Diabetes is a disease where blood glucose levels are too high due to either not enough insulin production or cells not properly responding to insulin. There are two main types: type 1 is usually diagnosed in childhood and type 2 in adulthood. Symptoms include frequent urination, thirst, hunger and fatigue. Complications affect the eyes, heart, kidneys, nerves and risk of infection if blood sugar is not controlled through lifestyle changes like diet, exercise and medication if needed.

1. Diabetes Awareness

2. Content What is Diabetes Mellitus ? Types of Diabetes Signs and symptoms How to diagnose diabetes? Complications Treatment Summary

3. What is diabetes Diabetes is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal . Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies to use for energy. The pancreas, makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our bodies. When you have diabetes, your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't use its own insulin as well as it should. This causes sugar to build up in your blood

4. Type of Diabetes Type 1 (Insulin Dependent DM) Juvenile-onset diabetes, may account for 5% to 10% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes Type 2 (Non-Insulin Dependent DM) Adult-onset diabetes, may account for about 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Weight gain / Obesity Gestational diabetes Pregnant women who gets DM

5. Symptom Frequent urination Excessive thirst Unexplained weight loss Extreme hunger Sudden vision changes Tingling or numbness in hands or feet Feeling very tired much of the time Very dry skin Sores that are slow to heal More infections than usual. Yes No

6. How to diagnose DM? IFG – impaired fasting glucose IGT – impaired glucose tolerance

7. Complication Eye – Can get blurring of vision leading to blindness Heart – high risk of Heart Attack Kidney failure leading to Dialysis Brain – risk of stroke Nerves – reduce sensation to both hands and feet leading to injury, which can be complicated further by infection -> can lead to amputation

8. Treatment Lifestyle modification Diet control Physical activity 30min x 3 times a week Weight reduction Stop smoking Medical therapy Oral hypoglycaemic agent Insulin injection Control Blood Pressure Control Cholesterol Level

9. Summary Diabetes is a serious disease with multiple complication Diabetes is common but you can reduce your risk by losing even a small amount of weight.

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