This covers all of how America got into World War One through how we helped end the war in Europe. It also at the end discusses the treaty of Versailles.
This covers all of how America got into World War One through how we helped end the war in Europe. It also at the end discusses the treaty of Versailles.
I. Introduction | II. Prelude to War | III. War Spreads through Europe | IV. America Enters the War | V. On the Homefront | VI. Before the Armistice |
VII. The War and the Influenza Pandemic | VIII. The Fourteen Points and the League of Nations | IX. Aftermath of World War I | X. Conclusion |
XI. Primary Sources | XII. Reference Material
21. World War I & Its Aftermath
Striking steel mill workers holding bulletins in Chicago, Illinois, September 22, 1919. ExplorePAhistory.com
*The American Yawp is an evolving, collaborative text. Please click here to improve this chapter.*
I. Introduction
World War I (“The Great War”) toppled empires, created new nations, and sparked tensions that would explode across future years. On the battle-
field, gruesome modern weaponry wrecked an entire generation of young men. The United States entered the conflict in 1917 and was never again
the same. The war heralded to the world the United States’ potential as a global military power, and, domestically, it advanced but then beat back
American progressivism by unleashing vicious waves of repression. The war simultaneously stoked national pride and fueled disenchantments that
burst Progressive Era hopes for the modern world. And it laid the groundwork for a global depression, a second world war, and an entire history of
national, religious, and cultural conflict around the globe.
II. Prelude to War
As the German empire rose in power and influence at the end of the nineteenth century, skilled diplomats maneuvered this disruption of tradition-
al powers and influences into several decades of European peace. In Germany, however, a new ambitious monarch would overshadow years of tact-
ful diplomacy. Wilhelm II rose to the German throne in 1888. He admired the British Empire of his grandmother, Queen Victoria, and envied the
Royal Navy of Great Britain so much that he attempted to build a rival German navy and plant colonies around the globe. The British viewed the
prospect of a German navy as a strategic threat, but, jealous of what he perceived as a lack of prestige in the world, Wilhelm II pressed Germany’s
case for access to colonies and symbols of status suitable for a world power. Wilhelm’s maneuvers and Germany’s rise spawned a new system of al-
liances as rival nations warily watched Germany’s expansion.
In 1892, German posturing worried the leaders of Russia and France and prompted a defensive alliance to counter the existing triple threat be-
tween Germany, Austro-Hungary, and Italy. Britain’s Queen Victoria remained unassociated with the alliances until a series of diplomatic crises
and an emerging German naval threat led to British agreements with Tsar Nicholas II and French President Émile Loubet in the early twentieth
century. (The alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia became known as the Triple Entente.)
The other great threat to European peace was the Ottoman Empire, in Turkey. While the leaders of the Austro-Hungarian Empire sho ...
Pili1Baudouin,Your paper starts off on the right track.docxinfantsuk
Pili1
Baudouin,
Your paper starts off on the right track but you never establish a purpose of thesis to your paper. In other words, you are merely summarizing the Civil War. This is already known information You need a specific angle to study and present.
Additionally, it seems you are using Google Translate in many places because the redaction makes little sense.
Try finding a specific purpose and redo your paper. Think what it is about the Civil War that is interesting specifically. Maybe, you could study the role of slave workers in ending the war, or the role of Southern women in running the farms while the male soldiers were away fighting. To merely summarize the events of the war is not to have a purpose.
Prof. C. Gerdes
Baudouin Pili
The Civil War in the USA
Christopher Patke
March 30, 2020
The American Civil War
The civil war that occurs in the united states was one of the most significant histories among the events that happened in the United States of America. This Civil war took place among the 34 states. Among these states, there were those states who were slaveholding, and they announced their severance from the United States after the civil war became long-simmering [It is confusing to state that the severance happened after the Civil War “became long simmering.” This implies, but not firmly that separation happened after the Civil War started. You need to clarify.] and a lot of sectional tension reaching essential level and thus framing the confederate states of America.1
As the confederates, they insisted on going away,[word choice-secede is more specific than ‘going away”] claiming that it is their right to go away, but the Union and other states refuse them to go away as they did not agree on their head. [You use the term “go away” times in the same sentence.] The fight that took place within this period of about four years claims a lot of lives as nearly 1.5 million of the victims lost their lives as most of them were murdered while some died from the sickness wounded and injuries and others who were taken as prisoners also died. [You are citing numbers that you are not giving evidence for. You lose credibility from the reader because it looks like you are making the numbers up. Actually, the number of dead, as historians estimated is somewhere in the range of 650,000-75,0000.]
The northern states, also known as the Union, were among the countries that stayed steadfast, and they did not announce any severance on America. The war had its root in the contentious issue of slavery, mainly the expansion of bondage into the western regions. Before the civil war emergence, the Southern regions were so delighted about one of the lightest tax rates on all current socialized social orders. [This makes no sense. What do you want to say?] Endeavors to raise war income through different systems for tariff demonstrated in sufficient. The Confederate Congress established a.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
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हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
2. Inflation & Food Prices
Facing rapidly increasing food
prices and wage rates, Roosevelt
submitted a bill to Congress on
September 7, 1942.
Roosevelt spoke to the American
people that evening warning that
farm prices may succumb to
drastic inflation unless the
government establishes further
price controls.
He also explained to the nation
the need for the government to
increase the federal income tax
rates.
The Office of Price
Administration established price
controls to control inflation.
Congress passed a stabilization
bill on October 2.
3. “Victory Gardeners”
The federal government,
through the Office of War
Mobilization, encouraged
citizens to participate in
the war effort. One
popular idea was the
creation of victory
gardens.
30-40% of all the produce
grown during the war
years were grown in such
gardens.
4. Stabilization of the Economy
As the war began, FDR
attempted to stabilize the
national economy by
creating an Office of
Economic Stabilization
led by an Economic
Director.
In the process, the
president assumes an
unprecedented executive
control over the American
economy.
5. Victory Loan Drive
To finance the war, the
federal government
encouraged citizens to
purchase war bonds.
By borrowing money, the
federal government financed
approximately 40% of the
cost of the war.
However, the high levels of
deficit spending also boosted
the national debt five-fold
from 1940 – 1945.
6. Aircraft Production
Ranking behind the USSR, Britain & Germany in 1939, the U.S. became the top aircraft
producer in the world by 1941. By war's end, the U.S. had produced 86,500 more
aircraft than Germany, Italy & Japan combined & tripled the combined output of
Germany & Japan.
7. Merchant Ship Production
Another insightful statistic illustrating the United States' enormous industrial output is
the gross tonnage of merchant ships built during the war. When compared with
England and Japan, the second and third largest fleets respectively, the U.S. output is
staggering.
8. Rationing
The productive capacity of the United
States during World War II surpassed all
expectations.
Americans at home were asked to
conserve materials and to accept ration
coupons or stamps that limited the
purchase of certain products such as:
Gasoline
Rubber
Sugar
Butter
Certain cloths
American responses to rationing varied
from cheerful compliance to resigned
grumbling to instances of black market
subversion and profiteering.
9. Home Front Propaganda
Having sustained losses in World War I and only now coming
out of an economic crisis, most Americans thought that energies
should be spent here at home, improving America, instead of
becoming involved in war overseas.
However, the government recognized that American
participation was necessary, and quickly stepped up pro-war
propaganda.
This was not extremely successful until after Pearl Harbor, when
the war no longer seemed comfortably distant but very close to
home.
It was also necessary to begin stepping up production and
conservation of materials for the war effort, because the Allies
only tremendous advantage was their great production power.
As the war began in earnest, America increased the flood of
propaganda, utilizing especially the radio and visual media, most
specifically posters.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15. Demonizing the Enemy
During the war, both sides attempted to demonize their adversary. In these American
posters, the Germans and Japanese are depicted in less than flattering light.
16. Women and the Homefront
Not all women were asked to join the
workforce, there was much public
resistance to the idea of working
mothers, contributed to the low rate of
women aged 25 to 34 that participated
in the labor force.
An obstacle that the 1940's housewife
ran into was the shortage of steel. In
1943 civilians were only allotted 15%
of the nation's steel production.
This caused the rationing of such items
as bottled, canned, dried, and frozen
vegetables, as well as canned fruits,
juices, and soups.
Women who lived in big cities felt this
squeeze more than ever, while women
who lived on farms and in small towns
were able to garden and preserve their
own supply of fresh produce.
17. Women in the Workforce
Before the United States entered World War II, several companies already
had contracts with the government to produce war equipment for the Allies.
At first companies did not think that there would be a labor shortage so
they did not take the idea of hiring women seriously. Eventually, women
were needed because companies were signing large, lucrative contracts with
the government just as all the men were leaving for the service.
Americans agreed that having women work in the war industries would only
be temporary.
The government decided to launch a propaganda campaign to sell the
importance of the war effort and to lure women into working.
They promoted the fictional character of “Rosie the Riveter” as the ideal
woman worker: loyal, efficient, patriotic, and pretty.
Women responded to the call to work differently depending on age, race,
class, marital status, and number of children.
Half of the women who took war jobs were minority and lower-class
women who were already in the workforce. They switched from lower-
paying traditionally female jobs to higher-paying factory jobs.
25. Double V Campaign
The Pittsburg Courier designed
this ad campaign to symbolize
the efforts of African-Americans
who were fighting for victory
against fascism abroad and
fighting racism at home.
This slogan was adopted on a
national scale to criticize the
discrimination that African-
Americans were facing in
defense-related industries.
26. Executive Order 8802
As wartime mobilization was underway in the United
States, American businesses and the federal
government continued to practice racial discrimination
in the workforce.
Pressure by civil rights leaders and their threat to
organize a march on Washington D.C. caused President
Roosevelt to issue an executive order.
In return, the organizers postponed the march which
curbed a potential political mess for FDR during a
period in which he was emphasizing American
democratic ideals in his foreign policy.
27. Detroit Race Riot (1943)
After the start of the war, employers in
Detroit turned to a ready pool of
African American labor from the South.
The muggy summer evening of June 20,
1943 saw rioting.
Exacerbating the conflict, rumors
circulated among the black population
that that "whites" had thrown a black
woman and her baby over the Belle Isle
bridge.
Enraged, many African-Americans
stormed white districts where they
looted and destroyed stores and
indiscriminately attacked anyone with
white skin.
Similarly, white mobs had been stirred
up by a rumor that a black man had
raped and murdered a white woman on
the bridge.
Eventually, 6,000 federal troops had to
be called in to quell the violence.
28. Zoot Suit Riots
A series of riots that erupted in Los
Angeles during World War II between
sailors and soldiers and Mexican
American youth gangs.
On June 3, 1943, a group of servicemen
on leave complained that they had been
assaulted by a gang of pachucos.
The headed to east LA where they
attacked all the men they found wearing
zoot suits, often ripping off the suits
and burning them in the streets.
In many instances, the police intervened
by arresting beaten-up Mexican-
American youth for disturbing the
peace.
The government finally intervened on
June 7, by declaring that Los Angeles
would henceforth be off-limits to all
military personnel.
29. Executive Order 9066
February 19, 1942: Executive Order
9066 allowed the United States
military the authority to establish
military zones from which they
could then exclude any persons they
deemed a threat to national security.
Taken to an extreme, the military
designated the entire West Coast of
the United States a military zone
and began the systematic, forced
removal of over 110,000 Japanese-
Americans from their homes and
businesses.
They were sent to relocation centers
located in the deserts of the
southwest and other parts of the
United States.
30. Internment of Japanese Americans
120,000 Americans of Japanese
heritage were sent to one of 10
internment camps—officially called
"relocation centers"—in California,
Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming,
Colorado, and Arkansas.
More than 2/3 of the Japanese
who were interned in the spring of
1942 were citizens of the United
States.
The U.S. internment camps were
overcrowded and provided poor
living conditions.
Food was rationed out at an
expense of 48 cents per internee,
and served by fellow internees in a
mess hall of 250-300 people.
31. Multimedia Citations
Slide 2: http://thesituationist.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/food-is-a-weapon.jpg
Slide 3: http://www.umkc.edu/lib/spec-col/ww2/WarNews/victorygarden.htm
Slide 4: http://www.nisk.k12.ny.us/fdr/ideas/portfolio/dorn/gifs/33031801.GIF
Slide 5: http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/exhibits/posters/pics/16171_bring_him_home_770.jpg
Slide 6: R.A.C. Parker, The Second World War: A Short History (Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 1997),
133.
Slide 7: R.A.C. Parker, The Second World War: A Short History, (Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 1997),
135.
Slide 8: http://www.cofc.edu/~speccoll/ration.gif
Slide 10: http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/dspolitic/Frame.htm
Slide 11: http://www.internationalposter.com/vintage_poster/worldwarII_poster_files/usl08329.gif
Slide 12: http://afsf.lackland.af.mil/Images/WWII/images/WWII%20Wanted_jpg.jpg
Slide 13:
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/powers_of_persuasion/stamp_em_out/images_html/images/more_production.jpg
Slide 14: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/AntiJapanesePropagandaTakeDayOff.gif
Slide 15: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c3/PropagandaNaziStabsBible.gif;
http://www.vulture-bookz.de/imagebank/Propaganda/images/1942x~This_is_the_Enemy_US_%5B2%5D.jpg;
http://www.vulture-bookz.de/imagebank/Propaganda/images/1942x~This_is_the_Enemy_US_%5B1%5D.jpg
Slide 16: http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/st/~cg3/pics/wneeded.jpg
Slide 18http://www.solpass.org/7ss/Images/Rosie-Riveter_small.jpg
Slide 19: http://libweb.uoregon.edu/speccoll/exhibits/morse/Photo/Panel4/WomenWelders.gif
Slide 20: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/at0071.2s.jpg
Slide 21: http://memory.loc.gov/service/pnp/fsac/1a35000/1a35300/1a35341v.jpg
Slide 22: http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/dspolitic/Frame.htm
Slide 23: http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/dspolitic/Frame.htm
Slide 24: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/images/dairy.jpg
Slide 25: http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/harlem_history/pe_politics.html
Slide 27: http://info.detnews.com/dn/history/riot/images/mob.gif
Slide 28: http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/alt/images/mexican7_3.jpg
Slide 29: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/japanese_internment/20-1681a.htm
Slide 30: http://www.twogypsies.com/assets/images/internment-notice.jpg