
American NativismAmerican Nativism
(1870s-1920s)(1870s-1920s)
►Legacies of Anti-AsianLegacies of Anti-Asian
SentimentSentiment
Harper’s Weekly
illustration from 1870s
was critical of anti-
Chinese sentiment.

26. WWII & Japanese InternmentWWII & Japanese Internment
►Nativism by the Bombs’ Early LightNativism by the Bombs’ Early Light
►FDR & Executive Order 9066FDR & Executive Order 9066
►Camp LifeCamp Life

27. Illustration and Writing ProjectIllustration and Writing Project
►Individual Creative WritingIndividual Creative Writing
►Small Group DiscussionSmall Group Discussion
►Large Group Discussion of IllustrationsLarge Group Discussion of Illustrations

28. Image 1Image 1
Wanto Grocery, owned by an Asian American, UC Berkeley
graduate. (California, December 1941)

29. Image 2Image 2
Reading evacuation orders on a bulletin board in Los Angeles.
These families will have as little as one week to report to the
relocation center. (1942) Library of Congress.

30. Image 3Image 3
Dorothea Lange, “One Nation Indivisible.” Pledge of
Allegiance at Rafael Weill Elementary School a few weeks
prior to evacuation. (San Francisco, 1942)

31. Image 4Image 4
Japanese Americans register for internment at the Santa Anita
reception center in Los Angeles. (1942) Library of Congress

32. Image 5Image 5
Evacuees waiting with their luggage at the old train station in
Los Angeles, CA. The train will take them to Owens Valley.
(April 1942) Library of Congress

33. Image 6Image 6
Japanese Americans waiting to board the train that will take them to
the internment camp in Owens Valley. (April 1942)

34. Image 7Image 7
“All Packed Up and Ready to Go” Editorial Cartoon, San
Francisco News (March 6, 1942)

35. Image 8Image 8
Family arriving in internment camp barracks, from the Tacoma
New Tribune, University of Washington. (no date)

36. Image 9Image 9
An American Soldier on guard duty at an internment camp holds a
Japanese American child. Tacoma News Tribune, University of
Washington.

37. Image 10Image 10
Internment camp mess hall. Seattle Post-Intelligencer, University of
Washington.

38. Image 11Image 11
Byron, Takashi Tsuzuki, Forced Removal, Act II, 1944. Japanese
American National Museum Collection.

39. Image 12Image 12
G.S. Hante, a barber in Kent, Washington, displays his sentiments
about internment. (March 1944)

40. The Rest of the StoryThe Rest of the Story
►Confiscation and Property LossConfiscation and Property Loss
►Korematsu v. United StatesKorematsu v. United States (1944)(1944)
►Apology & ReparationsApology & Reparations
George H. W. Bush’s apology to
Japanese Americans held in the
internment camps. (1988)

41. By the way….By the way….
► 17,000 Nisei soldiers served in the armed forces.17,000 Nisei soldiers served in the armed forces.
 About 1,200 volunteered from the internment camps.About 1,200 volunteered from the internment camps.
► The 442The 442ndnd
Regimental Combat Team was made upRegimental Combat Team was made up
of all Japanese Americans.of all Japanese Americans.
 They fought in France and Germany.They fought in France and Germany.
 They won more medals for bravery than any other unitThey won more medals for bravery than any other unit
in United States history.in United States history.

42. Nisei SoldierNisei Soldier

45. The Eastern frontThe Eastern front

46. Battle of the AtlanticBattle of the Atlantic
► 1939 – 1945 (Jan. 1942 – July 1943 were decisive)1939 – 1945 (Jan. 1942 – July 1943 were decisive)
► German U-Boats were sinking unprotected U.S. and other Allies'German U-Boats were sinking unprotected U.S. and other Allies'
merchant shipsmerchant ships
► Allies began using convoys to protect shipsAllies began using convoys to protect ships
► The Allies also used a sonar system to detect German U-BoatsThe Allies also used a sonar system to detect German U-Boats
► The Germans were very successful in the beginning, but by mid -The Germans were very successful in the beginning, but by mid -
1943, the Allies had the upper hand1943, the Allies had the upper hand

47. "The Battle of the Atlantic was the only thing that really
frightened me" - Winston Churchill.

48. Normandy Invasion (D-Day)Normandy Invasion (D-Day)
► June 6, 1944June 6, 1944
► During this time, Soviet Union was pushing into PolandDuring this time, Soviet Union was pushing into Poland
and Allies were pushing North in Italyand Allies were pushing North in Italy
► Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and George PattonGenerals Dwight D. Eisenhower and George Patton
influential in leading attackinfluential in leading attack
► 3 million ally troops to attack3 million ally troops to attack

53. Normandy Invasion cont.Normandy Invasion cont.
D – DayD – Day
 60 mile stretch of beach60 mile stretch of beach
 156,000 troops156,000 troops
 4,000 landing craft4,000 landing craft
 600 warships600 warships
 11,000 planes11,000 planes
 Largest land-sea-air operation in historyLargest land-sea-air operation in history
 Omaha beach known as one of the mostOmaha beach known as one of the most
brutal areasbrutal areas

54. ► The D-Day Museum in Portsmouth, England claims a total ofThe D-Day Museum in Portsmouth, England claims a total of
2,500 Allied troops died, while German forces suffered between2,500 Allied troops died, while German forces suffered between
4,000 and 9,000 total casualties on D-Day.4,000 and 9,000 total casualties on D-Day.
► The Heritage Foundation in the U.S. claims 4,900 U.S. dead onThe Heritage Foundation in the U.S. claims 4,900 U.S. dead on
D-DayD-Day
► The U.S. Army Center of Military History cites a total casualtyThe U.S. Army Center of Military History cites a total casualty
figure for U.S. forces at 6,036. This number combines dead andfigure for U.S. forces at 6,036. This number combines dead and
wounded in the D-Day battleswounded in the D-Day battles
► John Keegan, American Historian and Author believes thatJohn Keegan, American Historian and Author believes that
2,500 Americans died along with 3,000 British and Canadian2,500 Americans died along with 3,000 British and Canadian
troops on D-Daytroops on D-Day
► By the end of the of the entire Normandy Campaign, nearlyBy the end of the of the entire Normandy Campaign, nearly
425,000 Allied and German troops were killed, wounded, or425,000 Allied and German troops were killed, wounded, or
missing.missing.

56. Normandy Invasion cont.Normandy Invasion cont.
The battle continuesThe battle continues
► W/in 1 month, a million more troopsW/in 1 month, a million more troops
► September 1944, France was freed fromSeptember 1944, France was freed from
Nazi controlNazi control

57. Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge
► December 1944December 1944
 General Patton broughtGeneral Patton brought
250,000 soldiers.250,000 soldiers.
► Nazi troops squeezed b/wNazi troops squeezed b/w
Soviets and AlliesSoviets and Allies
► Hitler launched a surpriseHitler launched a surprise
offensive in a weakenedoffensive in a weakened
part of the linepart of the line
► Created a “bulge” in theCreated a “bulge” in the
front line.front line.
► Hitler was defeated againHitler was defeated again
► Largest battle in WesternLargest battle in Western
Europe during WWII.Europe during WWII.
 Out of 600,000 GI’s 80,000Out of 600,000 GI’s 80,000
killed.killed.
 German loss: 100,000German loss: 100,000
► One more nail in the coffin.One more nail in the coffin.
► Nazi leaders knew that theNazi leaders knew that the
end was near.end was near.

58. Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference
►Took place February 1945 before WWII wasTook place February 1945 before WWII was
overover
►Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met in YaltaRoosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met in Yalta
in the Soviet Union to discuss post WWIIin the Soviet Union to discuss post WWII
►Set up United NationsSet up United Nations

59. Yalta –Yalta – “The Big 3”“The Big 3”

60. April 12, 1945April 12, 1945
►At the beginning of his 4At the beginning of his 4thth
Term, PresidentTerm, President
Franklin D. Roosevelt passes awayFranklin D. Roosevelt passes away
►The U.S. went through a major grievingThe U.S. went through a major grieving
periodperiod
►Harry S. Truman, as Vice-President, takesHarry S. Truman, as Vice-President, takes
the role as Presidentthe role as President

62. Allied Victory in EuropeAllied Victory in Europe
►After “Bulge,” Allies closed in onAfter “Bulge,” Allies closed in on
Berlin.Berlin.
►Allies met at Yalta to discuss terms ofAllies met at Yalta to discuss terms of
German surrender.German surrender.
►Berlin ended up under Soviet control.Berlin ended up under Soviet control.
(Uh, oh).(Uh, oh).
►Hitler committed suicide at theHitler committed suicide at the
beginning of May in 1945.beginning of May in 1945.
►VE DAY = Victory in Europe!VE DAY = Victory in Europe!
 May 8, 1945May 8, 1945
►Discovery of the “death” camps.Discovery of the “death” camps.

63. ► Germany signs unconditional surrender.Germany signs unconditional surrender.
 May 1, 1945 Hitler kills himself.May 1, 1945 Hitler kills himself.
 May 8, 1945 Germany surrenders.May 8, 1945 Germany surrenders.
► War in Europe is over!War in Europe is over!
 May 8, 1945May 8, 1945

64. The end of HitlerThe end of Hitler
► April 30, 1945 HitlerApril 30, 1945 Hitler
and Eva Braun commitand Eva Braun commit
suicide (gun shot andsuicide (gun shot and
cyanide)cyanide)
► Bodies burned in streetBodies burned in street
► Cover of TimeCover of Time
magazine May 7, 1945magazine May 7, 1945

65. V-E DayV-E Day
► May 8, 1945May 8, 1945
► General Eisenhower accepted a surrender by the ThirdGeneral Eisenhower accepted a surrender by the Third
ReichReich
► V-E day = Victory in Europe dayV-E day = Victory in Europe day
► 11stst
part of War was overpart of War was over

67. PotsdamPotsdam
►July – August 1945July – August 1945
►Truman, (Churchill and then Clement Atlee)Truman, (Churchill and then Clement Atlee)
and Stalin met in Potsdam, Germanyand Stalin met in Potsdam, Germany
►Drew up a blueprint to disarm Germany andDrew up a blueprint to disarm Germany and
eliminate the Nazi regimeeliminate the Nazi regime

68. Potsdam ContinuedPotsdam Continued
► Divided Germany into 4 sections (occupied byDivided Germany into 4 sections (occupied by
France, Britain, U.S. and Soviet Union)France, Britain, U.S. and Soviet Union)
► Berlin to be divided up in East (or SovietBerlin to be divided up in East (or Soviet
Germany)Germany)
► Set up the Nuremberg Trials to persecute NaziSet up the Nuremberg Trials to persecute Nazi
leadersleaders
► Japan mustJapan must “unconditionally surrender”“unconditionally surrender”

71. Potsdam, GermanyPotsdam, Germany

73. Nuremberg TrialsNuremberg Trials
►International tribunal court tried NaziInternational tribunal court tried Nazi
officialsofficials
►Over 23 nations tried Nazi war criminals inOver 23 nations tried Nazi war criminals in
Nuremberg, GermanyNuremberg, Germany
►12 of the 22 defendants were sentenced to12 of the 22 defendants were sentenced to
deathdeath
►200 other officials were found guilty, but200 other officials were found guilty, but
give lesser sentencesgive lesser sentences

74. America in the PacificAmerica in the Pacific► Had to gain control ofHad to gain control of
the skies and waters ofthe skies and waters of
the Pacificthe Pacific
 TheThe Battle of CoralBattle of Coral
SeaSea was the 1was the 1stst
majormajor
battle for US in thebattle for US in the
Pacific.Pacific.
 May 4-8 1942May 4-8 1942
► Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway
 June 4, 1942;June 4, 1942; fought byfought by
air.air.
 Sunk 4 JapaneseSunk 4 Japanese
carriers, 250 planes.carriers, 250 planes.
► Japan can no longerJapan can no longer
launch an offensive,launch an offensive,
allies can.allies can.
 Turning point, facedTurning point, faced
kamikazeskamikazes

75. The fight for the PacificThe fight for the Pacific

76. KAMIKAZESKAMIKAZES
► Japanese suicideJapanese suicide
squadronssquadrons
► Aircrafts were loadedAircrafts were loaded
with explosiveswith explosives
► Flew directly into USFlew directly into US
naval vessels killingnaval vessels killing
themselves in an effortthemselves in an effort
to stop the Americanto stop the American
advanceadvance
► Altogether, they sankAltogether, they sank
about 40 shipsabout 40 ships
http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-
midway/videos/kamikaze-pilots?
m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

77. Battle of the Coral SeaBattle of the Coral Sea
► Prior to this battle, the Japanese were winning everyPrior to this battle, the Japanese were winning every
battle and taking over the Pacificbattle and taking over the Pacific
► May 1942 - U.S. and Australia stopped Japan fromMay 1942 - U.S. and Australia stopped Japan from
invadinginvading
► Japan won the actual battle, but the allies were able toJapan won the actual battle, but the allies were able to
stop Japan invasion for the first timestop Japan invasion for the first time
► U.S. was beginning to use the Island Hopping techniqueU.S. was beginning to use the Island Hopping technique
to weaken Japanto weaken Japan’s forces’s forces

81. Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway
► June 1942June 1942
► Admiral Chester Nimitz intercepted JapaneseAdmiral Chester Nimitz intercepted Japanese
codecode
► U.S. launched surprise attack on Japan at PacificU.S. launched surprise attack on Japan at Pacific
island called Midwayisland called Midway
► U.S. was successful in the Battle of MidwayU.S. was successful in the Battle of Midway

82. Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway
►The Japanese lost 4 carriers, a heavyThe Japanese lost 4 carriers, a heavy
cruiser, 3 destroyers, some 275 planes, atcruiser, 3 destroyers, some 275 planes, at
least 4,800 men, and suffered heavyleast 4,800 men, and suffered heavy
damage among the remaining vessels ofdamage among the remaining vessels of
their fleet.their fleet.
►American losses included 1 carrier, theAmerican losses included 1 carrier, the
YorktownYorktown, a destroyer, about 150 planes,, a destroyer, about 150 planes,
and 307 menand 307 men

86. Iwo JimaIwo Jima
►Island in the Pacific that was critical forIsland in the Pacific that was critical for
U.S. winU.S. win
►March 1945March 1945
►27,000 Japanese held Iwo Jima27,000 Japanese held Iwo Jima
►U.S. wonU.S. won
 26,800 Japanese troops died26,800 Japanese troops died
 6,000 U.S. Marines died6,000 U.S. Marines died

89. Island Hopping CampaignIsland Hopping Campaign
► US made its way from island to island to stop theUS made its way from island to island to stop the
Japanese controlJapanese control
► Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle led several raidsLieutenant Colonel James Doolittle led several raids
on Tokyo (known as Doolittle Raids)on Tokyo (known as Doolittle Raids)

90. Battle of OkinawaBattle of Okinawa
► June 22, 1945June 22, 1945
► JapanJapan’s last defensive stronghold’s last defensive stronghold
► Japan used 1,900 Kamikaze attacksJapan used 1,900 Kamikaze attacks
► 110,000 Japanese troops died110,000 Japanese troops died
► 7,600 - 12,500 U.S U.S. troops died7,600 - 12,500 U.S U.S. troops died
► U.S. wonU.S. won

92. Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project
► 200,000 Japanese died due to the Atomic bombs200,000 Japanese died due to the Atomic bombs
dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasakidropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
► HiroshimaHiroshima
 August 6, 1945August 6, 1945
 ““Little Boy”Little Boy”
 In 43 seconds, the city collapsed to dustIn 43 seconds, the city collapsed to dust
► NagasakiNagasaki
 August 9, 1945August 9, 1945
 ““Fat Man”Fat Man”
 Leveled half of the cityLeveled half of the city

93. 1953, Las Vegas – A mom and her son watch the1953, Las Vegas – A mom and her son watch the
mushroom cloud after an atomic bomb test 75 milesmushroom cloud after an atomic bomb test 75 miles
away.away.

96. A-BombA-Bomb
► On August 6, 1945 USOn August 6, 1945 US
dropped the first A-bombdropped the first A-bomb
on Hiroshimaon Hiroshima
► Japan still does notJapan still does not
surrendersurrender
► On August 9On August 9thth
, 1945 US, 1945 US
dropped the second A-dropped the second A-
bomb on Nagasakibomb on Nagasaki
► On August 14, 1945On August 14, 1945
Japan surrendersJapan surrenders
unconditionally; VJ Dayunconditionally; VJ Day

97. Devastation Innocents

98. NagasakiNagasaki

99. V-J DayV-J Day
►August 15, 1945: Japan offers unconditionalAugust 15, 1945: Japan offers unconditional
surrendersurrender
►September 2, 1945: V-J Day = Victory inSeptember 2, 1945: V-J Day = Victory in
Japan Day (Formal surrender)Japan Day (Formal surrender)

101. U.S. Occupation of JapanU.S. Occupation of Japan
►Similar trials held for Japanese warSimilar trials held for Japanese war
criminalscriminals
►7 out of 28 leaders were found guilty and7 out of 28 leaders were found guilty and
sentenced to death (including Tojo)sentenced to death (including Tojo)
►U.S. occupied Japan for 6 years under theU.S. occupied Japan for 6 years under the
direction of General Douglas MacArthurdirection of General Douglas MacArthur
 Called for a New Constitution (w/ free electionsCalled for a New Constitution (w/ free elections
and women suffrage)and women suffrage)

102. The aftermath?!The aftermath?!

103. Effects of the WarEffects of the War
►New World MapNew World Map
►HolocaustHolocaust
►Nuremberg TrialsNuremberg Trials
►Japanese War CriminalsJapanese War Criminals
►Unbelievable death &Unbelievable death &
destructiondestruction

104. Country Number Killed (military)
USSR 13,600,000 (14 mil civilians)
Germany 3,300,000 (2.35 mil
civilians)
Japan 1,740,429 (393,400 civilians)
British Empire 357,116 (60,000 civilians)
France 122,000 (470,000 civilians)
Italy 279,800 (60,000 civilians)
United States 405,400 (No civilian)
TOTAL 21,268,992 (40 mil w/ civilian)

105. Let the BABY BOOM begin!!!Let the BABY BOOM begin!!!

106. Social Issue post WWIISocial Issue post WWII

107. Section 4: The Struggle for Justice atSection 4: The Struggle for Justice at
HomeHome
► Unfortunately, everything wasn’t hunky-dory!Unfortunately, everything wasn’t hunky-dory!
► Discrimination: African AmericansDiscrimination: African Americans
 Unemployment – 1/5 potential workers, notUnemployment – 1/5 potential workers, not
working.working.
► Gov’t agencies honored employers “white only” requests.Gov’t agencies honored employers “white only” requests.
 1940’s, two million Blk Amer. moved to the North.1940’s, two million Blk Amer. moved to the North.
► Found new opportunities but hard to find good housing.Found new opportunities but hard to find good housing.
► Riots broke out in cities, some even lead to death.Riots broke out in cities, some even lead to death.
 Segregation in military and at home.Segregation in military and at home.
 ““Double VDouble V”” campaigncampaign
► Launched by African American newspaper, “TheLaunched by African American newspaper, “The
Pittsburgh Courier.”Pittsburgh Courier.”
► The first V was for Allied Victory, and the second forThe first V was for Allied Victory, and the second for
winning an equality victory at home.winning an equality victory at home.
 Founding Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)Founding Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
► Using nonviolent techniques to end racism, sit-ins.Using nonviolent techniques to end racism, sit-ins.

108. Mexican AmericansMexican Americans
► By 1944, about 17,000 jobs in defenseBy 1944, about 17,000 jobs in defense
industries were held by Mexicanindustries were held by Mexican
Americans.Americans.
► The Bracero Program (US needs ag.The Bracero Program (US needs ag.
Help!)Help!)
 A 1942 agreement b/t US and MexicoA 1942 agreement b/t US and Mexico
provided for transportation, food,provided for transportation, food,
shelter, etc for thousands of bracerosshelter, etc for thousands of braceros
(workers).(workers).
► 1942-1947, 200,000 braceros worked on1942-1947, 200,000 braceros worked on
American farms.American farms.
► High Latin Population of Los Angeles andHigh Latin Population of Los Angeles and
southern Cali.southern Cali.
► Zoot Suit Riots – 1940’sZoot Suit Riots – 1940’s
 Long draped jacket, baggy pants withLong draped jacket, baggy pants with
tight cuffs, & slicked back hair worn bytight cuffs, & slicked back hair worn by

109. Quick checkQuick check

110. What we’ve learned so far:What we’ve learned so far:
SSUSH19SSUSH19 The student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of WorldThe student will identify the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World
War II, especially the growth of the federal government.War II, especially the growth of the federal government.
►Element:Element: SSUSH19.aSSUSH19.a
►Explain A. Philip Randolph's proposed march on Washington, D.C. and President Franklin D.Explain A. Philip Randolph's proposed march on Washington, D.C. and President Franklin D.
Roosevelt's response.Roosevelt's response.
►Element:Element: SSUSH19.bSSUSH19.b
►Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese-Americans.Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of Japanese-Americans.
►Element:Element: SSUSH19.cSSUSH19.c
►Explain major events including the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall ofExplain major events including the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the fall of
Berlin.Berlin.
►Element:Element: SSUSH19.dSSUSH19.d
►Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war-time conversion, and the role of women in warDescribe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war-time conversion, and the role of women in war
industries.industries.
►Element:Element: SSUSH19.eSSUSH19.e
►Describe Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of developing the atomicDescribe Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of developing the atomic
bomb.bomb.
►Element:Element: SSUSH19.fSSUSH19.f
►Compare the geographic locations of the European theater and the Pacific theater and the difficultiesCompare the geographic locations of the European theater and the Pacific theater and the difficulties
the U.S. faced in delivering weapons, food, and medical supplies to troops.the U.S. faced in delivering weapons, food, and medical supplies to troops.

111. What else we have to learnWhat else we have to learn
before the ATA and PA:before the ATA and PA:
► SSUSH20SSUSH20 The student will analyze the domestic and international impact of the ColdThe student will analyze the domestic and international impact of the Cold
War on the United States.War on the United States.
► Element:Element: SSUSH20.aSSUSH20.a
► Describe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the TrumanDescribe the creation of the Marshall Plan, U.S. commitment to Europe, the Truman
Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the containment policy.Doctrine, and the origins and implications of the containment policy.
► Element:Element: SSUSH20.bSSUSH20.b
► Explain the impact of the new communist regime in China, the outbreak of the KoreanExplain the impact of the new communist regime in China, the outbreak of the Korean
War, & how these events contributed to the rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy.War, & how these events contributed to the rise of Senator Joseph McCarthy.
► SSUSH21SSUSH21 The student will explain economic growth and its impact on the UnitedThe student will explain economic growth and its impact on the United
States 1945-1970.States 1945-1970.
► Element:Element: SSUSH21.aSSUSH21.a
► Describe the baby boom and the impact as shown by Levittown and the InterstateDescribe the baby boom and the impact as shown by Levittown and the Interstate
Highway Act.Highway Act.
► Element:Element: SSUSH21.dSSUSH21.d
► Describe the impact of competition with the USSR as evidenced by the launch of SputnikDescribe the impact of competition with the USSR as evidenced by the launch of Sputnik
I and President Eisenhower's actions.I and President Eisenhower's actions.