World Geography ( Disciplines, Earth, Sun, )
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Geography studies the Earth's surface and links various disciplines. The document discusses the solar system including the sun and 9 planets, as well as asteroids and meteors. It describes the Earth as a spherical body located in the Milky Way galaxy. Key details about the Earth's crust, mantle, core, rotation, revolution, seasons, and equinoxes are provided. The text cites a reference book on world geography as its source.
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9.earth2
The document discusses evidence that supports plate tectonic theory, including:
- Fossils found across continents suggesting they were once joined together as a supercontinent.
- Matching rock formations and mountain ranges that line up across plate boundaries.
- Earth's crust consists of 11 major tectonic plates that are constantly in motion.
- Most volcanic and earthquake activity occurs along plate boundaries.
Earth, sun and moon
This document provides an overview of our solar system, including the Earth, sun, and moon. It discusses that the solar system includes everything around the sun, such as planets, moons, asteroids, comets, dust, and debris. It then provides more detailed descriptions of key features of the Earth, such as its atmosphere and composition. It also describes features of the sun, such as its layers, and notes that the moon was an inspiration for creating an encyclopedia-like wiki about its craters, mountains and other surface features. The document aims to educate about our solar system and some of its most important celestial bodies.
Shape, size and motions of the earth 1
Earth is not a perfect sphere, but is classified as an oblate spheroid, or ellipsoid. It is flattened at the poles and bulges at the equator due to centrifugal forces from its rotation. Its equatorial diameter is 7,926 miles while the polar diameter is 7,900 miles. Modern analyses use precise satellite observations to define the International Reference Ellipsoid, which models Earth as an oblate spheroid with an equatorial radius of 6378.137 km and polar radius of 6356.752 km.
Continental Drift Theory
This PPT takes a brief dig at the genesis of the Continental Drift Theory. It covers the causes and the evidences of the theory.
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The document provides information about various objects in our solar system including asteroids, meteoroids, meteors, meteorites, comets, and the sun. It describes their composition, size, orbits, and how they interact with Earth's atmosphere in some cases. Key points are:
- Asteroids orbit between Mars and Jupiter and range in size from small rocks to objects 750km in diameter.
- Meteoroids are smaller than asteroids and become meteors when entering Earth's atmosphere, creating streaks of light. If they survive entry they are called meteorites.
- Comets have icy nuclei and tails made of vaporized gases. They orbit the sun in elliptical paths and are most visible when close to
Supercontinent cycle
The document summarizes the theory of supercontinent cycles, where the Earth's continents periodically assemble into a single landmass called a supercontinent and then break apart over hundreds of millions of years. It describes how Pangaea formed approximately 300 million years ago before breaking apart, and how earlier supercontinents like Rodinia and Columbia also existed. It explains that the movement of tectonic plates will likely cause the continents to reconverge into a new supercontinent in about 200 million years. This cyclical assembly and breakup of supercontinents over billions of years has shaped the Earth's geography and geology.
CONTINENTAL DRIFT HYPOTHESIS
This document discusses evidence that supports continental drift and plate tectonics theories. It describes how the Earth's crust is divided into plates that move over time, occasionally colliding or splitting apart. Fossil, rock formation, and climate data from separated continents provided early evidence that landmasses have drifted over hundreds of millions of years. Studies of the ocean floor revealed patterns of magnetic polarity reversals and symmetrical magnetic strips that supported the hypothesis of sea floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, with new crust forming and pushing older crust farther outward over time. Together this evidence established plate tectonics as the mechanism explaining continental movement and geological phenomena like earthquakes and volcanoes.
Continental Drift
1) Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift, which suggested that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart over millions of years.
2) To support his theory, Wegener presented four pieces of evidence: the matching shapes of continental edges, identical fossil distributions, matching rock formations, and evidence of past climate zones that no longer align with the continents' current locations.
3) Despite this evidence, Wegener's contemporaries rejected his theory because he could not explain the mechanism that caused the continents to move. Acceptance of the theory required understanding how and why continental drift occurred.
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The document discusses evidence that supports plate tectonic theory, including:
- Fossils found across continents suggesting they were once joined together as a supercontinent.
- Matching rock formations and mountain ranges that line up across plate boundaries.
- Earth's crust consists of 11 major tectonic plates that are constantly in motion.
- Most volcanic and earthquake activity occurs along plate boundaries.
Earth, sun and moon
This document provides an overview of our solar system, including the Earth, sun, and moon. It discusses that the solar system includes everything around the sun, such as planets, moons, asteroids, comets, dust, and debris. It then provides more detailed descriptions of key features of the Earth, such as its atmosphere and composition. It also describes features of the sun, such as its layers, and notes that the moon was an inspiration for creating an encyclopedia-like wiki about its craters, mountains and other surface features. The document aims to educate about our solar system and some of its most important celestial bodies.
Shape, size and motions of the earth 1
Earth is not a perfect sphere, but is classified as an oblate spheroid, or ellipsoid. It is flattened at the poles and bulges at the equator due to centrifugal forces from its rotation. Its equatorial diameter is 7,926 miles while the polar diameter is 7,900 miles. Modern analyses use precise satellite observations to define the International Reference Ellipsoid, which models Earth as an oblate spheroid with an equatorial radius of 6378.137 km and polar radius of 6356.752 km.
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The document provides information about various objects in our solar system including asteroids, meteoroids, meteors, meteorites, comets, and the sun. It describes their composition, size, orbits, and how they interact with Earth's atmosphere in some cases. Key points are:
- Asteroids orbit between Mars and Jupiter and range in size from small rocks to objects 750km in diameter.
- Meteoroids are smaller than asteroids and become meteors when entering Earth's atmosphere, creating streaks of light. If they survive entry they are called meteorites.
- Comets have icy nuclei and tails made of vaporized gases. They orbit the sun in elliptical paths and are most visible when close to
Supercontinent cycle
The document summarizes the theory of supercontinent cycles, where the Earth's continents periodically assemble into a single landmass called a supercontinent and then break apart over hundreds of millions of years. It describes how Pangaea formed approximately 300 million years ago before breaking apart, and how earlier supercontinents like Rodinia and Columbia also existed. It explains that the movement of tectonic plates will likely cause the continents to reconverge into a new supercontinent in about 200 million years. This cyclical assembly and breakup of supercontinents over billions of years has shaped the Earth's geography and geology.
CONTINENTAL DRIFT HYPOTHESIS
This document discusses evidence that supports continental drift and plate tectonics theories. It describes how the Earth's crust is divided into plates that move over time, occasionally colliding or splitting apart. Fossil, rock formation, and climate data from separated continents provided early evidence that landmasses have drifted over hundreds of millions of years. Studies of the ocean floor revealed patterns of magnetic polarity reversals and symmetrical magnetic strips that supported the hypothesis of sea floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, with new crust forming and pushing older crust farther outward over time. Together this evidence established plate tectonics as the mechanism explaining continental movement and geological phenomena like earthquakes and volcanoes.
Continental Drift
1) Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift, which suggested that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before drifting apart over millions of years.
2) To support his theory, Wegener presented four pieces of evidence: the matching shapes of continental edges, identical fossil distributions, matching rock formations, and evidence of past climate zones that no longer align with the continents' current locations.
3) Despite this evidence, Wegener's contemporaries rejected his theory because he could not explain the mechanism that caused the continents to move. Acceptance of the theory required understanding how and why continental drift occurred.
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This document provides instructions for an activity where students will piece together the supercontinent Pangea based on fossil and rock evidence from present-day continents. Students will color code continents according to a legend matching fossil and mountain types. They will then cut out the continents and rearrange them to reconstruct Pangea, guided by the fossil and mountain evidence. Finally, students will glue the rearranged continents onto a map and answer questions about continental drift and the fit of continents in the supercontinent configuration.
Continental Drift theory suitable for online class
Continental drift was a theory proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 to explain similarities between continents such as matching coastlines, fossils, and rock formations. Wegener proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea, which later broke apart and drifted to their current positions. Wegener's theory was initially rejected because he could not explain the mechanism driving the movement of continents. Later, Harry Hess proposed the theory of seafloor spreading to explain continental drift, suggesting new ocean crust was being formed at mid-ocean ridges and pushing the continents apart. Plate tectonics unified these concepts and provided evidence of magnetic reversals in ocean crust to support the theory of continental movement.
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Continental drift theory
According to the continental drift hypothesis, the continents have slowly moved over time to their current positions. Alfred Wegener first proposed this theory in 1912. Seafloor spreading provided insight into the mechanism of plate tectonics, with magma pushing the plates apart at mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones pulling them under. About 225 million years ago, nearly all land was part of the supercontinent Pangaea, which has since broken apart, forming the continents in their current positions.
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1) The oceans are important sources of food, energy, minerals, and allow for transportation. They formed from water vapor in the atmosphere condensing over millions of years.
2) The oceans contain dissolved gases, salts, and other elements. Desalination plants remove salt from seawater to produce freshwater.
3) Ocean currents are large masses of water that circulate horizontally, powered by winds, and move different water temperatures in different directions around the globe.
Super Continents
Supercontinents are landmasses formed when continents collide and merge together. Some of the earliest proposed supercontinents include Vaalbara 3.5 billion years ago, Ur 3 billion years ago, and Kenorland 2.7 billion years ago. Later supercontinents included Columbia/Nuna/Hudsonland 1.8 billion years ago, Rodinia between 1.1-0.75 billion years ago, and Pannotia 750 million years ago. The most well known supercontinent, Pangaea, formed 300 million years ago before breaking apart. Scientists predict that in around 100 million years, a new supercontinent called Amasia will form when Asia collides with North America and other continents.
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- It is the densest planet in the solar system and has unique features like plate tectonics, liquid water, and life.
- Earth's internal structure includes an inner and outer core of iron and nickel and a mantle of iron-rich minerals. Both temperature and pressure increase with depth.
- Plate tectonics, which causes continents to slowly drift over millions of years, is responsible for major surface features and the three main rock types.
- Earth's atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen and is divided into layers, with temperature decreasing in the troposphere but increasing in the stratosphere.
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The document describes key characteristics of the Earth, including its shape as a geoid flattened at the poles. It discusses the geographical network of meridians and parallels that form the graticule for measuring latitude and longitude. It also covers the Earth's motions of translation, rotation, and precession. Seasons and equinoxes/solstices are explained in relation to the Earth's orbit and axial tilt. Time zones are defined based on 15-degree divisions of longitude, with adjustments of one hour per zone.
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Wegener observed that the continents appeared to fit together like puzzle pieces. He developed the theory of continental drift, which proposed that the continents slowly moved across Earth's surface over long periods of time. Wegener provided evidence from fossils, climate, earthquake locations, ocean ridges, and mountain ranges to support his theory. Later, the theory of plate tectonics was developed, explaining that continental drift occurs because Earth's crust is divided into plates that can move.
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The document provides information about the Moon and its exploration history. It describes the Moon's size and distance from Earth. Key events in lunar exploration included Soviet missions in 1959 and US missions in the 1960s including Rangers, Lunar Orbiters, and Surveyors. The Apollo 11 mission in 1969 was the first to land humans on the Moon. The document discusses lunar geology, noting differences from Earth like the lack of an atmosphere, water, or plate tectonics. It describes lunar features such as maria, highlands, craters, and rilles. The formation of the Moon is also summarized.
Plate tectonics
The document summarizes the theory of plate tectonics. It explains that the Earth's crust is broken into plates that are constantly moving due to convection currents in the mantle. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent where plates pull apart and new crust is formed, convergent where plates crash together forming mountains or one plate slides under the other, and transform where plates slide past each other causing earthquakes. The theory developed from the theories of continental drift proposing the splitting of Pangaea and seafloor spreading explaining the patterns of aging rocks in the oceans. Together these theories explained how plate motions and interactions at their boundaries shape the Earth's surface over millions of years.
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The document summarizes key facts about the Moon's properties, surface characteristics, composition and formation history. It discusses how lunar exploration began with Soviet and American space programs in the late 1950s and 1960s, culminating in the Apollo 11 mission landing in 1969. It describes the Moon's surface features like highlands, maria, impact craters and lack of atmosphere or water. The composition is similar to Earth, consisting mainly of silicates. The widely accepted theory is that the Moon formed from debris after a giant impact between Earth and a Mars-sized object over 4 billion years ago.
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Our Solar System consists of 8 planets that orbit our star, the Sun. The planets can be divided into inner terrestrial planets like Earth and Mars, and outer gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn. Gravity and inertia work together to keep the planets and other objects like the Moon in stable orbits around stellar bodies. Beyond the planets are smaller objects like comets, asteroids, and meteoroids. Comets are icy bodies that develop tails as they near the Sun, while asteroids orbit mainly in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids are asteroid fragments that can burn up as meteors in Earth's atmosphere or survive as meteorites.
Solar system
Our solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy, which contains thousands of other galaxies. It contains the sun and eight planets that orbit the sun, including Earth. The four inner planets closest to the sun are terrestrial, while the four outer planets are gas giants. Other objects in our solar system include comets, asteroids, meteoroids, and dwarf planets. Gravity and inertia work together to keep planets and other objects in stable orbits around the sun and other celestial bodies.
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This document provides instructions for an activity where students will piece together the supercontinent Pangea based on fossil and rock evidence from present-day continents. Students will color code continents according to a legend matching fossil and mountain types. They will then cut out the continents and rearrange them to reconstruct Pangea, guided by the fossil and mountain evidence. Finally, students will glue the rearranged continents onto a map and answer questions about continental drift and the fit of continents in the supercontinent configuration.
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Continental drift was a theory proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912 to explain similarities between continents such as matching coastlines, fossils, and rock formations. Wegener proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea, which later broke apart and drifted to their current positions. Wegener's theory was initially rejected because he could not explain the mechanism driving the movement of continents. Later, Harry Hess proposed the theory of seafloor spreading to explain continental drift, suggesting new ocean crust was being formed at mid-ocean ridges and pushing the continents apart. Plate tectonics unified these concepts and provided evidence of magnetic reversals in ocean crust to support the theory of continental movement.
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The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It is the fifth largest moon in the solar system and has been explored by numerous spacecraft. The Moon moderates Earth's axial wobble and causes ocean tides, both of which influence the planet's climate. Its surface is dominated by impact craters and basaltic plains called maria that formed from ancient lava flows. The Moon has no significant atmosphere and its gravity is much weaker than Earth's.
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According to the continental drift hypothesis, the continents have slowly moved over time to their current positions. Alfred Wegener first proposed this theory in 1912. Seafloor spreading provided insight into the mechanism of plate tectonics, with magma pushing the plates apart at mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones pulling them under. About 225 million years ago, nearly all land was part of the supercontinent Pangaea, which has since broken apart, forming the continents in their current positions.
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1) The oceans are important sources of food, energy, minerals, and allow for transportation. They formed from water vapor in the atmosphere condensing over millions of years.
2) The oceans contain dissolved gases, salts, and other elements. Desalination plants remove salt from seawater to produce freshwater.
3) Ocean currents are large masses of water that circulate horizontally, powered by winds, and move different water temperatures in different directions around the globe.
Super Continents
Supercontinents are landmasses formed when continents collide and merge together. Some of the earliest proposed supercontinents include Vaalbara 3.5 billion years ago, Ur 3 billion years ago, and Kenorland 2.7 billion years ago. Later supercontinents included Columbia/Nuna/Hudsonland 1.8 billion years ago, Rodinia between 1.1-0.75 billion years ago, and Pannotia 750 million years ago. The most well known supercontinent, Pangaea, formed 300 million years ago before breaking apart. Scientists predict that in around 100 million years, a new supercontinent called Amasia will form when Asia collides with North America and other continents.
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The document discusses key facts about Earth as a planet:
- It is the densest planet in the solar system and has unique features like plate tectonics, liquid water, and life.
- Earth's internal structure includes an inner and outer core of iron and nickel and a mantle of iron-rich minerals. Both temperature and pressure increase with depth.
- Plate tectonics, which causes continents to slowly drift over millions of years, is responsible for major surface features and the three main rock types.
- Earth's atmosphere is composed primarily of nitrogen and oxygen and is divided into layers, with temperature decreasing in the troposphere but increasing in the stratosphere.
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The document discusses several theories about the origin of the universe and the solar system. It explains that the most widely accepted theory of the universe's origin is the Big Bang theory, which proposes that the universe rapidly expanded from an initial extremely hot and dense state around 13.8 billion years ago. For the origin of the solar system, it describes the nebular hypothesis, which suggests that the sun and planets formed from a rotating cloud of gas and dust. It also provides details about the planets in our solar system, including their names, sizes, orbital periods, and notable features.
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Continental drift and tectonic theory
Wegener observed that the continents appeared to fit together like puzzle pieces. He developed the theory of continental drift, which proposed that the continents slowly moved across Earth's surface over long periods of time. Wegener provided evidence from fossils, climate, earthquake locations, ocean ridges, and mountain ranges to support his theory. Later, the theory of plate tectonics was developed, explaining that continental drift occurs because Earth's crust is divided into plates that can move.
Earth's Moon
The document provides information about the Moon and its exploration history. It describes the Moon's size and distance from Earth. Key events in lunar exploration included Soviet missions in 1959 and US missions in the 1960s including Rangers, Lunar Orbiters, and Surveyors. The Apollo 11 mission in 1969 was the first to land humans on the Moon. The document discusses lunar geology, noting differences from Earth like the lack of an atmosphere, water, or plate tectonics. It describes lunar features such as maria, highlands, craters, and rilles. The formation of the Moon is also summarized.
Plate tectonics
The document summarizes the theory of plate tectonics. It explains that the Earth's crust is broken into plates that are constantly moving due to convection currents in the mantle. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent where plates pull apart and new crust is formed, convergent where plates crash together forming mountains or one plate slides under the other, and transform where plates slide past each other causing earthquakes. The theory developed from the theories of continental drift proposing the splitting of Pangaea and seafloor spreading explaining the patterns of aging rocks in the oceans. Together these theories explained how plate motions and interactions at their boundaries shape the Earth's surface over millions of years.
Moon's Properties and Characteristics
The document summarizes key facts about the Moon's properties, surface characteristics, composition and formation history. It discusses how lunar exploration began with Soviet and American space programs in the late 1950s and 1960s, culminating in the Apollo 11 mission landing in 1969. It describes the Moon's surface features like highlands, maria, impact craters and lack of atmosphere or water. The composition is similar to Earth, consisting mainly of silicates. The widely accepted theory is that the Moon formed from debris after a giant impact between Earth and a Mars-sized object over 4 billion years ago.
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Continental Drift theory suitable for online class
Continental Drift theory suitable for online class
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Our Solar System consists of 8 planets that orbit our star, the Sun. The planets can be remembered using the mnemonic "My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Noodles" to recall their order from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Our Solar System is located within the Milky Way galaxy, which contains billions of other stars. In addition to planets, our Solar System also includes smaller objects like asteroids, meteoroids, comets, and other space rocks and debris.
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Our Solar System is part of the Milky Way galaxy, which contains billions of stars. The Solar System contains 8 planets that orbit the Sun, including Earth. The 4 inner planets are terrestrial and rocky, while the 4 outer planets are gas giants. Other objects in our Solar System include comets, asteroids, and meteoroids. Comets are icy bodies that develop tails as they near the Sun. Asteroids orbit the Sun in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids are smaller pieces of asteroids and comets that can burn up in Earth's atmosphere and are called meteors, or land on Earth as meteorites. Gravity and inertia work together to keep objects like the planets and Moon in orbit around other
Solar System.ppt
Our Solar System is part of the Milky Way galaxy, which contains billions of stars. The Solar System contains 8 planets that orbit the Sun, including Earth. The 4 inner planets are terrestrial and rocky, while the 4 outer planets are gas giants. Other objects in our Solar System include comets, asteroids, and meteoroids. Comets are icy bodies that develop tails as they near the Sun. Asteroids orbit the Sun in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids are smaller pieces of asteroids and become meteors if they enter Earth's atmosphere. Gravity and inertia work together to keep objects like the planets and Moon in orbit around other larger bodies.
Solar System.ppt
Our Solar System is part of the Milky Way galaxy, which contains billions of stars. The Solar System contains 8 planets that orbit the Sun, including Earth. The 4 inner planets are terrestrial and rocky, while the 4 outer planets are gas giants. Other objects in our Solar System include comets, asteroids, and meteoroids. Comets are icy bodies that develop tails as they near the Sun. Asteroids orbit the Sun in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids are smaller pieces of asteroids and become meteors if they enter Earth's atmosphere or meteorites if they reach the ground. Gravity and inertia work together to keep objects like the planets and Moon in orbit around other larger bodies.
Our Solar system
Our Solar System is part of the Milky Way galaxy, which contains billions of stars. The Solar System contains 8 planets that orbit the Sun, including Earth. The 4 inner planets are terrestrial and rocky, while the 4 outer planets are gas giants. Other objects in our Solar System include comets, asteroids, and meteoroids. Comets are icy bodies that develop tails as they near the Sun. Asteroids orbit the Sun in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids are smaller pieces of asteroids and become meteors if they enter Earth's atmosphere or meteorites if they reach the ground. Gravity and inertia work together to keep objects like the planets and Moon in orbit around other larger bodies.
elementarygrade 1234scienceSolar System.ppt
Our Solar System is part of the Milky Way galaxy, which contains billions of stars. The Solar System contains 8 planets that orbit the Sun, including Earth. The 4 inner planets are terrestrial and rocky, while the 4 outer planets are gas giants. Other objects in our Solar System include comets, asteroids, and meteoroids. Comets are icy bodies that develop tails as they near the Sun. Asteroids orbit the Sun in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids are smaller pieces of asteroids and become meteors if they enter Earth's atmosphere. Gravity and inertia work together to keep objects like the planets and Moon in orbit around other larger bodies.
Solar system
Our Solar System is part of the Milky Way galaxy, which contains billions of stars. The Solar System contains 8 planets that orbit the Sun, including Earth. The 4 inner planets are terrestrial and rocky, while the 4 outer planets are gas giants. Other objects in our Solar System include comets, asteroids, and meteoroids. Comets are icy bodies that develop tails as they near the Sun. Asteroids orbit the Sun in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids are smaller pieces of asteroids and comets that can burn up in Earth's atmosphere and are called meteors, or land on Earth as meteorites. Gravity and inertia work together to keep objects like the planets and Moon in orbit around other
Solar-System.ppt
Our Solar System is part of the Milky Way galaxy, which contains billions of stars. The Solar System contains 8 planets that orbit the Sun, including Earth. The 4 inner planets are terrestrial and rocky, while the 4 outer planets are gas giants. Other objects in our Solar System include comets, asteroids, and meteoroids. Comets are icy bodies that develop tails as they near the Sun. Asteroids orbit the Sun in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Meteoroids are smaller pieces of asteroids and become meteors if they enter Earth's atmosphere. Gravity and inertia work together to keep objects like the planets and Moon in orbit around other larger bodies.
Astronomy
The document provides an overview of the solar system, including the sun, eight planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. It describes the characteristics of asteroids as mostly lying between Mars and Jupiter and having irregular shapes. Comets are described as large "dirty snowballs" that produce a glowing head and tail when approaching the sun. Meteoroids are small solid particles that can become meteors when entering Earth's atmosphere or meteorites if reaching the surface. The document also discusses the resolution that established three categories for objects in the solar system: planets, dwarf planets like Pluto, and small solar system bodies.
Solar system
The document summarizes the key components of our solar system. It describes the nine planets, including their characteristics and distinguishing features such as size, composition, orbital period, and presence of moons and rings. It classifies the planets into inner terrestrial planets such as Earth and Mars that are rocky, and outer gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn that are large and gaseous. The sun is identified as the central star that powers the solar system through nuclear fusion.
The solar system
The document summarizes key aspects of our solar system. It describes that the solar system includes 8 planets that orbit the sun, with 4 inner terrestrial planets closest to the sun (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars), and 4 outer gas giants further from the sun (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune). It also mentions that there are many moons orbiting the planets, and all objects in the solar system are held by the sun's gravity and make up our solar system.
Earth in Space
The document summarizes key facts about Earth:
- Earth is the third planet from the sun and formed around 4.5-4.6 billion years ago. It is the only known planet capable of sustaining life.
- With a diameter of around 8,000 miles, Earth is the fifth largest planet in the solar system and has one moon. The presence of water covering over 70% of the surface allows life to thrive.
- Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours and revolves around the sun once every 365 days, causing seasons and influencing climate.
solar system
The solar system consists of the Sun and everything that orbits around it, including 8 planets, dwarf planets, moons, comets, and asteroids. The Sun contains over 99% of the mass of the entire solar system. The terrestrial planets like Earth are rocky, while the gas giants like Jupiter are made of gas. Our solar system formed over 4.6 billion years ago and continues to be explored by spacecraft.
Solar system
The solar system consists of the Sun and everything that orbits around it, including 8 planets, dwarf planets, moons, comets, and asteroids. The Sun contains over 99% of the mass of the entire solar system. The terrestrial planets like Earth are rocky, while the gas giants like Jupiter are made of gas. Our solar system formed over 4.6 billion years ago and NASA's Voyager probes are exploring its outer limits.
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World Geography ( Disciplines, Earth, Sun, )
- 2. • Geography - Studies the Earth's surface. It also occupies a unique position in the field of knowledge due to the richness of its content. It also provides connecting links between among various disciplines.
- 3. • Arts and Humanities • Physical Sciences • Biological Sciences • Social Sciences • Mathematical Sciences
- 10. • Natural Science –Studies Nature ( water, landforms, minerals, soil, climate and the surface of the Earth)
- 12. • Artistic works, like paintings, sculptures, literature, music, dance
- 13. • Solar system -consists of the Sun and the Nine planets. (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. These 9 planets revolving around the sun follows elliptical orbits to maintain fine balance of the 2 opposing forces. (Gravitational Attraction, Centrifugal Force)
- 14. also known as GRAVITY, keeps the planets from sailing out into space as they revolve around the sunin their particular orbits
- 15. • This force tends to make moving bodies fly away from the center of rotation. • an apparent force that acts outward on a body moving around a center, arising from the body's inertia. Asteroids - group of planetary fragments Meteors - chaotic wanderers
- 16. - source of solar radiation also called sunlight - most important to the Earth and to the geographic study - center of the Solar System - richest source of electromagnetice energy (in the form of heat and light)
- 17. • is a minor planet bound to an extraordinary star in the outskirts of a galaxy known as Milky Way, far out in the immeasurable universe
- 18. • it is nearly but not exactly spherical, it is known that the Earth departs from a perfect sphere. • Equatorial diameter - 7,926 miles • Polar diameter - 7,900 miles • The earth is pear shaped or an oblate ellipsoid
- 20. • Crust- outermost layer that covers the Earth like a thin skin • composed of 3 kinds of rocks • Igneous-primary rocks of the Earth's crust • Sedimentary- cover much of the Earth surface, develop from materials that were once part of older rocks, plants, animals • Metamorphic- formed deep in the crust when igneous and sedimentary rocks are changed by heat and the weight of the crust presses on them
- 21. • Mantle- thick layer beneath the crust , it goes down about 1,800 miles or (2,900 km)
- 22. • Core- occupies the central region, center of the Earth • it's divided into zones • Inner core- radius about 780 miles is quite rigid • Outer core- its surrounding is almost liquid
- 23. • Rotation – rotates on its axis from west to east. – causes the alternatives of day and night • Revolution – motion of the Earth in its travel path or orbit around the Sun, west to east – Period of revolution is 1 year
- 24. • International Date line or also known as IDL, eliminated the problems on time • is the place where one calendar day ends and the next begins • an imaginary line located at 180 degrees longitude • Leap year- an extra day added to the calendar, every four years of February
- 25. • Seasons- are the divisions of the year into dry or wet, or into spring, autumn, summer and winter • Summer Solstice-days are longer in the Southern Hemisphere, Nights are longer in the Northern Hemisphere • Winter Solstice- days are longer in the Northern Hemisphere, Nights are longer in the Southern Hemisphere
- 26. • It is the equal day and night The Equinoxes • Vernal Equinox • Autumnal Equinox
- 28. • Dr. Cecilio D. Duka, World Geography, Rex Bookstore Inc., 2001