The document describes key characteristics of the Earth, including its shape as a geoid flattened at the poles. It discusses the geographical network of meridians and parallels that form the graticule for measuring latitude and longitude. It also covers the Earth's motions of translation, rotation, and precession. Seasons and equinoxes/solstices are explained in relation to the Earth's orbit and axial tilt. Time zones are defined based on 15-degree divisions of longitude, with adjustments of one hour per zone.

1. Characteristics of the
Earth
Juan Antonio García González
University of Castilla La Mancha
Geographying in the clouds ; -)
orcid.org/0000-0001-7049-1085

2. That
small
and that
big

3. Geoid: Spherical body flattened by the poles
It is wonderful. Why?

4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_W280R_Jt8&list=PL
NYev5GGl3wybdp4YlGBPaFbNHds2NE_K&index=11

6. GEOGRAPHICAL
NETWORK

7. GEOGRAPHICAL
NETWORK
•The number of
meridians is infinite.
Equal intervals (15º) are
usually represented
from a reference
meridian (Greenwich).

8. GEOGRAPHICAL NETWORK
•The poles are the points on which the
geographical network is based arise from the
points that cut the axis of rotation with the
earth's crust.

9. MERIDIANS
Meridians are maximum circles of direction
North-South and whose ends converge in
the poles and their maximum separation is
in the Ecuador

10. Parallel
Parallels are smaller circles
obtained in planes parallel to
the equator (single maximum
parallel).
They always lead East-West
direction
Cut meridians at right angles
(except poles)
The number of parallels is
infinite

11. An arc of parallel
measured in
degrees between
a point and the
main meridian
(180º E - 180º W)
Longitud
LONGITUDE

12. The longitude varies between 0º and 180º East or West
Meridian is the geometric location of all points of equal long.
The land is 40.075 km in Ecuador 1st corresponds to 111 km
In parallel 60, 1º is 55,5 km.

13. Arc of meridian measured in degrees
between a point and the equator.
(90º E - 90º W)
LATITUDE

14. MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH
Translation: around the sun (365 days)
Rotation: around a diametrical and inclined
axis (24 hours)
Precession
Do these movements condition man's
relationship with the environment? How?

16. Top
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Precession-nutation-xyz-ES.svg
Precession
is a change
in the
orientation
of the
rotation
axis of a
rotating
body

17. During its revolution around the sun, the earth is
farthest from the sun (152 million km on 4th July).
This position of the earth is called aphelion.
On 3rd January, the earth is the nearest to the sun
(147 million km). This position is called perihelion.
Therefore, the annual insolation received by the earth
on 3rd January is slightly more than the amount
received on 4th July.

18. https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Seasons1.svg

19. https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi
txer:Earths_orbit_and_ecliptic
.PNG
https://www.generalknowledg
ebook.com/2019/04/motions-
of-earth-ncert-class-6-
geography-chapter-3.html

20. https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zyj9v4j/revision/3

21. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Orbital_relations_of_the_Solstice,_Equinox_%26_Interve
ning_Seasons.svg

22. EQUINOCCIO
https://www.flickr.com/photos/florida_photo_guy/40747750171

23. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth-lighting-winter-solstice_EN.png
Earth-lighting-winter-solstice

24. SOLSTICIO DE INVIERNO
• The night is longer than day in the northern
hemisphere and vice versa in the south.
• The inequality between day and night
increases as we move away from the equator.
• At symmetrical latitudes, the durations of day
and night are exactly the opposite. From the
polar circle the "night" is 24 hours.
• In the tropic of capricorn the solar incidence
at midday is 90º.

25. http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ipg/outlines/lecture_earth_sun_relations.html

27. https://doc-14-cc-
docs.googleusercontent.com/docs/securesc/ha0ro937gcuc7l7deffksulhg5h7mbp1/9nh4d912hcs
ac1lkkn8149nurgq9vamg/1568397600000/00809378720451084419/*/0B5VyLtHqnDzkTkQxejV
BMHZzWFE

28. https://sites.google.com/site/1oesounit1/the-earth-s-orbit

29. Summer solstice Hammerfest
23st June, Midnight

30. ANALEMMA
https://verne.elpais.com/verne/2017/12/23/
articulo/1514049323_820824.html
In astronomy,
an analemma is a diagram
showing the position of
the Sun in the sky, as seen
from a fixed location on
Earth at the same mean
solar time

31. TIME ZONES

32. TIME ZONES
The meridian where the
sun strikes at its maximum
angle is called the midday
meridian and the opposite
midnight meridian.
Add another 22 meridians
separated by 15 degrees
each making up the 24
hours

33. TIME ZONES

37. TIME ZONE EXERCISES
Two hours and one coordinate
Two coordinates and one hour
Hours are subtracted and passed to measure
Add or subtract the length is passed to
hours and added or subtracted
• 1 h. ---------------- 15º
• 1 min.---------- 15’
• 1 sec. -------- 15’’
From west to east the clock goes forward

38. A city is at 0º at 6 a.m. What time
will they be in another city located
at 32º13'32'' LE?
TIME ZONE EXERCISES

45. http://www.backbaybytes.com/
keepcalm/pin.php?i=http://i.img
ur.com/2tSkUaD.jpg

46. https://nios.ac.in/online-course-material/sr-secondary-courses/Geography-(316).aspx
https://www.pmfias.com/
https://pixabay.com/
http://www.physicalgeography.net/
https://www.geografiainfinita.com/2015/03/espana-y-su-huso-horario/
THANKS TO….

47. Thanks for your attention, you can follow us in
“Geografiando en las nubes ;-)”
@JGARCIAGONZALEZ
garciagonzalez.juanantonio@gmail.com
http://www.youtube.com/user/garciotum1?feature=mhee
“Geographying in the clouds ;-)”
http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=139061635&trk=tab_pro
http://es.slideshare.net/JuanAntonioGarciaGonzlez
http://pinterest.com/geografiando/boards/
http://geografiandoenlasnubes.blogspot.com.es/
http://www.scoop.it/u/dr-juan-antonio-garcia-gonzalez
https://plus.google.com/u/0/105941284089211583758/posts
http://www.facebook.com/juanantonio.garciagonzalez.37