MLA 8th Edition Formatting and Style Guide Purdue OWL Staff Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing Lab MLA (Modern Language Association) Style formatting is often used in various humanities disciplines. In addition to the handbook, MLA also offers The MLA Style Center, a website that provides additional instruction and resources for writing and formatting academic papers. https://style.mla.org/ What is MLA? MLA regulates: •  document format •  in-text citations •  works-cited list What does MLA regulate? The 8th edition handbook introduces a new way to cite sources. Instead of a long list of rules, MLA guidelines are now based on a set of principles that may be used to cite any type of source. The three guiding principles: 1.  Cite simple traits shared by most works. 2.  Remember that there is more than one way to cite the same source. 3.  Make your documentation useful to readers. MLA Update 2016 This presentation will cover: •  How to format a paper in MLA style (8th ed.) •  General guidelines •  First page format •  Section headings •  In-text citations •  Formatting quotations •  Documenting sources in MLA style (8th ed.) •  Core elements •  List of works cited Overview Basic rule for any formatting style: Always Follow your instructor’s guidelines Your Instructor Knows Best An MLA Style paper should: •  Be typed on white 8.5“ x 11“ paper •  Double-space everything •  Use 12 pt. Times New Roman (or similar) font •  Leave only one space after punctuation •  Set all margins to 1 inch on all sides •  Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch Format: General Guidelines An MLA Style paper should: •  Have a header with page numbers located in the upper right-hand corner •  Use italics for titles •  Place endnotes on a separate page before the list of works cited Format: General Guidelines (cont.) The first page of an MLA Style paper will: •  Have no title page •  Double space everything •  List your name, your instructor's name, the course, and date in the upper left-hand corner •  Center the paper title (use standard caps but no underlining, italics, quote marks, or bold typeface) •  Create a header in the upper right corner at half inch from the top and one inch from the right of the page (list your last name and page number here) Formatting the 1st Page Sample 1st Page Section Headings are generally optional: •  Headings in an essay should usually be numbered •  Headings should be consistent in grammar and formatting but, otherwise, are up to you Formatting Section Headings OR Numbered (all flush left with no underlining, bold, or italics): Example: 1. Soil Conservation 1.1 Erosion 1.2 Terracing 2. Water Conservation 3. Energy Conservation Unnumbered (by level): Example: Level 1: bold, flush left Level 2: ita ...

1. MLA 8th Edition Formatting and Style Guide
Purdue OWL Staff
Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing
Lab
MLA (Modern Language
Association) Style formatting is
often used in various humanities
disciplines.
In addition to the handbook, MLA
also offers The MLA Style Center, a
website that provides additional
instruction and resources for
writing and formatting academic
papers. https://style.mla.org/
What is MLA?
MLA regulates:
• document format
• in-text citations
• works-cited list

2. What does MLA
regulate?
The 8th edition handbook introduces a new way to cite
sources. Instead of a long list of rules, MLA guidelines
are now based on a set of principles that may be used
to cite any type of source.
The three guiding principles:
1. Cite simple traits shared by most works.
2. Remember that there is more than one way to cite
the same source.
3. Make your documentation useful to readers.
MLA Update 2016
This presentation will cover:
• How to format a paper in MLA style (8th ed.)
• General guidelines
• First page format
• Section headings
• In-text citations
• Formatting quotations

3. • Documenting sources in MLA style (8th ed.)
• Core elements
• List of works cited
Overview
Basic rule for any formatting style:
Always
Follow your instructor’s
guidelines
Your Instructor Knows
Best
An MLA Style paper should:
• Be typed on white 8.5“ x 11“ paper
• Double-space everything
• Use 12 pt. Times New Roman (or similar) font
• Leave only one space after punctuation
• Set all margins to 1 inch on all sides
• Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch
Format: General
Guidelines

4. An MLA Style paper should:
• Have a header with page numbers located in the
upper right-hand corner
• Use italics for titles
• Place endnotes on a separate page before the list of
works cited
Format: General
Guidelines (cont.)
The first page of an MLA Style paper will:
• Have no title page
• Double space everything
• List your name, your instructor's name, the course, and date
in the
upper left-hand corner
• Center the paper title (use standard caps but no underlining,
italics,
quote marks, or bold typeface)
• Create a header in the upper right corner at half inch from the
top
and one inch from the right of the page (list your last name and
page

5. number here)
Formatting the 1st Page
Sample 1st Page
Section Headings are generally optional:
• Headings in an essay should usually be numbered
• Headings should be consistent in grammar and
formatting but, otherwise, are up to you
Formatting Section
Headings
OR
Numbered (all flush left with no
underlining, bold, or italics):
Example:
1. Soil Conservation
1.1 Erosion

6. 1.2 Terracing
2. Water Conservation
3. Energy Conservation
Unnumbered (by level):
Example:
Level 1: bold, flush left
Level 2: italics, flush left
Level 3: centered, bold
Level 4: centered, italics
Level 5: underlined, flush left
Sample Section
Headings
An in-text citation is a brief reference in your text that
indicates the source you consulted.
• It should direct readers to the entry in your works-cited list
for
that source.
• It should be unobtrusive: provide the citation information

7. without interrupting your own text.
• In general, the in-text citation will be the author’s last name
(or abbreviated title) with a page number, enclosed in
parentheses.
In-Text Citations: the
Basics
In-text Example:
Corresponding Works Cited Entry:
Author-Page Style
Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. Oxford UP, 1967.
Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a
“spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263). Romantic
poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of
powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth
extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative
process (263).
Print Source with

8. Author
For the following print source
Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life,
Literature,
and Method. U of California P, 1966.
If the essay provides a signal word or phrase—usually the
author’s last name—the citation does not need to also include
that information.
Examples:
Humans have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-
using
animals” (3).
Humans have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke
3).
How to cite a work with no known author:
We see so many global warming hotspots in North
America likely because this region has “more readily
accessible climatic data and more comprehensive
programs to monitor and study environmental

9. change…” (“Impact of Global Warming” 6).
With Unknown Author
Corresponding Entry in the List of Works Cited:
“The Impact of Global Warming in North America.” Global
Warming: Early Signs. 1999. Accessed 23 Mar. 2009.
With Unknown Author
Works with Multiple Editions
In-text example:
Marx and Engels described human history as marked by class
struggles
(79; ch. 1).
Authors with Same Last Names
In-text example:
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to
designer
children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for
medical

10. research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).
Other In-Text Citations 1
Work by Multiple Authors
In-text Examples:
Smith et al. argues that tougher gun control is not needed in the
United
States (76).
The authors state: “Tighter gun control in the United States
erodes
Second Amendment rights” (Smith et al. 76).
A 2016 study suggests that stricter gun control in the United
States will
significantly prevent accidental shootings (Strong and Ellis 23).
Other In-Text Citations 2
Multiple Works by the Same Author
In-text examples:
Lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for
small
children (“Too Soon” 38), though he has acknowledged
elsewhere that
early exposure to computer games does lead to better small

11. motor skill
development in a child's second and third year (“Hand-Eye
Development” 17).
Visual studies, because it is such a new discipline, may be “too
easy” (Elkins, “Visual Studies” 63).
Other In-Text Citations 3
Citing Multivolume Works
In-text example:
… as Quintilian wrote in Institutio Oratoria (1: 14-17).
Citing the Bible
In-text example:
Ezekiel saw “what seemed to be four living creatures,” each
with the
faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle (New Jerusalem
Bible, Ezek.
1:5-10).
Other In-Text Citations 4
Citing Indirect Sources
In-text example:

12. Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as “social
service
centers, and they don't do that well” (qtd. in Weisman 259).
Multiple Citations
In-text example:
Romeo and Juliet presents an opposition between two worlds:
“the
world of the everyday… and the world of romance.” Although
the two
lovers are part of the world of romance, their language of love
nevertheless becomes “fully responsive to the tang of actuality”
(Zender
138, 141).
Other In-Text Citations 5
Works in time-based media
In-text example:
Buffy’s promise that “there’s not going to be any incidents like
at my old
school” is obviously not one on which she can follow through
(“Buffy”
00:03:16-17).
Works-cited entry:

13. “Hush.” Buffy the Vampire Slayer, created by Joss Whedon,
performance
by Sarah Michelle Gellar, season 4, episode 10, Mutant Enemy,
1999.
Other In-Text Citations 6
Sources without page numbers
In-text example:
Disability activism should work toward “creating a habitable
space for
all beings” (Garland-Thomson).
Corresponding works-cited entry:
Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie. “Habitable Worlds.” Critical
Disability
Studies Symposium. Feb. 2016, Purdue University, Indiana.
Address.
Other In-Text Citations 7
Formatting Short
Quotations (in Prose)

14. Short prose quotations
In-text example:
According to some, dreams express “profound aspects of
personality” (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express “profound
aspects of
personality” (184).
Is it possible that dreams may express “profound aspects of
personality” (Foulkes 184)?
Quoting four or more lines of prose
In-text example:
Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him
throughout her
narration:
They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in
their room, and
I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs,
hoping it would
be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing
his voice, it
crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting
his chamber.

15. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to
confess, and in
recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of
the house.
(Bronte 78)
Formatting Long
Quotations (in Prose)
Formatting Short
Quotations in Poetry
Quoting 1-3 lines of poetry
Examples:
Properzia Rossi tells the statue that it will be a container for her
feelings:
“The bright work grows / Beneath my hand, unfolding, as a
rose” (lines
31-32).
In “The Thorn,” Wordsworth’s narrator locates feelings of
horror in the
landscape: “The little babe was buried there, / Beneath that hill
of moss
so fair. // I’ve heard the scarlet moss is red” (stanzas xx-xxi).

16. Formatting Long
Quotations in Poetry
• Use block quotations for four or more lines of
poetry.
• If the poem is formatted in an unusual way,
reproduce the unique formatting as accurately as
possible.
Adding/Omitting
Words
In-text example for Adding Words:
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states:
“some
individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning
every
rumor or tale” (78).
In-text example for Omitting Words:
In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that
“some
individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale .

17. . . and
in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs” (78).
Works Cited: The Basics
Each entry in the list of works
cited is made up of core
elements given in a specific
order.
The core elements should be
listed in the order in which they
appear here. Each element is
followed by the punctuation
mark shown here.

18. Author.
Begin the entry with the author’s last name, followed by a
comma and
the rest of the name, as presented in the work. End this element
with a
period.
Examples:
Baron, Naomi S. “Redefining Reading: The Impact of Digital
Communication Media.” PMLA, vol. 128, no. 1, Jan. 2013,
pp.
193-200.
Jacobs, Alan. The Pleasures of Reading in an Age of
Distraction. Oxford
UP, 2011.
Works-cited List:
Author
Title of source.
Books and websites should be in italics:
Hollmichel, Stefanie. So Many Books. 2003-13,
somanybooksblog.com.

19. Linett, Maren Tova. Modernism, Feminism, and Jewishness.
Cambridge UP,
2007.
Periodicals (journal, magazine, newspaper article), televis ion
episodes, and songs
should be in quotation marks:
Beyoncé. “Pretty Hurts.” Beyoncé, Parkwood Entertainment,
2013,
www.beyonce .com/album/beyonce/?media_view=songs.
Goldman, Anne. “Questions of Transport: Reading Primo Levi
Reading
Dante.” The Georgia Review, vol. 64, no. 1, 2010, pp. 69-88.
Works-cited List: Title of
Source
Title of container,
Examples:
Bazin, Patrick. “Toward Metareading.” The Future of the Book,
edited by
Geoffrey Nunberg, U of California P, 1996, pp. 153-68.
Hollmichel, Stefanie. “The Reading Brain: Differences between
Digital

20. and Print.” So Many Books, 25 Apr. 2013,
somanybooksblog.com/
2013/04/25/the-reading-brain-differences-between-digital-and-
print/.
“Under the Gun.” Pretty Little Liars, season 4, episode 6, ABC
Family,
16 July 2013. Hulu, hulu.com/watch/511318.
Works-cited List: Title of
Container
Other contributors,
Examples:
Chartier, Roger. The Order of Books: Readers, Authors, and
Libraries in
Europe between the Fourteenth and Eighteenth Centuries.
Translated by Lydia G. Cochrane, Stanford UP, 1994.
“Hush.” Buffy the Vampire Slayer, created by Joss Whedon,
performance by Sarah Michelle Gellar, season 4, episode 10,
Mutant Enemy, 1999.
Woolf, Virginia. Jacob’s Room. Annotated and with an

21. introduction by
Vara Neverow, Harcourt, Inc., 2008.
Works-cited List: Other
Contributors
Version,
If a source is listed as an edition or version of a work, include it
in your
citation.
The Bible. Authorized King James Version, Oxford UP, 1998.
Newcomb, Horace, editor. Television: The Critical View. 7th
ed., Oxford
UP, 2007.
Scott, Ridley, director. Blade Runner. 1982. Performance by
Harrison
Ford, director’s cut, Warner Bros., 1992.
Works-cited List:
Version
Number,

22. If a source is part of a numbered sequence, such as a multi -
volume
book, or journal with both volume and issue numbers, those
numbers
must be listed in your citation.
Baron, Naomi S. “Redefining Reading: The Impact of Digital
Communication Media.” PMLA, vol. 128, no. 1, Jan. 2013, pp.
193-200.
“Hush.” Buffy the Vampire Slayer, created by Joss Whedon,
performance
by Sarah Michelle Gellar, season 4, episode 10, Mutant Enemy,
1999.
Wellek, René. A History of Modern Criticism, 1750-1950. Vol.
5, Yale
UP, 1986.
Works-cited List:
Number
Publisher,
The publisher produces or distributes the source to the public. If
there is
more than one publisher, and they are all are relevant to your

23. research,
list them in your citation, separated by a forward slash (/).
Examples:
Harris, Charles “Teenie.” Woman in a Paisley Shirt behind
Counter in
Record Store. Teenie Harris Archive, Carnegie Museum of Art,
Pittsburgh, teenie.cmoa.org/interactive/index.html#date08.
Jacobs, Alan. The Pleasures of Reading in an Age of
Distraction. Oxford
UP, 2011.
Kuzui, Fran Rubel, director. Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
Twentieth Century
Fox, 1992.
Works-cited List:
Publisher
Publication date,
The same source may have been published on more than one
date, such
as an online version of an original source. When the source has
more
than one date, use the date that is most relevant to your use of

24. it.
Belton, John. “Painting by the Numbers: The Digital
Intermediate.” Film
Quarterly, vol. 61, no. 3, Spring 2008, pp. 58-65.
“Hush.” Buffy the Vampire Slayer, created by Joss Whedon,
performance
by Sarah Michelle Gellar, season 4, Mutant Enemy, 1999.
Works-cited List:
Publication Date
Location,
Be as specific as possible in identifying a work’s location.
Examples:
Adiche, Chimamanda Ngozi. “On Monday of Last Week.” The
Thing
around Your Neck, Alfred A. Knopf, 2009, pp. 74-94.
Deresiewicz, William. “The Death of the Artist—and the Birth
of the
Creative Entrepreneur.” The Atlantic, 28 Dec. 2014,
www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/01/the-death-

25. of-the-
artist-and-the-birth-of-the-creative-entrepreneur/383497/.
Bearden, Romare. The Train. 1975, Museum of Modern Art,
New York.
Works-cited List:
Location
Optional elements:
• Date of original publication:
Franklin, Benjamin. “Emigration to America.” 1782. The Faber
Book of America, edited by Christopher Ricks and William
L. Vance, Faber and Faber, 1992, pp. 24-26.
• City of publication:
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Conversations of Goethe with
Eckermann and Soret. Translated by John Oxenford, new
ed., London, 1875.
Works-cited List:

26. Optional Elements
Optional elements:
• URLs
• DOIs (digital object identifier)
Chan, Evans. “Postmodernism and Hong Kong Cinema.”
Postmodern Culture, vol. 10, no. 3, May 2000. Project
Muse, doi: 10.1353/pmc.2000.0021.
• Date of access
“Under the Gun.” Pretty Little Liars, season 4, episode 6, ABC
Family, 16 July 2013. Hulu, www.hulu.com/watch/511318.
Accessed 23 July 2013.
Works-cited List:
Optional Elements
• The Little Seagull Handbook, Third Edition
• Lab Requirements for ENC 1101
• Seminole State College Academic Success
Center: (407) 708-2102

27. • Purdue OWL: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/
Where to Go to Get
More Help
The End
MLA 8th Edition Formatting Style Guide
Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing
Lab
Bone 1
Nixon Bone
Dr. Speller
English 2
04 April 2021
What Will Be the Change?
Change is a constant factor in our lives that we have to accept
to deal with it whenever it comes. Change begins from the
moment one is born, and he/she matures to become an adult. We
meet people at different stages of life and leave others as we
progress. Change is also evident in other aspects of life,
especially ones that we cannot control. The COVID-19
pandemic is an example of an external factor that has forced
most people to change their social lives. However, not
everything can be changed. Factors like character and behavior
are difficult to change, and people find it hard to accept
changing who they are. The story St. Lucy home for girls raised
by wolfs shows that change is a personal decision, and society

28. cannot force one to change despite having support from
environmental factors.
Change is uncomfortable, and most people do not accept it, but
it is inevitable, and it is going to happen several times in our
lives. Russel introduces us to the lives of three young immigrant
girls who take refuge in a nunnery. They did not expect the
sudden change in their lives, but it has come, and they have to
accept it. They lived their lives with their families before being
brought to America, and they did not expect change. However,
their parents had different ideas about their lives and made the
girls go to a foreign land. They have to play the hand they have
been dealt with by adapting to the new environment that they
may call home for the rest of their lives. Therefore, Russel
shows that some change occurs whether we like it or not, and
we have to deal with it.
It is essential to accept the concept that change can happen at
any time. Some people want to change different aspects of their
lives, like who they are related to or their friends. However,
making such a change is difficult, and most people have to
accept who they are to continue with life. The lives of the girls
show a similar trend as they would like to change who they are,
but they are in a new country and have to accept the facts before
them. The primary character in the story states that “We didn’t
know at the time that our parents were sending us away for
good. Neither did they say.” (Russell 227). The girls find
themselves in a predicament because they have to accept their
parents made this life-changing decision, and they are supposed
to accept it.
Some changes come as a necessity in our lives, and most people
are open to such change. Life presents people with various
situations that demand appropriate reactions from those
involved. In this story, the author presents three girls from
foreign countries who have to adapt to the new country. They
come from different cultures that have different expectations of
them. In America, they meet people who expect them to be
civilized and capable of joining the new society and fit in. “The

29. nuns, they said, would make us naturalize citizens of human
society” (Russell 227). Most immigrants go to America with the
expectation that they will have better opportunities to improve
their lives and that of their relatives. However, they forget that
the English language is not common to them and the culture is
different. Most people realize this and become depressed. “The
whole pack was irritated bewildered, depressed” (Russell 229).
The girls realize that they have to study the ways of the modern
people crowding them so they can feel some sense of belonging
in the new community to be able to speak with them and create
careers to help themselves and their families.
Change is difficult and takes time, especially when the change
is big. Major changes in our lives require time to adapt and
accept the new way of life. It also demands that individuals
invest in the new concept to become successful. Russell shows
this through the story of the immigrant girls. Their realization
that they have to undergo significant change before they become
civilized makes them irritable and bewildered that they had to
change who they were. It also came with depression because
understanding the reasons for the change became increasingly
difficult for them. They were forced to get new names, learn a
new culture, and adjust their behavior to that of a new culture.
It took them time, and it was difficult for them to complete the
whole process. The outcomes of their investment are evident
when they learn the ways of the new culture and how to conduct
themselves when they are with the new culture. Therefore, the
inevitable change that everyone is supposed to adapt to requires
individuals to invest a lot before they become successful.
Some aspects of life cannot be changed despite the inevitability
of changes in society. People can change various aspects of
their lives when they decide. The decision is usually difficult
and can a lot of controversies when others do not agree with the
change. However, we must remember that some factors like
nature cannot be changed and forcing such change can have
consequences. The girls learn that they have to support each
other to become successful in adopting the new culture and

30. language. Therefore, they support each other in the initial stages
and manage to achieve significant success. However, the natural
instinct of competition gets in their way, and they begin looking
out for their individual interests rather than that of the pack.
The competitiveness of the girls leads to hatred among them
because they see betrayal in those who get ahead. “The pack
hated Jeanette, but we hated Mirabella more.” (Russell 233).
They move from the pack and focus on their individual
interests.
Competitiveness is human nature, and one cannot change this
fact due to the different characters and perceptions of people.
Human nature has been subject to change for thousands of
years. Humans have had to compete for survival with animals
and have evolved into competing against themselves. The
competition is natural because most people want to get ahead.
The competition creates discomfort and can make some people
feel alienated. This is evident for people who choose to go for
success. Such decisions make them feel alienated because no
one strives to achieve the same goals as them. It also causes
discomfort among their friends because they feel left out or
behind. In some cases, individuals can experience stress
because of the alienation and loneliness from the adopted
change.
Russell manages to show this by showing the various stages that
the girls have achieved in their stay with the nuns. The fourth
stage reveals their differences, which were not that evident at
the beginning of the story. Jeanette is the most ambitious and
puts a lot of effort into getting out of the nunnery. On the other
hand, Mirabella is the youngest and most stubborn. The
differences between the pack members cause some
disagreements because Jeanette is hated for her ambition while
Mirabella makes the others hate her for her stubbornness.
Eventually, we see the narrator and Jeanette pity Mirabella
because they do not think that she will manage to survive the
new world. “Whatever will become of Mirabella?” (Russell
233). Therefore, competition is a factor that human beings

31. cannot change, and it comes with consequences for everyone
involved.
Forcing change among individuals has several repercussions due
to the resistance it is bound to experience. Accepting change is
a difficult process and a decision that most people do not
accept. History shows several cases of resistance to change and
their impacts on people. One of the forced changes includes the
forceful teaching of Africans to accept Christianity for their
beliefs. The missionaries used several methods to force Africans
to accept the religion. They offered special favors to Africans
who accepted the new faith. Some of the favors included
positions in government and church, teaching them to read and
write, and even sponsoring conflict between communities. The
outcomes of the forced religion were the division between
Africans as those who accepted Christianity formed groups
against those who maintained their traditional beliefs. A similar
trend is evidenced in the story through the role of nuns and
ladies who sought asylum. The nuns insisted that the ladies had
to learn the American culture and language to manage to
navigate the new environment successfully. They made it into a
competition in which those with the highest points are perceived
to be the ones with the capability to achieve success. This
creates rivalry in the pack, as Jeanette becomes the most
aggressive while Mirabella refuses to conform to the
requirements. The rivalry also causes conflict between them, a
factor that they had never thought would happen.
Some factors and people cannot change despite needing the
change. The change that some factors of life demand are not
acceptable by everyone. Some people believe that change is not
that necessary and will refuse to change. Mirabella is the most
stubborn in the pack, and she worries the other girls. They fear
that she will fail to adopt the new society. “We’d heard rumor s
about former wolf-girls who never adapted to their new culture”
(Russell 233). Refusing change could cause challenges for her
in the new culture because she would be different.
Change is an inevitable factor in life, and we are mandated to

32. accept it at all times. The inevitability of change requires that
we make compromises to facilitate the new norms. Change can
take time and present difficulties that we have to accept as part
of our lives. Russell presents a story of immigrant girls who
have to change their lifestyle to align with the new culture. The
initial stages of change are always difficult for those
undergoing change, and this is evident among the girls who
depend on each other to get through stages. However, change
also presents challenges like competition to survive and get
ahead. Finally, not everyone will accept change no matter how
much the change is necessary.
Work Cited
Russell, Karen. St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised by Wolves. In
St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised by Wolves. 2007, pp. 225-
246.

33. Mays, Kelly J. The Norton Introduction to Literature. Shorter
13th Edition. Russell, Karen. St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised
by Wolves. pp. 265-276.