WSAME 5 Hour Cross Cultural Communication Workshop

What I Said and What I Meant:
Cross Cultural Communication
WSAME Workshop March 2010
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee

Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://sites.google.com/site/sgsprofessionaloutreach/)

Agenda
 Cross Cultural Communication
 Exercise: Yin-Yang Telephone
 Break
 Cultural Norms, Behaviors, and Communication
 Exercise: Non-Verbal Violations
 Break
 Cultural Identifiers, Power, and Communication
 Exercise: Whispers
 Break
 Cross Cultural Communication Skills
 Exercise: Left Column Communication
 Resources

Cross Cultural Communication
 What is it?
 How is it Different from Intercultural
Communication?
 CCC Theories
– Face-Negotiation Theory
– Conversational Constraints Theory
– Expectancy Violation Theory
– Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory
– Communication Accommodation Theory


Dimensions of Variability

Individual - Collectivistic
Low Context - High Context
Masculinity - Femininity
Low Uncertainty - High Uncertainty
Vertical - Horizontal


Exercise: Yin-Yang Telephone
1: Write a direct statement
2: Write indirect version
3: Write direct version
4: Write indirect version
5: Write direct version
6: Compare Statements
NOTE: When not writing your statement or translation,
please converse about your own cultural communication
style according to your learning so far.


Debrief:
Yin-Yang Telephone


Break

QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.


Factors that Influence
 Personality Orientation
 Individual Values
 Self Construal
- Independent
- Interdependent
 Individual Socialization
 Cultural Norms and Rules

Cultural Values
Norms, and Rules

 Values
 Value Priorities
 Norms of Behavior
 Non-Verbal
Communication


Exercise: Non-Verbal Violations
1: Please pick a partner.
2: Begin to converse about the most
recent movies you have seen or
books you have read.
3: You will receive a piece of paper
describing nonverbal behaviors.
4: Scan the piece of paper. Do not
share the information.
5: INCREMENTALLY dramatize the
nonverbal behavior.
6: Make note of thoughts or feelings
you experience.

Debrief: Nonverbal Violations

Cultural Value Differences (Milton and Janet Bennett), Rosetta Lee, Non-Verbal Communication Across
Cultures, Adapted from Erica Hagen and Rebecca McDaniel


Cultural Effectiveness

“To be culturally effective doesn’t
mean you are an authority in the
values and beliefs of every culture.
What it means is that you hold a
deep respect for cultural differences
and are eager to learn, and willing to
accept, that there are many ways of
viewing the world”
Okokon O. Udo

Identifiers, Power,
and Communication

Internalized Oppression/Dominance
Stereotype Threat
Accumulated Impact
Code/Mode Switching
Fish Seeing the Water
“Normal” versus “Good”
“Intent” versus “Impact”


Exercise: Whispers

Rosetta Lee, Adapted from “Double Talk,” Thiagi.com


Exercise: Whispers
Form groups of 3.
Decide who will be A, B, or C.
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor

 Person A reads “whisper script 1.” Based on
the instructions, whisper into Person B’s ear.
Persons B and C hold a 3-minute
conversation about their learning from the
workshop that they found most interesting.


Exercise: Whispers

ROUND 2

QuickTime™ and a
decompressor

 Person B reads “whisper script 2.” Based on
the instructions, whisper into Person C’s ear.
Persons C and A hold a 3-minute
conversation about their respective families.



Exercise: Whispers
ROUND 3

QuickTime™ and a
decompressor

 Person C reads “whisper script 3.” Based on
the instructions, whisper into Person A’s ear.
Persons A and B hold a 3-minute
conversation about their respective jobs and
responsibilities.



Debrief: Whispers


Break
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor


Cross Cultural Communication Skills
• Know Dimensions of
Variability
• Learn Cultural Values
and Norms
• Examine Cultural
Identities, Power, and
Privilege
• Know Your Own Place in
these Elements
• Practice Effective
Communication Models
• Be able to Adjust and
Accommodate Others
Based on Knowledge

Continuum of Cross-Cultural Fluency
and Competence
Developmental Model of Intercultural
Sensitivity (DMIS) Schematic


Effective Communication Models
Common Threads
SUPPORTIVE DEFENSIVE
Description Evaluation
Problem-Orientation Control
Spontaneity Strategy
Empathy Neutrality
Equality Superiority
Provisionalism Certainty
Brenda J. Allen, Difference Matters: Communicating Social Identity

Berlo’s Communication Model


Assumptions and Interpretations

• Mental Models
• Ladder of Inference
Belief
Conclusions
Selective Data
Observable Data
• Tools of Action


Effective Interventions

1. Reduce Defensiveness
2. Keep the Conversation Going
3. Listen, Listen, Listen… Speak
4. Set aside your “ouch” for the moment
5. Seek to connect with the other person


Checking Assumptions and
Interpretations: Steps to Analyze
1. What did you see/hear (raw data)?
2. What are your personal filters (cultural
values, norms, and identifiers)?
3. What was your interpretation of what you
saw/heard (inference)?
4. How did you feel as a result?
5. What do you want?


Exercise:
Left Hand Column Communication
1. Identify a cross-cultural conversation that went awry.

2. Examine your own cultural styles, identifiers, power,
privilege, and assumptions influenced the
conversation.

3. Reexamine with the added lens of the other person’s
cultural styles, identifiers, power, and privilege.
What might have been going on for that person?

4. What would you have done differently according to
your increased fluency in cross-cultural
communication?

Final Questions or Comments?


Resources
• “Stereotype Threat” by Joshua Aronson
• David K. Berlo, The Process of Communication (New York:
Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1960)
• Brenda J. Allen, Difference Matters: Communicating Social
Identity
• William Gudykunst, Cross-Cultural and Intercultural
Comunication
• Milton Bennett, PhD, Intercultural Communication Institute
www.intercultural.org
• National Coalition Building Institute
• “Non-Verbal Communication Across Cultures” by Erica Hagen,
Intercultural Communication Resources
• Thiagi.com
• Thrive! Team Dynamics
• Nonverbal Violations  by Stella Ting-Toomey
• http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/action_science_ history.htm

WSAME 5 Hour Cross Cultural Communication Workshop

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