World Kidney Day was established to raise awareness of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and encourage detection and prevention programs. CKD affects over 20 million Americans and is a major cause of death worldwide. While kidney failure requiring dialysis has increased, CKD is often preventable or treatable through control of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. World Kidney Day aims to educate the public and healthcare professionals about CKD risks and signs through collaborative events around the world each March.
World Kidney Day is celebrated annually on the second Thursday of March to raise awareness of kidney disease. Its goals are to encourage screening of at-risk populations like diabetics and hypertensives, educate about preventing chronic kidney disease through lifestyle changes and controlling its risk factors, and promote kidney health. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle including regular exercise, a healthy diet, and keeping blood pressure and blood sugar under control can help reduce the risk of kidney disease.
IndiCure pledges to support the cause of World Kidney day and educate people in all possible manners for a better kidney health and thus better life.
Visit Us: www.indicure.com
The document discusses the International Society of Nephrology's (ISN) global outreach strategy for World Kidney Day. It aims to build brand awareness, promote local action, and create business opportunities for ISN. Key goals included engaging more affiliated societies and stakeholders, increasing membership and participation, and securing new sponsors. World Kidney Day 2008 saw significant increases in participating countries, screenings conducted, and government and social media engagement over previous years. Lessons learned emphasized identifying new opportunities, building capacity, leading by example, and setting realistic goals.
Kidney health for everyone everywhere finalNilesh Jadhav
World Kidney Day is celebrated annually on the second Thursday of March to raise awareness of kidney health and reduce the impact of kidney disease worldwide. Chronic kidney disease is a growing threat as it can cause life-long health issues and premature death if not detected early. The document outlines risk factors for kidney disease, symptoms, detection methods, treatment options like dialysis and transplantation, and prevention through diet, exercise and monitoring of conditions like diabetes and hypertension. World Kidney Day aims to educate the public and governments about kidney health and advocate for better policies, programs and funding to address kidney disease.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function present for more than 3 months. CKD is staged based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from stage 1 (normal or high GFR) to stage 5 (kidney failure). Common causes of CKD in India include diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. Symptoms vary depending on stage but may include fatigue, pruritus, nausea, and electrolyte imbalances. Treatment includes controlling risk factors, nutritional management, dialysis if needed, and potentially kidney transplantation for end stage renal disease.
Product water and hemodialysis dialysis solutionRafaqat Ali
- An average hemodialysis patient is exposed to 560 liters of water through weekly treatments, more than most people use in a lifetime.
- It is important to treat water for dialysis to remove impurities and excess minerals that can be toxic to patients or damage equipment.
- Methods for purifying water include pre-treatment, primary purification using reverse osmosis or deionization, and distribution through disinfected plastic piping to avoid contamination.
- Standards help ensure water is safely purified through chemical monitoring and testing for contaminants like chloramines daily.
Chronic kidney disease is defined as kidney damage or reduced kidney function (glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73m2) lasting at least 3 months. It is a progressive condition that leads to complete kidney failure if left untreated. Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Symptoms are often nonspecific until late stages and include fatigue, pruritis, and neurological problems. Treatment focuses on slowing progression through blood pressure control and managing complications like anemia, bone disease, and fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Dialysis or kidney transplantation are required once kidney function has declined sufficiently.
This document discusses pre-diabetes, including its definition, prevalence, health risks, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options. Some key points:
- Pre-diabetes is when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. Left untreated, pre-diabetes often progresses to type 2 diabetes.
- Studies like the Diabetes Prevention Program showed that modest lifestyle changes like 5-10% weight loss and moderate physical activity can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes in those with pre-diabetes.
- In addition to lifestyle changes, pharmacologic treatments like metformin may be considered for high-risk individuals to prevent the progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes. However,
World Kidney Day is celebrated annually on the second Thursday of March to raise awareness of kidney disease. Its goals are to encourage screening of at-risk populations like diabetics and hypertensives, educate about preventing chronic kidney disease through lifestyle changes and controlling its risk factors, and promote kidney health. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle including regular exercise, a healthy diet, and keeping blood pressure and blood sugar under control can help reduce the risk of kidney disease.
IndiCure pledges to support the cause of World Kidney day and educate people in all possible manners for a better kidney health and thus better life.
Visit Us: www.indicure.com
The document discusses the International Society of Nephrology's (ISN) global outreach strategy for World Kidney Day. It aims to build brand awareness, promote local action, and create business opportunities for ISN. Key goals included engaging more affiliated societies and stakeholders, increasing membership and participation, and securing new sponsors. World Kidney Day 2008 saw significant increases in participating countries, screenings conducted, and government and social media engagement over previous years. Lessons learned emphasized identifying new opportunities, building capacity, leading by example, and setting realistic goals.
Kidney health for everyone everywhere finalNilesh Jadhav
World Kidney Day is celebrated annually on the second Thursday of March to raise awareness of kidney health and reduce the impact of kidney disease worldwide. Chronic kidney disease is a growing threat as it can cause life-long health issues and premature death if not detected early. The document outlines risk factors for kidney disease, symptoms, detection methods, treatment options like dialysis and transplantation, and prevention through diet, exercise and monitoring of conditions like diabetes and hypertension. World Kidney Day aims to educate the public and governments about kidney health and advocate for better policies, programs and funding to address kidney disease.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function present for more than 3 months. CKD is staged based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from stage 1 (normal or high GFR) to stage 5 (kidney failure). Common causes of CKD in India include diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. Symptoms vary depending on stage but may include fatigue, pruritus, nausea, and electrolyte imbalances. Treatment includes controlling risk factors, nutritional management, dialysis if needed, and potentially kidney transplantation for end stage renal disease.
Product water and hemodialysis dialysis solutionRafaqat Ali
- An average hemodialysis patient is exposed to 560 liters of water through weekly treatments, more than most people use in a lifetime.
- It is important to treat water for dialysis to remove impurities and excess minerals that can be toxic to patients or damage equipment.
- Methods for purifying water include pre-treatment, primary purification using reverse osmosis or deionization, and distribution through disinfected plastic piping to avoid contamination.
- Standards help ensure water is safely purified through chemical monitoring and testing for contaminants like chloramines daily.
Chronic kidney disease is defined as kidney damage or reduced kidney function (glomerular filtration rate below 60 mL/min/1.73m2) lasting at least 3 months. It is a progressive condition that leads to complete kidney failure if left untreated. Common causes include diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Symptoms are often nonspecific until late stages and include fatigue, pruritis, and neurological problems. Treatment focuses on slowing progression through blood pressure control and managing complications like anemia, bone disease, and fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Dialysis or kidney transplantation are required once kidney function has declined sufficiently.
This document discusses pre-diabetes, including its definition, prevalence, health risks, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options. Some key points:
- Pre-diabetes is when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. Left untreated, pre-diabetes often progresses to type 2 diabetes.
- Studies like the Diabetes Prevention Program showed that modest lifestyle changes like 5-10% weight loss and moderate physical activity can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes in those with pre-diabetes.
- In addition to lifestyle changes, pharmacologic treatments like metformin may be considered for high-risk individuals to prevent the progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes. However,
Diabetes is a disease where blood glucose levels are too high due to either not enough insulin production or cells not properly responding to insulin. There are two main types: type 1 is usually diagnosed in childhood and type 2 in adulthood. Symptoms include frequent urination, thirst, hunger and fatigue. Complications affect the eyes, heart, kidneys, nerves and risk of infection if blood sugar is not controlled through lifestyle changes like diet, exercise and medication if needed.
This document discusses dietary guidelines for kidney health. It notes that kidneys play a key role in nutrient homeostasis and that loss of kidney function disrupts this. For chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, guidelines recommend a daily protein intake of 0.6-0.8g/kg, limiting fat intake to 30% of calories, and restricting sodium and phosphorus intake. While protein restriction may slow CKD progression, large trials like MDRD found little overall benefit. A plant-based, low-protein diet that is low in phosphorus and sodium may be most suitable for CKD patients. Focusing on overall dietary patterns like the DASH diet may be more practical than individual nutrient restrictions.
The document outlines a presentation on hypertension and hypertensive disorders for allied health workers. It begins with an introduction and outline covering hypertension and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The outline discusses risk factors and diagnosis of hypertension, as well as management of hypertensive crisis. Guidelines for diagnosing and treating hypertension from sources like the 2020 Philippine CPG are also summarized.
This document discusses common and less common complications that can occur during dialysis treatment. It provides details on the causes, symptoms, and management of various complications including hypotension, cramps, nausea/vomiting, headaches, and others. Potential complications are grouped as either common (occurring in 5-60% of treatments) or less common. Treatment approaches focus on prevention through careful fluid management and addressing underlying causes of complications when they arise.
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its definition, stages, causes, complications, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and management. CKD is defined as irreversible kidney damage or reduced glomerular filtration rate lasting over 3 months. The leading causes are diabetes and hypertension. As CKD progresses, complications arise affecting multiple body systems. Treatment aims to slow progression, manage complications, and prepare for kidney replacement if needed.
My Nephrology Registrar Seminar Talk from September 2013
Topics Covered
Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy
Other Renal Disease in Diabetes
Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease + The Joint Renal Diabetic Clinic
Chronic Kidney Disease: Diagnosis and managementkkcsc
This document discusses chronic kidney disease, including its definition, epidemiology in India, risk factors and causes, diagnosis, and management. It presents a case study of a 36-year-old lady with weakness, bone pain, edema, and mild renal failure. Her history and lab results are discussed in detail. The document reviews the stages of chronic kidney disease, main categories of causes (pre-renal, renal, post-renal), and risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and smoking. Specific conditions that can lead to chronic kidney disease are also outlined such as diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, tubular disorders, and obstructive nephropathy.
Hypertension is very common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting 67-92% of patients. Control of hypertension is important for slowing the loss of kidney function and reducing the risk of further kidney damage. The document discusses several risk factors for hypertension in CKD patients including older age, African descent, overweight or obesity, and concurrent diabetes or heart disease. It also reviews guidelines for treating hypertension in CKD, which generally recommend a target blood pressure under 140/90 mmHg and use of renin-angiotensin system blocking agents along with monitoring of kidney function and potassium levels.
Hyperkalemia is a life-threatening complication in patients with renal failure. Initial management includes calcium gluconate, insulin with glucose, salbutamol, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium polystyrene sulphonate. Hemodialysis is the definitive treatment for severe hyperkalemia. Disequilibrium syndrome is a serious complication of hemodialysis that can cause neurological symptoms. Drug overdoses are commonly treated with hemodialysis or hemoperfusion for water soluble drugs, though dialysis is less effective for lipid soluble or protein-bound substances. Dialysis plays an important role in managing toxic levels of various substances.
Renal failure occurs when the kidneys can no longer remove waste and regulate fluids and electrolytes in the body. Chronic kidney disease develops gradually over months to years and initially presents no symptoms. As kidney function declines, waste builds up in the blood and the kidneys lose their ability to concentrate urine and regulate fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. Treatment focuses on managing complications through medications, diet, dialysis, and potentially a kidney transplant. The goals are to maintain kidney function and homeostasis for as long as possible.
This document discusses kidney failure treatment options including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and transplantation. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are dialysis techniques that use filters or the peritoneal membrane to remove waste and excess fluid from the blood. Kidney transplantation is usually the best long-term treatment but demand for donors exceeds supply.
Challenges in Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic Kidney Disease - Dr. GawadNephroTube - Dr.Gawad
This document discusses challenges in diagnosing and managing diabetic kidney disease. It emphasizes that renal problems in diabetic patients are not always due to diabetic nephropathy and may be caused by other conditions. A thorough evaluation is needed to determine the underlying cause, including considering patient history, type of diabetes, presence of retinopathy, characteristics of proteinuria and hematuria, rate of renal impairment, hypertension, and potential contributing factors. A renal biopsy may be warranted if the presentation is atypical or suggests an alternative diagnosis.
This document discusses hyponatremia (low sodium levels in blood). It begins by defining hyponatremia as a sodium level below 135 meq/L. It then describes the causes and symptoms of hyponatremia, which can include headache, vomiting, seizures and coma depending on severity.
The document categorizes hyponatremia based on plasma osmolality as hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic. It discusses the various types in more detail including hypovolemic, euvolemic and hypervolemic causes. Treatment depends on the specific cause but may include saline solution, fluid restriction, or vasopressin receptor antagonists. The document emphasizes correcting sodium
Based on the information provided:
- Betty should receive her usual Lantus dose as scheduled since it is a basal insulin that works continuously to control her blood sugar throughout the day and night. Missing the dose could lead to hyperglycemia.
- She should not receive any Humulin R (regular insulin) since she is NPO for surgery and regular insulin requires food to avoid hypoglycemia.
- She may receive her usual Humalog dose if her blood sugar is elevated, as Humalog is a rapid-acting insulin used to control post-meal blood sugars. However, since her current blood sugar of 130mg/dL is in a reasonable range, the Humalog dose can be held until after her surgery when she
The document discusses nutrition care for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those undergoing hemodialysis (HD). It outlines the stages of CKD based on glomerular filtration rate. The nutrition care process involves assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring. Key dietary recommendations for CKD and HD patients include restricting protein, sodium, and phosphorus while maintaining adequate energy, carbohydrates, and fat intake. Regular nutrition counseling and monitoring of nutritional status indicators are important for managing the disease and preventing complications.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% of the worldwide population. CKD progresses more slowly in women than men but women are less aware and often start dialysis late or not at all. CKD causes loss of kidney function over several years as the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste from the blood and control blood pressure. While there is no cure for CKD, treatments can help manage symptoms and slow disease progression.
Hemodialysis is a medical procedure that removes waste and excess fluid from the blood of patients with kidney failure. It uses a hemodialysis machine and an artificial kidney called a dialyzer to filter the blood outside of the body. Blood flows through the dialyzer where diffusion and ultrafiltration remove waste and regulate electrolytes, and is then returned to the patient. Hemodialysis is usually done three times a week for four hours each session through an arteriovenous fistula, graft, or catheter. Potential complications include hypotension, muscle cramps, nausea, and disequilibrium syndrome.
The document discusses factors to consider for a patient's first dialysis session for end-stage renal disease including using heparin-free anticoagulation, limiting fluid removal to 2 liters, using a bicarbonate dialysate, and having skilled medical staff present. It also provides guidelines for initial settings for a first session such as a blood flow rate of 150-200 ml/min, a dialysis time of 60-90 minutes, and a dialysate potassium level of 4-4.5 mmol/L. Precautions are recommended when initiating and terminating dialysis to ensure patient safety.
This document discusses definitions, classifications, and clinical applications of acute kidney injury (AKI) according to KDIGO guidelines from 2012. It defines AKI as an increase in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or an increase to ≥1.5 times baseline within 7 days. AKI is staged from 1 to 3 based on increases in creatinine from baseline or reductions in urine output. Proper estimation of baseline creatinine and clinical judgment are important for accurate diagnosis and staging. Pseudo-AKI and atypical cases may not meet diagnostic criteria but still represent kidney injury.
- Recorded videos of this lecture:
English Language version of this lecture is available at:
https://youtu.be/Nl2xKEmvRWk
Arabic Language version of this lecture is available at:
https://youtu.be/K14fWBNdEco
- Visit our website for more lectures: www.NephroTube.com
- Subscribe to our YouTube channel: www.youtube.com/NephroTube
- Join our facebook group: www.facebook.com/groups/NephroTube
- Like our facebook page: www.facebook.com/NephroTube
- Follow us on twitter: www.twitter.com/NephroTube
The document discusses the paradoxical relationship between obesity and mortality in patients with kidney disease undergoing dialysis. Several studies are reviewed that found higher BMI in dialysis patients was associated with lower risks of death and hospitalization, unlike the general population where obesity increases health risks. The studies accounted for various factors and found even extreme obesity was protective. Weight gain over time was also associated with reduced mortality risk. The reasons for this reverse epidemiology are unclear but proposed mechanisms include increased stores of nutrients and anti-inflammatory proteins in adipose tissue.
Diabetes is a disease where blood glucose levels are too high due to either not enough insulin production or cells not properly responding to insulin. There are two main types: type 1 is usually diagnosed in childhood and type 2 in adulthood. Symptoms include frequent urination, thirst, hunger and fatigue. Complications affect the eyes, heart, kidneys, nerves and risk of infection if blood sugar is not controlled through lifestyle changes like diet, exercise and medication if needed.
This document discusses dietary guidelines for kidney health. It notes that kidneys play a key role in nutrient homeostasis and that loss of kidney function disrupts this. For chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, guidelines recommend a daily protein intake of 0.6-0.8g/kg, limiting fat intake to 30% of calories, and restricting sodium and phosphorus intake. While protein restriction may slow CKD progression, large trials like MDRD found little overall benefit. A plant-based, low-protein diet that is low in phosphorus and sodium may be most suitable for CKD patients. Focusing on overall dietary patterns like the DASH diet may be more practical than individual nutrient restrictions.
The document outlines a presentation on hypertension and hypertensive disorders for allied health workers. It begins with an introduction and outline covering hypertension and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The outline discusses risk factors and diagnosis of hypertension, as well as management of hypertensive crisis. Guidelines for diagnosing and treating hypertension from sources like the 2020 Philippine CPG are also summarized.
This document discusses common and less common complications that can occur during dialysis treatment. It provides details on the causes, symptoms, and management of various complications including hypotension, cramps, nausea/vomiting, headaches, and others. Potential complications are grouped as either common (occurring in 5-60% of treatments) or less common. Treatment approaches focus on prevention through careful fluid management and addressing underlying causes of complications when they arise.
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD), including its definition, stages, causes, complications, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and management. CKD is defined as irreversible kidney damage or reduced glomerular filtration rate lasting over 3 months. The leading causes are diabetes and hypertension. As CKD progresses, complications arise affecting multiple body systems. Treatment aims to slow progression, manage complications, and prepare for kidney replacement if needed.
My Nephrology Registrar Seminar Talk from September 2013
Topics Covered
Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy
Other Renal Disease in Diabetes
Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease + The Joint Renal Diabetic Clinic
Chronic Kidney Disease: Diagnosis and managementkkcsc
This document discusses chronic kidney disease, including its definition, epidemiology in India, risk factors and causes, diagnosis, and management. It presents a case study of a 36-year-old lady with weakness, bone pain, edema, and mild renal failure. Her history and lab results are discussed in detail. The document reviews the stages of chronic kidney disease, main categories of causes (pre-renal, renal, post-renal), and risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and smoking. Specific conditions that can lead to chronic kidney disease are also outlined such as diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, tubular disorders, and obstructive nephropathy.
Hypertension is very common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting 67-92% of patients. Control of hypertension is important for slowing the loss of kidney function and reducing the risk of further kidney damage. The document discusses several risk factors for hypertension in CKD patients including older age, African descent, overweight or obesity, and concurrent diabetes or heart disease. It also reviews guidelines for treating hypertension in CKD, which generally recommend a target blood pressure under 140/90 mmHg and use of renin-angiotensin system blocking agents along with monitoring of kidney function and potassium levels.
Hyperkalemia is a life-threatening complication in patients with renal failure. Initial management includes calcium gluconate, insulin with glucose, salbutamol, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium polystyrene sulphonate. Hemodialysis is the definitive treatment for severe hyperkalemia. Disequilibrium syndrome is a serious complication of hemodialysis that can cause neurological symptoms. Drug overdoses are commonly treated with hemodialysis or hemoperfusion for water soluble drugs, though dialysis is less effective for lipid soluble or protein-bound substances. Dialysis plays an important role in managing toxic levels of various substances.
Renal failure occurs when the kidneys can no longer remove waste and regulate fluids and electrolytes in the body. Chronic kidney disease develops gradually over months to years and initially presents no symptoms. As kidney function declines, waste builds up in the blood and the kidneys lose their ability to concentrate urine and regulate fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance. Treatment focuses on managing complications through medications, diet, dialysis, and potentially a kidney transplant. The goals are to maintain kidney function and homeostasis for as long as possible.
This document discusses kidney failure treatment options including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and transplantation. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are dialysis techniques that use filters or the peritoneal membrane to remove waste and excess fluid from the blood. Kidney transplantation is usually the best long-term treatment but demand for donors exceeds supply.
Challenges in Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic Kidney Disease - Dr. GawadNephroTube - Dr.Gawad
This document discusses challenges in diagnosing and managing diabetic kidney disease. It emphasizes that renal problems in diabetic patients are not always due to diabetic nephropathy and may be caused by other conditions. A thorough evaluation is needed to determine the underlying cause, including considering patient history, type of diabetes, presence of retinopathy, characteristics of proteinuria and hematuria, rate of renal impairment, hypertension, and potential contributing factors. A renal biopsy may be warranted if the presentation is atypical or suggests an alternative diagnosis.
This document discusses hyponatremia (low sodium levels in blood). It begins by defining hyponatremia as a sodium level below 135 meq/L. It then describes the causes and symptoms of hyponatremia, which can include headache, vomiting, seizures and coma depending on severity.
The document categorizes hyponatremia based on plasma osmolality as hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic. It discusses the various types in more detail including hypovolemic, euvolemic and hypervolemic causes. Treatment depends on the specific cause but may include saline solution, fluid restriction, or vasopressin receptor antagonists. The document emphasizes correcting sodium
Based on the information provided:
- Betty should receive her usual Lantus dose as scheduled since it is a basal insulin that works continuously to control her blood sugar throughout the day and night. Missing the dose could lead to hyperglycemia.
- She should not receive any Humulin R (regular insulin) since she is NPO for surgery and regular insulin requires food to avoid hypoglycemia.
- She may receive her usual Humalog dose if her blood sugar is elevated, as Humalog is a rapid-acting insulin used to control post-meal blood sugars. However, since her current blood sugar of 130mg/dL is in a reasonable range, the Humalog dose can be held until after her surgery when she
The document discusses nutrition care for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those undergoing hemodialysis (HD). It outlines the stages of CKD based on glomerular filtration rate. The nutrition care process involves assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring. Key dietary recommendations for CKD and HD patients include restricting protein, sodium, and phosphorus while maintaining adequate energy, carbohydrates, and fat intake. Regular nutrition counseling and monitoring of nutritional status indicators are important for managing the disease and preventing complications.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% of the worldwide population. CKD progresses more slowly in women than men but women are less aware and often start dialysis late or not at all. CKD causes loss of kidney function over several years as the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste from the blood and control blood pressure. While there is no cure for CKD, treatments can help manage symptoms and slow disease progression.
Hemodialysis is a medical procedure that removes waste and excess fluid from the blood of patients with kidney failure. It uses a hemodialysis machine and an artificial kidney called a dialyzer to filter the blood outside of the body. Blood flows through the dialyzer where diffusion and ultrafiltration remove waste and regulate electrolytes, and is then returned to the patient. Hemodialysis is usually done three times a week for four hours each session through an arteriovenous fistula, graft, or catheter. Potential complications include hypotension, muscle cramps, nausea, and disequilibrium syndrome.
The document discusses factors to consider for a patient's first dialysis session for end-stage renal disease including using heparin-free anticoagulation, limiting fluid removal to 2 liters, using a bicarbonate dialysate, and having skilled medical staff present. It also provides guidelines for initial settings for a first session such as a blood flow rate of 150-200 ml/min, a dialysis time of 60-90 minutes, and a dialysate potassium level of 4-4.5 mmol/L. Precautions are recommended when initiating and terminating dialysis to ensure patient safety.
This document discusses definitions, classifications, and clinical applications of acute kidney injury (AKI) according to KDIGO guidelines from 2012. It defines AKI as an increase in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or an increase to ≥1.5 times baseline within 7 days. AKI is staged from 1 to 3 based on increases in creatinine from baseline or reductions in urine output. Proper estimation of baseline creatinine and clinical judgment are important for accurate diagnosis and staging. Pseudo-AKI and atypical cases may not meet diagnostic criteria but still represent kidney injury.
- Recorded videos of this lecture:
English Language version of this lecture is available at:
https://youtu.be/Nl2xKEmvRWk
Arabic Language version of this lecture is available at:
https://youtu.be/K14fWBNdEco
- Visit our website for more lectures: www.NephroTube.com
- Subscribe to our YouTube channel: www.youtube.com/NephroTube
- Join our facebook group: www.facebook.com/groups/NephroTube
- Like our facebook page: www.facebook.com/NephroTube
- Follow us on twitter: www.twitter.com/NephroTube
The document discusses the paradoxical relationship between obesity and mortality in patients with kidney disease undergoing dialysis. Several studies are reviewed that found higher BMI in dialysis patients was associated with lower risks of death and hospitalization, unlike the general population where obesity increases health risks. The studies accounted for various factors and found even extreme obesity was protective. Weight gain over time was also associated with reduced mortality risk. The reasons for this reverse epidemiology are unclear but proposed mechanisms include increased stores of nutrients and anti-inflammatory proteins in adipose tissue.
This document discusses obesity trends globally and in Bangladesh. Some key points:
- Obesity is measured using Body Mass Index (BMI) and is defined as a BMI of 30 or higher.
- Obesity rates have doubled worldwide since 1980, with over 200 million obese adult men and nearly 300 million obese adult women currently.
- In Bangladesh, the percentage of overweight adults increased from 7% in 2008 to 17% in 2013, and overweight children increased from 3% to 4.5% in the same period.
- Factors contributing to rising obesity include sedentary lifestyles, fast food marketing, technology reducing physical activity, and large portion sizes.
- Obesity increases the risk of many health
The document discusses obesity in children and adolescents. It states that 1 in 5 children are overweight or obese, and the number of obese children has more than tripled since 1985. About 80% of obese adolescents will become obese adults. Changing societal factors like increased availability of unhealthy foods, larger portions, and decreased physical activity are contributing to rising obesity rates in children. Obesity can lead to health issues like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and liver problems. Maintaining a healthy diet and being physically active are important to prevent obesity and promote overall wellness.
Approach and management of chronic kidney disease sandeepMohit Aggarwal
Chronic kidney disease is a spectrum of conditions associated with progressive kidney function decline and damage. It is increasingly prevalent due to rising rates of diabetes and hypertension. Management involves identifying the underlying cause, calculating GFR to stage severity, investigating for complications, and slowing progression. Treatment focuses on managing complications through diet, medication, and preparing patients for renal replacement therapies like dialysis and transplantation if kidney failure occurs. The goal is optimizing quality of life and outcomes through a coordinated multidisciplinary approach.
Obesity is a complex chronic disease resulting from excess body fat. Factors like lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating, genetics, and lifestyle choices can lead to obesity and related health problems. Nearly 50% of Indians aged 15-75 are obese, with 30-35 million people dieting at any given time. Obesity increases the risks of diseases like heart disease, diabetes, strokes and some cancers. Treatments involve recognizing true hunger, changing lifestyle habits, and using herbal medicines to aid in weight loss and management of the condition.
Obésité, quelles conséquences sur la fonction rénale?Vincent Bourquin
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease, as multiple studies have found a significant correlation between higher BMI and proteinuria or reduced kidney function. Excess weight can lead to glomerulopathy and kidney damage through mechanisms such as macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue causing inflammation, and increased production of hormones like aldosterone and angiotensin II. Obesity-related glomerulopathy is a distinct form of kidney disease seen in biopsies of obese patients, characterized by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and glomeromegaly.
This document is from a manufacturer and exporter of medical equipment including pneumatic intracorporeal lithotripters. They have been in business since 2004 and are certified by WHO-GMP. They offer competitive pricing, quick delivery, and customized solutions through their experienced professionals. Their product line includes pulselith pneumatic lithotripters, cystoscopy and urethroscopy equipment, telescopes and resectoscopes, nephroscopes and uretero-renoscopes, and hysteroscope sheaths and urology disposables.
O envelhecimento e os rins - Dia mundial do Rim 2014Walter Gouvea
O documento discute os desafios do envelhecimento populacional e os riscos de doenças crônicas como diabetes e hipertensão para a saúde renal. Ele explica a anatomia e função dos rins, métodos de diagnóstico de doença renal como exames de imagem e medição da taxa de filtração glomerular, e estratégias de prevenção como controle de peso, dieta, e exercício. A conclusão é que é necessário adotar hábitos saudáveis para preservar a saúde renal com o aumento da expectativa de vida
Obesity is defined as excess body fat accumulation that can impair health. It is assessed using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and other measures. While some argue it is not a true disease, others believe it is as it is associated with numerous comorbidities. Treating obesity involves diet, exercise and behavior changes. Pharmacotherapy or surgery may be used for more severe obesity, especially if comorbidities are present. Maintaining weight loss is challenging as the number of fat cells does not decrease significantly with dieting.
O documento discute a nefropatia diabética, incluindo sua definição como a principal causa de doença renal crônica no mundo ocidental e como pode se desenvolver em pacientes com diabetes tipo 1 ou 2. Também discute a epidemiologia, patogênese, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico e abordagem terapêutica da condição.
This document presents a proposed research plan to study the prevalence of kidney stones in obese patients. It introduces the problem that obese individuals have a higher risk of developing kidney stones. The purpose is to develop a qualitative research plan to establish the prevalence, causes, current statistics, and ways to control and prevent both conditions. The study will seek to answer questions about how weight impacts kidney stone risk, barriers to preventing obesity and stones, and best practices. The hypothesis is that obesity increases kidney stone risk and that lack of self-efficacy and modern lifestyles cause obesity and stones. The theoretical framework is Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which posits that health is shaped by interactions within one's ecology.
The document provides tips for designing effective PowerPoint presentations, focusing on understanding the audience. It recommends profiling the audience to understand what they see, hear, think and do. It also suggests defining the context, role and main points to clarify the message, and brainstorming what the audience wants to know. The content should be organized into columns grouped by theme. Stories that resonate with the audience should be injected. Visual design should respect cognitive limitations using stimuli like questions and interaction. Rehearsal is also emphasized for delivery.
This document provides information about cystoscopy and urethroscopy procedures. It defines cystoscopy as an examination of the inside of the bladder using a cystoscope, which is a thin instrument with a lens and light. Urethroscopy examines the inside of the upper urinary tract including the ureters and renal pelvis using a ureteroscope. Cystoscopy and urethroscopy can be performed rigidly or flexibly to evaluate issues like blood in the urine, infections, or abnormalities. The document outlines the procedures and anatomy of the urinary tract and discusses common reasons for requiring cystoscopy or urethroscopy like stones, tumors, or blockages.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function present for more than three months. It affects over 26 million Americans and is a major public health issue. The leading causes are diabetes and hypertension. As CKD progresses, kidney function declines and complications increase like anemia and bone disease. Cardiovascular disease risk also rises substantially. Inflammation, lipid abnormalities, and genetic factors can all contribute to CKD progression if not properly managed.
This document discusses prevention of diabetes-related visual impairment and blindness. It notes that diabetes contributes to many eye diseases that can lead to vision loss or blindness, including cataract, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is responsible for about 1% of global vision impairment and blindness. The document provides global and regional statistics on the prevalence of DR and projections for how these numbers will increase in the future given the rising rates of diabetes worldwide. It also discusses the economic burden of DR and strategies for prevention and management of DR through control and surveillance programs integrated into overall non-communicable disease control efforts.
This document discusses chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its management. It provides definitions of CKD and outlines its stages according to the KDIGO classification system. Diabetes and hypertension are highlighted as leading causes of CKD globally. Early detection of CKD is important as it can be asymptomatic for long periods. Screening high-risk individuals through estimated GFR and urine albumin or protein tests is recommended. Left unmanaged, CKD can progress to end-stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapies like dialysis, which are costly treatments.
Slides on Diabetes in the South Focus on Prevention.2018hivlifeinfo
Learn how to overcome common barriers to diabetes prevention with this downloadable slideset.
Richard E. Pratley, MD
Format: Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt)
File Size: 3.16 MB
Released: October 23, 2018
This document discusses the growing epidemic of diabesity, which refers to the concurrent rise in diabetes and obesity. Some key points made include:
- The risk of developing diabetes for today's newborns is 1 in 3 and for Hispanics and African Americans is 1 in 2.
- Diabesity costs the healthcare system $44 billion in direct costs and $138 billion in total costs annually.
- A disease management approach is needed to target the many comorbidities associated with diabesity such as eye, heart, and kidney diseases.
- Lifestyle interventions including dietary changes and increased physical activity are important for managing and preventing diabesity.
Renal disease in diabetes from prediabetes to late vasculopathy complication...nephro mih
This document provides information about Prof Basset El Essawy's qualifications and a lecture on renal disease in diabetes. It discusses epidemiological data on diabetic kidney disease prevalence in the US, summarizes findings from large diabetes treatment trials, and defines insulin resistance and prediabetes. It also covers prediabetes and nephropathy, presents case studies, and examines insulin resistance and vascular calcification.
This document discusses metabolic syndrome, a cluster of risk factors that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease when associated with insulin resistance. It provides definitions of metabolic syndrome from several major health organizations, which include obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance or diabetes as core components. The document emphasizes that regardless of debates around defining metabolic syndrome, patients with multiple risk factors have increased risk of heart disease and should be identified and treated early through preventive healthcare practices and lifestyle changes.
This document discusses the challenges of caring for elderly patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It notes that the population is aging rapidly worldwide, increasing the number of elderly patients with kidney disease and ESRD. Caring for elderly ESRD patients is complex due to multiple age-related physiological changes in kidney function as well as high rates of comorbidities. The document advocates for a multidisciplinary approach to care that considers patients' medical, cognitive, functional, and palliative care needs in making treatment decisions for this complex patient population.
This Presentation is Briefly Discussing Diabetes in General,
Anti-Diabetic Venomous Animals and the Role of Naja Naja Snake Venom in The Treatment of it.
Ueda 2016 hypertension & diabetes - gamila nasrueda2015
The document discusses guidelines for managing hypertension in patients with diabetes. It states that hypertension is more prevalent in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients, with the diagnostic cutoff being 140/90 mmHg rather than 150/95 mmHg. The main recommendations are that treatment should target a blood pressure of below 130/80 mmHg using an ACE inhibitor, ARB, CCB, or thiazide diuretic initially. Multiple drugs are often needed to reach target blood pressure levels, and careful monitoring is recommended for those with kidney disease on ACE inhibitors or ARBs.
This document discusses peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a treatment option for elderly patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It notes that while the elderly population is growing, few elderly patients receive PD. The document reviews studies that found no differences in mortality, technique failure rates, or peritonitis rates between elderly and younger PD patients. Quality of life was also similar or better for elderly patients on PD compared to hemodialysis. Factors like assisted care, reduced dialysis prescriptions, and extended care facilities can help improve outcomes and quality of life for elderly patients receiving PD.
The document discusses atherosclerosis and macrovascular complications of diabetes. It describes the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, including endothelial dysfunction, LDL oxidation, foam cell formation, and plaque development. It notes that macrovascular complications of diabetes include increased risks of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. The document also discusses some potential mechanisms contributing to accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes, including abnormalities in lipoproteins, advanced glycation end products, procoagulant states, and insulin resistance.
This document discusses the epidemiology of coronary heart disease. It begins by providing an overview of cardiovascular diseases and the proportions of deaths caused by coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and other cardiovascular diseases in males and females globally. It then discusses the descriptive epidemiology of coronary artery disease, including trends in India, deaths by age and gender in India, and worldwide trends and international comparisons. It also covers the distribution patterns of coronary heart disease by age, gender, ethnicity, and analytical epidemiology on modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.
Review on the effect of regular physical exercise on the diabetic peripheral ...Dr. Anees Alyafei
A narrative review on how regular physical exercise could affect diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Regular physical exercise has an effective influence on the control and improvement of peripheral neuropathy.
A STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF MICRO AND MACRO VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN TYPE 2 DI...IJSIT Editor
This study examined the prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular complications in 1200 patients with type 2 diabetes in India. Retinopathy was found in 13.5% of patients, nephropathy in 26%, neuropathy in 31.5%, cardiovascular disease in 19.1%, and peripheral vascular disease in 9.75%. Logistic regression revealed that older age, longer diabetes duration, and hypertension were significantly associated with all complications. Poor glycemic control was associated with higher rates of nephropathy and retinopathy. The study highlights the high prevalence of complications, especially nephropathy and neuropathy, in this population.
Diabetic Nephropathy;Physiotherapy approach, a case reportenweluntaobed
Diabetic nephropathy is a complication of diabetes that results in chronic kidney disease. It is caused by damage to the glomeruli of the kidneys from hyperglycemia. It can progress to kidney failure if not controlled. The presentation includes edema, hypertension, reduced kidney function. Management involves controlling blood sugar and pressure with medications like ACE inhibitors. Prognosis depends on stage of disease and risk factors present, with proteinuria indicating higher mortality risk. Physiotherapy can help reduce pain and swelling and improve function for patients with diabetic nephropathy.
The document discusses chronic kidney disease in elderly patients. It notes that the elderly population is growing rapidly and will more than double between 2000 and 2030. Chronic kidney disease is also an epidemic among the elderly, as aging leads to a decline in kidney function even without other risk factors. Outcomes of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease are generally worse in elderly patients compared to younger patients due to higher rates of comorbidities. Management of chronic kidney disease in the elderly requires an individualized approach balancing treatment goals with patient preferences and prognosis. Palliative care is also an important part of care for elderly patients with advanced chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease.
Diabetes presentation nosscr 112011 san antonio 2Law Firm
The document discusses diabetes, including:
1) Diabetes affects over 25 million Americans and is increasing, with some areas having higher rates.
2) The SSA is eliminating the diabetes listing due to advances in treatment, but complications can still be disabling.
3) Diabetes has two main types (1 and 2) and can cause many serious complications affecting multiple body systems if not properly managed.
Weight diabetes and metabolic problems in patients taking atypical antipsycho...Alex J Mitchell
Free slide show on weight gain, diabetes and metabolic problems in those taking atypical antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and related conditions. Image credits retained by original authors. Please give correct acknolwedgements if you present any material from here.
Baby ganesha sitting on the lap of lord shiva and mother parvathi vintage baz...Dokka Srinivasu
These are 2 different Baby Ganesha sitting on the Lap of Lord Shiva and Mother Parvathi vintage bazaar post cards of 19th Century in my collection.
I am sharing these in my Heritage of India blog.
http://indian-heritage-and-culture.blogspot.in/2015/09/baby-ganesha-sitting-on-lap-of-lord.html
Every person want to fulfill something in his or her life. But success is coming to those people who are moving forward to implement some action instead of just thinking. Success is coming to those who think properly with proper and dedicated planning.
Every person has infinite potential within him/her. These 18 principles are useful as how a person use his infinite potential to succeed in life.
I prepared this power point presentation and i hope many people will benefited with this presentation to succeed in their Goals and Life. All the best to the readers those who study and implement these principles.
Maithreem Bhajatha song by smt. m.s. subbulakshmi at united nationsDokka Srinivasu
Maithree Bhajatha Song by Srimati M.S. Subbulakshmi at United Nations
http://srimati-ms-subbulakshmi.blogspot.in/2012/04/maithree-bhajatha-song-by-srimati-ms.html
This document contains descriptions of three philatelic items related to Louis Braille in the collector's possession: a Louis Braille Maxim Card from an unknown source, a Louis Braille First Day Cover issued by the Indian Postal Department, and a Louis Braille Birth Bicentenary stamp issued by Sri Lanka to commemorate his life and inventions that enabled literacy for the blind.
Lord shiva with young ganesh mythological post cardDokka Srinivasu
This is my mythological post card. i share this in my heritage of india blog.
http://indian-heritage-and-culture.blogspot.in/2012/04/lord-shiva-with-young-ganesha.html
Heritage of India, Taj Mahal Post Card
I shared this in my heritage of India blog.
http://indian-heritage-and-culture.blogspot.in/2012/04/taj-mahal-post-card.html
Sri Rama Navami is celebrated on April 1st, 2012 to mark the birth and wedding of Lord Sri Rama. The document shares some images of Sri Rama Navami celebrations in Telugu language obtained from two Singapore Telugu association websites, singapore telugu samajam and Singapore telugu mithrulu.
The philosophical foundations of Hinduism are based on the Vedas, direct personal experience through meditation, ethics for social order, and the belief that suffering stems from ignorance of the eternal self. Samkhya philosophy sees reality as having two aspects - Purusha, the pure self, and Praktiri, the material source. Advaita Vedanta claims there is only one reality of Atman/Brahman appearing separate due to Maya. Yoga uses spiritual disciplines like breathing, postures, and meditation to achieve self-knowledge or union with Brahman. The yoga described here differs from modern Western yoga by focusing more on spiritual goals rather than solely physical fitness.
The document summarizes early civilizations and religions in India. It describes the Harappan civilization and the arrival of the Aryans who composed sacred texts known as the Vedas. It also outlines the development of Hinduism, including the caste system, key beliefs like karma and reincarnation, major gods like Brahman, Vishnu, and Shiva, and how Hinduism is also known as Sanatana Dharma.
Hinduism originated in India in approximately 1500 BC. It has no single founder but is known as Sanatana Dharma. Hindus believe in reincarnation and karma. The three main Hindu gods are Brahma the creator, Vishnu the most powerful god, and Shiva the destroyer. Hindus can follow the path of devotion, knowledge, or works. Daily rituals include offerings, prayers, and meditation. Festivals celebrate the gods. The caste system and stages of life are important social structures. Some criticize depictions of Hinduism that are seen as demeaning.
The document discusses the importance of maintaining and promoting Vedic culture. It outlines that Vedic culture encompasses spirituality, philosophy, religion, rituals, arts, and culture. It provides profound insights into life's purpose. The document calls on Brahmans and the Hindu community to take leadership in educating about Vedic values and passing traditions to younger generations. Actions proposed include community building programs, exposure to Vedic philosophy, and participation in spiritual practices and ceremonies. The overall goal is to protect Vedic culture from attacks and for it to be accessible to all.
The document discusses the Upanishads, which are part of the Vedic literature in Hinduism. It outlines three key components for spiritual knowledge: a guru, sacred texts, and experience. It then summarizes several important Upanishads, explaining their philosophical teachings and dialogues. The Upanishads seek to understand existence, life, death, the soul, universe, and God through mystical experiences and questions. They form the foundation of Hindu philosophy and theology.
Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world originating between 4000-2000 BC in India. It has no single founder but is based on the Vedas, the oldest scriptures. Hindus believe in concepts like dharma, karma, samsara, moksha and worship gods like Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva. Major festivals celebrate various gods and harvest seasons. The religion also has diverse philosophies like Advaita, Vishishtadvaita and six schools of thought.
The role of Hindu Dharma & Our role in Hindu Dharma Dokka Srinivasu
Hinduism is also known as Sanatana Dharma or the eternal principles of righteousness. Dharma refers to the universal principles and laws that sustain natural order and bring peace, harmony, and progress. It includes morality, ethics, justice, and is based on experiments and experiences over thousands of years, making it a super-scientific knowledge system. Dharma sustains individuals and society through upholding virtues like fortitude, forgiveness, self-control, non-violence, purity, and wisdom.
Mohandas Gandhi, known as the Mahatma or "Great Soul", led successful non-violent protests in India that ultimately forced the British to leave and allow India to govern itself. Through non-cooperation strategies like boycotting British goods and producing their own cloth and salt, Gandhi and his followers disrupted the British economy and drew international attention to their cause. Despite facing repeated imprisonment, Gandhi continued his non-violent campaigns until India achieved independence in 1947 without the use of weapons or violence.
Vintage cigarette cards of maharajas of indiaDokka Srinivasu
This document describes a collection of 3 vintage cigarette cards featuring Maharajas from India. The cards provide portraits and information about Indian royalty from earlier eras. The collection preserves a glimpse into India's history of princely states ruled by Maharajas.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
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3. WORLD KIDNEY DAY (1)
PURPOSE:
• World Kidney Day was established to
increase awareness of the need for detection
programs for CKD & to improve
prevention & treatment of CKD.
2.The motto of World Kidney Day:
Kidney Disease is Common,
Harmful and Treatable.
4. About 20 Million People With
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in
the United States and
~20 Million More at Risk
Estimates Suggest That About 10
Percent of Adult Patients Worldwide
May Have CKD
5. Dialysis Mortality: 20%
General Population vs ESRD Dialysis Patients
100
Annual CVD Mortality (%)
10
GP Male
1 GP Female
GP Black
0.1 GP White
Dialysis Male
Dialysis Female
0.01 Dialysis Black
Dialysis White
0.001
25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 66-74 75-84 >85
Age (years)
RN Foley, PS Parfrey, and MJ Sarnak; Clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in
chronic renal disease AJKD, 1998 32(5):S112-S119
6.
7. Most People with CKD will Die
Prematurely from their Increased
Risk of Cardiovascular and
Cerebrovascular Disease Before
they Develop End-Stage Kidney
Failure
8. WHY WORLD KIDNEY
DAY?
• Chronic, non-communicable diseases (i.e. CVD,
HTN, DM and CKD) have now replaced
communicable diseases as the LEADING
THREAT to public health & health budgets
worldwide
• Deaths…
– Attributed to infectious diseases will decline
by 3% over the next decade
– Attributed to chronic diseases will increase by
17% over the same time frame
10. Diabetes Is the Most Common Primary
Diagnosis in Patients With Kidney
Failure
350 Hypertension
Prevalent Dialysis
45% 27%
(2003: 324,826)
300 Diabetes
Number of Patients
8% Glomerulonephritis
250
(thousands)
20%
200 Other
Prevalent Transplant
150 (2003: 128,131)
100
Incident Dialysis
50 (2003: 100,499)
0
′88 ′90 ′92 ′94 ′96 ′98 ′00 ′02
Year
ESRD = end-stage renal disease.
USRDS 2005 Annual Data Report. The data reported here have been supplied by the USRDS. The interpretation
and reporting of these data are the responsibility of the author(s) and in no way should be seen as an official
policy or interpretation of the U.S. government. Available at: www.usrds.org. Accessed December 6, 2005.
11. Primary Diagnoses for
Patients Who Start Dialysis
Other
10% Diabetes
Glomerulonephritis
13% 50%
Hypertension
27%
United States Renal Data System
(USRDS) 2005 Annual Data Report •
WWW.USRDS.ORG
12. Potentially Preventable Causes of
CKD
Cause Responsible for % of
CKD
1.Diabetes Mellitus/Obesity 45%
2.Hypertension 27%
___________________________________________
____
Total Potentially Preventable
Cases of CKD 72%
NOTE: Since both of these disorders are in large part
related to unhealthy nutritional intake and/or
13. DEFINITION OF OBESITY
• Overweight: BMI 25.0 -29.0 kg/m2
• Obese: BMI ≥30 kg/m2
• Morbidly Obese: ≥35kg/m2
• Abdominal Obesity: Waist
circumference ≥102 cm in men; ≥88
cm in women
16. OBESITY RISK FOR ADVANCED
BMI ≥ 25 at 20 years old CKD
OR for Incidence of Advanced CKD
Stratified by Comorbidity
No Diabetes 2.4( CI: 1.6-3.6)
No Hypertension 3.6 (1.8-7.1)
No Diabetes or Hypertension 3.0 (1.4-6.4)
Stratified by Type of CKD
Diabetic Nephropathy 5.2 (3.2-8.4)
Nephrosclerosis 3.0 (1.6-5.5)
19. Percentage of population that is overweight
(BMI 25-29kg/m2)
Percentage of population that is obese (BMI≥30kg/m2
Kelley et al, Int J Obesity 2008;32:1431-1437
20. Challenges of CKD
Management problems, enormous
everywhere, are particularly great, even
overwhelming, in developing countries:
1. Little awareness of CKD or its
consequences
2. Few financial resources for
prevention, detection or treatment
3. Little expertise
4. High prevalence of CKD
21. Today There are Many
Safe and Effective
Treatments That Prevent
or Slow the Progression
of Chronic Kidney
Disease
22. Simple Methods for
Detection of CKD
1. Urine Albumin, including
Microalbumin (indicator of
kidney disease especially of
small blood vessels in kidney)
2. Serum Creatinine (indicator of
kidney function)
3. Blood Pressure
23. What Can WKD Do (1)?
1. Advertise/Educate
i. The public-at –large
ii. National, regional and local
governments, insurers and other health
related organizations (eg, the
pharmaceutical industry)
iii. Health care professionals (There is
abundant evidence that medical care is
suboptimal nationally, even when
financial resources are not a limiting
factor).
24. What Can WKD Do (2)?
2. Advocate
i. With National, State and Local
Governments for Better Kidney Disease:
- Education
- Prevention
- Detection
- Treatment
ii. With Other Major Organizations; e.g.,
Insurance Agencies, Large Health Care
Providers, Universities, etc.
25. What Can Be Done (2)?
2. Conduct Detection and Treatment Programs
i. Particularly for high risk groups.
ii. Employ inexpensive methods of detection and
treatment (Experience of Dr. Manis from
Chennai, consider using non-physicians where
possible).
iii. Collaboration with other like-minded
organizations will increase efficiency and
effectiveness – especially for a nation as
populous and with as many volunteer health
organizations as India.
26. What Can Be Done (4)?
4. Ultimately, the costs of prevention,
detection and treatment programs
nationally will require resources that can
only be provided by such national or
regional organizations as governments or
other third party insurers – But this is for
the future.
27. WORLD KIDNEY DAY
A SUCCESS STORY:
There has been an overwhelming
response around the world to
World Kidney Day.
28. WKD Successes (1)
• Outstanding response from around the
world:
– 45 participating countries - 2006
– 63 participating countries - 2007
– 90 participating countries & territories –
2008
– Over 100 participating countries &
territories -2009
29. WKD Successes (2)
Participating Countries
– from Albania to Zimbabwe
– In many countries, activities in many different
places
– Participating organizations included:
societies, foundations, universities, colleges,
hospitals associations, trusts and individuals
– Local activities focused on raising awareness
across all key audiences:
– Public-at -large, Government ministers and
Health Officials, Physicians and Allied Health
Professionals
30. World Kidney Day Los Angeles
2010 (2)
Many Southern California Organizations joined
together for this event (continued)
March, 2010
4. Kidney Disease Lectures at Scheduled
Hospital Conferences, Universities -
Academic Nephrologists
31. World Kidney Day Los Angeles
2010 (1)
Many Southern California Organizations joined
together for this event
March 7, 2010
1. Polycystic Kidney Disease / KidneyWise Walk
March 11, 2010
2. Minority community education program and
focus groups – Drew Postgraduate Medical
School, Community Organizations
3. KEEP Dectetion Program– National Kidney
Foundation
32. World Kidney Day Los Angeles
2010 (3)
Many Southern California Organizations
joined together for this event (continued)
March 13, 2009
5. CKD Management Training for MD’s,
RN’s, General Internists, Family
Practitioners, Nurse Practitioners and
Specialists, Case Managers – Kaiser
Permanente Health Care System and
Foundation, Los Angeles County
Department of Health Services
33. World Kidney Day Los Angeles
2010 (4)
Many Southern California Organizations
joined together for this event (continued)
March, 2008, 2009 And 2010
6. Innumerable planning meetings and
individual activities – By representatives of
all of the above organizations and entities
7. In Washington and elsewhere, meeting with
government officials, editorials, the media
and many many other activities
36. Interconnections Between Obesity,
Diabetes Mellitus (DM), High Blood
Pressure, and Chronic Kidney Disease
(CKD)
Relationships between Obesity, Diabetes & CKD:
i. Obesity predisposes to both Diabetes & CKD
ii. Diabetes is the most common cause of end-
stage CKD that requires chronic dialysis
treatments or renal transplantation
iii. Roughly one-third of people with Diabetes
will develop CKD
37. Interconnections Between Obesity,
Diabetes Mellitus, High Blood Pressure,
and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Relationships between Obesity, Diabetes & CKD:
(continued)
iv. Diabetes is easy to detect, can be prevented
in most cases, and can usually be treated
effectively in most cases.
38. Interconnections Between Obesity,
Diabetes Mellitus, High Blood Pressure
and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Relationships between Obesity, Diabetes &
CKD :
v. Tight glucose control in DM appears to
reduce the risk for CKD.
vi. Blood pressure control reduces the harmful
complications of DM.
vii. DM is easy to detect, and in most cases, it
can be prevented and usually treated effectively.
39. Interconnections Between Obesity, Diabetes
Mellitus, High Blood Pressure, and Chronic
Kidney Disease (CKD)
Relationships between CKD & high blood pressure:
i. High blood pressure, like chronic kidney disease
(CKD), is often silent and dangerous.
ii. High blood pressure causes CKD.
iii. CKD causes High blood pressure.
iv. Both CKD and Hogh blood pressure are
common and treatable.
40. Interconnections Between Obesity,
Diabetes Mellitus, High Blood Pressure,
and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Relationships between Obesity, Diabetes, CKD,
High blood pressure versus Vascular Disease:
1. Each of the above four conditions increase
the risk for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular
Disease.
2. This risk is often markedly increased.
3. Together these 4 diseases (Obesity,
Diabetes, CKD and high blood pressure) cause a
large percentage of the illnesses and deaths in
the Developed and the Developing World.
41. Interconnections Between Obesity,
Diabetes Mellitus, High Blood Pressure,
and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
What can We do to Prevent and Treat
these Related Diseases and Their
Harmful Effects?
42. Diabetes: Tight Glucose & Blood
Pressure Control and CV Outcomes
Any Diabetic DM Microvascular
Stroke Endpoint Deaths Complications
0
% Reduction In Relative Risk
5%
10%
-10 12%
-20
24%
*
-30 32% 32%
* 37%
*P <0.05 compared to tight glucose control
-40 *
44%
Tight Glucose Control Tight BP Control
* (Goal <6.0 mmol/l or 108 mg/dL) (Average 144/82 mmHg)
-50
Bakris GL, et al. Am J Kidney Dis.
2000;36(3):646-661.
43. Suggested Goals for CKD Patients esp.
with Diabetes and High Blood Pressure
• Lifestyle modifications (no obesity, regular exercise)
• BP 130/80 mmHg or lower, esp in diabetes or proteinuria)
• Maximal reduction of proteinuria (<1 g/d)
• Multiple BP lowering meds(3-4 meds or more, if needed)
• ACEIs, ARBs, Diuretics, Beta-Blockers, Non-
Dihydropyridine-CCBs
• HbA1c at <7% (in diabetics)
• Dietary protein restriction (0.6 - 0.8 kg/d)
• Dietary sodium restriction (<2-3 g/d sodium)
• Lipid-lowering therapy (diet, statins)
44. What Can Be Done (3)?
3. New Direction:
We are beginning to join with other
disease focused groups and world health
days that relate to kidney disease (for
example, World Hypertension Day,
possibly in the future, World Diabetes
Day).
45. World Kidney Day-Plans For 2009(2)
2. Collaboration with World Hypertension Day.
i. Share messages on websites, in printed
messages?
ii. Place links on respective websites?
iii. Inaugurate combined programs in selected
circumstances(2009 WKD will add a HTN focus).
3. Basic Principal: A message has the greatest
impact when it is repeated many times and in
different ways or by different groups.
46. World Kidney Day-Plans For 2009(3)
i. It follows that we might all come closer
to achieving our respective goals if Heart,
Diabetes and Stroke join in this linkage
effort with WHD and WKD.
4. Role for the Vascular Alliance?
i. Coordinate such linkage efforts?
ii. Facilitate the liaison between Vascular
Alliance and target audiences (eg, Nurses,
family practitioners, general internists,
pharmacists, government ministries, etc.).
47. World Kidney Day – Future Plans
1. Increase Public Health Message
2. Bring all Kidney Disease Organizations
together for a Unified Effort and Message
(kidney foundations, societies of nephrology,
patient organizations, community activists,
medical schools, teaching hospitals, insurers)
3. Each community to use WKD as time to
announce goals and timelines for targeted
improvements in prevention and health care for
people with or at risk for kidney disease. WKD
is also used to announce the status and
successes of these efforts.
48. Potential Evolution in Goals for
World Kidney Day
The goal is to use World Kidney Day as a
mechanism to stimulate people to work together
to improve the health care system as it affects
public health, preventative medicine and acute
and chronic medical care in their locality with
regard to acute and chronic kidney disease .
We want to have volunteers from kidney
foundations, kidney patient organizations,
societies of nephrology, other interested
organizations and the public-at-large join
together to attain these goals in their locality.
Primary Diagnoses for Patients Who Start Dialysis Talking Points: Diabetes is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hypertension is the second most common cause. But, a substantial proportion of diabetics will have hypertension (blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg) as an important contributing factor to their loss of renal function. References: United States Renal Data System (USRDS) 2000 Annual Data Report. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases – Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases. USRDS Coordinating Center operated by the Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation. Internet Address: www.usrds.org