Word formation is the process by which new words are created in a language. There are several methods of word formation, including coinage, borrowing, compounding, derivation, blending, acronyms, abbreviations, onomatopoeia, clipping, and hybridization. Languages are constantly evolving through word formation processes as new concepts and inventions arise over time. Word formation allows languages to remain dynamic and productive.

1. 1
Word-formation is the creation of a new word in a language.
*How new words are being formed in the language.
*Word formation is of great interest for linguists as it sheds light on other
aspects of language.
WORD-FORMATION

2. 2
*Because of new inventions and changes
*Language is dynamic
*vast amount of new inventions made in the 20th and 21st
*One of the distinctive properties of human language is productivity
or creativity.

3. 3
1- Coinage (Google, Blog)
2- Eponym (watt, boycott)
3- Borrowing (Shampoo, Café)
4- Calque (hot-dog)
5- Compounding (water-park)
6- Derivation (Singer)
7- Blending (Brunch)
8- Backformation (editor-edit)
9- Acronym (RADAR, PIN)
10-Abbreviation (NBU, KSA)
11- Onomatopoeia (Buzz, hush)
12- Clipping (fridge)
13- Hybridization (Aquaphobia)
14- Arabicization( mobilaat)

4. 4
*The word formation process of inventing entirely new words
*Ex: robotics (1941)
* genocide (1943)
* black hole (1968)
*blog, internet, google, Aspirine.

5. 5
New words based on names of persons/place.
*volt [ Alessandro Volta, Italian]
*watt [James Watt, Scot scientist]
*boycott [Charles Boycott, Irish]
*fahrenheit [Gabriel Farenheit, German scientist]

6. 6
*Borrowing is the process of actually borrowing words from foreign languages.
*Borrowed words are also called “loan words”.
SOME BORROWED WORDS
Latin: interim, memorandum, agenda, p.m. and a.m., sponsor.
Greek : pneumonia, panorama, psychoanalysis, psychology, python
French: bureau, café, chauffeur, abattoir, attaché, á la carte
Sanskrit: chakra, mahatma, nirvana, musk
Hindi -avatar, bungalow, jungle, pajamas, verandah, shampoo, yoga, pundit,
cheetah

7. 7
Direct translation of the element of a word into the borrowing language.
Ex: Spanish from English
perros calientes (dog hot)= hot dog

8. 8
Compounding is the process of putting words together to build a new
one that ''does not denote two things, but one'' and that is ''pronounced
as one unit''
Ex: -handbag=hand + bag;
-wallpaper=wall + paper;
-fingerprint=finger + print;
-sunburn=sun + burn,

9. 9
Derivation, as ''the most common word formation process'', builds new words by
adding morphemes word formation by affixes.
By prefixes: un-usual , mis-pronounce
mis-lead, dis-respect
By suffixes: care-less, child-ish
faith-ful
prefix and suffix: dis-loyal-ty
un-erring-ly

10. 10
A blending is a combination of two or more words to create a new one, usually
by taking the beginning of the other word and the end of the other one.
Ex: brunch =breakfast+ lunch
motel = motor + hotel
smog = smoke + fog

11. 11
nouns > verbs: reduction of nouns to form verbs
Ex: television = televise
donation = donate
option = opt
emotion = emote
enthusiasm = enthuse
editor = edit

12. 12
*Word from initials of a set of words.
Ex:
SCUBA -Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
RADAR -Radio Detection And Ranging
LASER –Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
PIN-Personal Identification Number

13. 13
Initialisms are pronounced ''as a sequence of letters'‘
KSA- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
NBU- Northern Border University
USA- United States of America

14. 14
This special type of word that depicts ''the sound associated with what
is named'‘
Ex: buzz, hiss, sizzle, cuckoo, crash, bang, hush, tick tack, etc.

15. 15
Shortening of a poly-syllabic word.
Types: back clipping, fore-clipping, middle and complex clipping
Ex:
fanatic = fan
telephone= phone
gasoline = gas
influenza = flu
gym, lab, exam, math, prof.

16. 16
Creating a new word by combining two or more words from the two or more different source
of languages.
E.g. Zahrat-ul-lotus
In the above example we can see zahra is a word from Arabic language and Lotus from
English languagae.
Cinema-al-atoor