This document discusses how to write a bibliography, including the purposes and common styles. It focuses on the MLA style, describing how to do in-text citations and format the Works Cited list at the end. For in-text citations in MLA, a signal phrase may name the author and parenthetical citation will include the page number. The Works Cited list gives full publication details for all cited sources, arranged alphabetically by author in a specific format for books, articles, and websites.
Here is a presentation that will provide you the important details about bibliography in an APA (American Psychological Association) style format.Thanks.
Here is a presentation that will provide you the important details about bibliography in an APA (American Psychological Association) style format.Thanks.
MLA 8th Edition Formatting and Style Guide Purdue OWL StafIlonaThornburg83
MLA 8th Edition Formatting and Style Guide
Purdue OWL Staff
Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing Lab
MLA (Modern Language
Association) Style formatting is
often used in various humanities
disciplines.
In addition to the handbook, MLA
also offers The MLA Style Center, a
website that provides additional
instruction and resources for
writing and formatting academic
papers. https://style.mla.org/
What is MLA?
MLA regulates:
• document format
• in-text citations
• works-cited list
What does MLA
regulate?
The 8th edition handbook introduces a new way to cite
sources. Instead of a long list of rules, MLA guidelines
are now based on a set of principles that may be used
to cite any type of source.
The three guiding principles:
1. Cite simple traits shared by most works.
2. Remember that there is more than one way to cite
the same source.
3. Make your documentation useful to readers.
MLA Update 2016
This presentation will cover:
• How to format a paper in MLA style (8th ed.)
• General guidelines
• First page format
• Section headings
• In-text citations
• Formatting quotations
• Documenting sources in MLA style (8th ed.)
• Core elements
• List of works cited
Overview
Basic rule for any formatting style:
Always
Follow your instructor’s
guidelines
Your Instructor Knows
Best
An MLA Style paper should:
• Be typed on white 8.5“ x 11“ paper
• Double-space everything
• Use 12 pt. Times New Roman (or similar) font
• Leave only one space after punctuation
• Set all margins to 1 inch on all sides
• Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch
Format: General
Guidelines
An MLA Style paper should:
• Have a header with page numbers located in the
upper right-hand corner
• Use italics for titles
• Place endnotes on a separate page before the list of
works cited
Format: General
Guidelines (cont.)
The first page of an MLA Style paper will:
• Have no title page
• Double space everything
• List your name, your instructor's name, the course, and date in the
upper left-hand corner
• Center the paper title (use standard caps but no underlining, italics,
quote marks, or bold typeface)
• Create a header in the upper right corner at half inch from the top
and one inch from the right of the page (list your last name and page
number here)
Formatting the 1st Page
Sample 1st Page
Section Headings are generally optional:
• Headings in an essay should usually be numbered
• Headings should be consistent in grammar and
formatting but, otherwise, are up to you
Formatting Section
Headings
OR
Numbered (all flush left with no
underlining, bold, or italics):
Example:
1. Soil Conservation
1.1 Erosion
1.2 Terracing
2. Water Conservation
3. Energy Conservation
Unnumbered (by level):
Example:
Level 1: bold, flush left
Level 2: ita ...
OCC WRITING CENTER APA REFERENCES HANDOUT 1 The Owens Comm.docxcherishwinsland
OCC WRITING CENTER APA REFERENCES HANDOUT 1
The Owens Community College Writing Center’s Quick Guide to APA Common Citations
Edited March 25, 2016
Uses APA 6
th
edition and
The Little Seagull (LS) Handbook
In-Text Citation Basics:
Your parenthetical (or in-text) citations within your paper link back to the References entries at
the end of your paper by giving enough information to tell your readers
which source from your reference list they are looking at
publication date of the source and
where in the source the information can be found.
It is usually best to reference the source in text—usually by the author’s last name, followed by
the publication date (in parentheses) and a past tense signal verb. If present in the source, also
include a page or paragraph number in parentheses at the end of the sentence. APA also
allows writers to include all of these pieces of information together in a parenthetical citation,
with a comma and a space between each piece.
Examples (In-text citation models from LS, highlights added for clarity):
Model 1: Author named in a signal phrase (using past tense):
Author Quoted
Grady (2015), a notable dinosaur expert, stated, “Dinosaurs have become popular
lately since they have been released into the wild” (p. 5).
In this example, the author’s last name is mentioned in a signal phrase, the publication date is
shown in a parenthetical citation directly following the author’s name, and the page number is
given in a parenthetical citation as close as possible to the quotation itself. Notice the location
of the period.
Author Paraphrased or Summarized
People have recently become more interested in dinosaurs due to their increased
presence, according to Grady (2015, p. 5).
In this example, the date in parentheses immediately follows the author’s last name; the page
number then follows the date. Notice the location of the period.
Model 2: Author named in parentheses:
Author Quoted
One notable dinosaur expert (Grady, 2015) has stated, “Raptors do not think of people
as Alphas, but food; they don’t make good pets” (p. 17).
Author Paraphrased or Summarized
Raptors regard humans as prey rather than predators; therefore, raptors would not be
easily domesticated (Grady, 2015, p. 17).
The first example references the author, publication date, and page number split between two
parenthetical citations around the quoted words. The second example references the author,
publication date, and page number in one parenthetical citation at the end of the paraphrase.
OCC WRITING CENTER APA REFERENCES HANDOUT 2
In-Text Citation Examples (continued):
A work with two authors:
Grant and Sattler (1993) shared the results of their archaeological digs in hopes of
bringing dinosaurs to life for everyone, not just scientists (p. 55).
-OR-
Two experts in the field (Grant & Sattler, 1993, p. 55) shared the results of their
archaeological.
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