This document summarizes a study that analyzed native pollinator species in the northern Chihuahuan Desert for infections of Wolbachia pipientis bacteria and Varroa destructor mites. 87 Mexican carpenter bees, 18 Africanized honey bees, and several wasp species were tested. DNA was extracted from the insects and tested via PCR for the presence of Wolbachia using 16S rDNA primers and for insect identification using cytochrome oxidase primers. None of the species tested positive for Varroa mites. The results will help agricultural communities utilize more native pollinators.
Bumble bees are important pollinators that are experiencing population declines across North America. Several factors threaten bumble bees, including habitat loss and fragmentation, pesticide use, diseases, and climate change. This document provides guidelines for creating high-quality habitat to help conserve and restore bumble bee populations, including providing diverse foraging areas, nesting sites, and overwintering areas, as well as responsible pesticide use and commercial rearing practices.
Three studies investigated factors that affect the decline of honeybee populations. A 2011 Indian study found that electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones interfered with honeybees' navigational abilities and reduced queen egg-laying. A 2011 study showed that pesticide residues in brood comb delayed honeybee development and shortened lifespans. A 2014 study described gut parasites like Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae as increasing honeybee mortality, though the parasites' biology was poorly understood. While these studies highlighted various physical, chemical, and biological factors impacting honeybee populations, their conclusions had limitations due to imprecise discussions of mechanisms and physiological effects.
The document discusses colony collapse disorder (CCD) which is causing bee populations to rapidly decline worldwide. CCD leaves empty bee colonies containing untouched honey and pollen. Several factors are contributing to CCD, including pesticides, pathogens, poor bee nutrition/health from industrial farming practices, and lack of genetic diversity. The widespread use of pesticides and moving bee hives globally has allowed diseases and parasites to spread more easily. If CCD continues unabated, it could significantly impact global food production and economies that rely on pollinators. The document raises concerns about the effects of consuming honey that may contain residues from pesticides and diseases.
Implications of the Infestation Rates of Wolbachia pipientis and Oxyspirura p...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that examined the infection rates of Wolbachia pipientis and Oxyspirura petrowi in
Brachystola magna grasshoppers. Sixty-nine B. magna grasshoppers were collected from southern New Mexico and tested.
Thirty percent tested positive for W. pipientis and 49% tested positive for O. petrowi, most of which were female grasshoppers.
B. magna can serve as an intermediate host for O. petrowi, which causes an eyeworm disease that is reducing quail
populations. The study aims to better understand the interactions between these parasites and insects in the ecosystem.
This study surveyed honey bee colonies in urban, rural, and agricultural areas to examine potential exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides. Beebread (stored pollen) and wax samples were tested for residues of imidacloprid and other neonicotinoids. Samples from agricultural areas were more likely to contain detectable residues of thiamethoxam and clothianidin than rural or urban samples. The maximum residue found was 3.9 ppb of imidacloprid. A risk assessment found the residues posed a low potential for negative effects on bee behavior or health based on a no observable adverse effect concentration. The study aimed to understand pesticide exposure risks to bees foraging near agricultural and urban landscapes.
This document summarizes a study on the development of resistance to Bt corn by the spotted stem borer (Chilo partellus) in Kenya over four generations. The study found significantly fewer surviving borers from Bt corn events expressing Cry1Ab and Cry1Ba toxins compared to non-Bt corn. There was no significant difference between the two Bt events. Additionally, there was no evidence that the borer population developed resistance to the Cry toxins over the generations studied, indicating Bt corn can effectively control this pest.
The Plight of the Honeybee- National Geographic Name __.docxssusera34210
The Plight of the Honeybee- National Geographic Name: ____________________________
Reading Comprehension Questions
Vocabulary
1)neonicotinoids
2) colony collapse disorder
3) pollinator
4) carrying capacity
5) parasite
6)immune suppressed
7)biofuel
1) Discuss how the 2012-2013 data cited in the article support the idea of dwindling bee populations.
2) Why are bees important to the food industry?
3) What is the link between disease and compromised immune systems?
4) How has a reduction in optimal environmental conditions affected bee populations?
5) How do pesticides negatively impact honeybees?
6) Do you feel that pesticide companies should disclose both active and inert ingredients?
Why or why not?
+
7) How does biofuel production impact bee survival?
http://news.nationalgeographic.com
The Plight of the Honeybee
Billions of dollars—and a way of life—ride on saving pollinators
Bees are back in the news this spring, if not back in fields pollinating this summer's crops. The European Union (EU)has announced that it will ban,for two years, the use of neonicotinoids, the much-maligned pesticide group often fingered in honeybee declines. The U.S. hasn't followed suit, though this year a group of beekeepersand environmental and consumer groups sued the EPA for not doing enough to protect bees from the pesticide onslaught.
For the last several years scientists have fretted over the future of bees, and although research has shed much light on the crisis, those in the bee business—from hive keepers to commercial farmers—say the insects remain in deep trouble as their colonies continue to struggle.
The current crisis arose during the fall of 2006 as beekeepers around the country reported massive losses—more than a third of hives on average and up to 90 percent in some cases. Bees were flying away and simply not coming back; keepers would find boxes empty of adult bees except for a live queen. No bee corpses remained to tell the tale. The losses were unprecedented and fast.
Now it's five years later, and though colony collapse disorder (CCD)—the name given to the mysterious killer condition—has dwindled in the manner of cyclical diseases, bees are still battling for their lives and their colonies are weaker than ever. The latest data, from the 2012-2013 winter, indicate an average loss of 45.1 percent of hives across all U.S. beekeepers, up 78.2 percent from the previous winter, and a total loss of 31.1 percent of commercial hives, on par with the last six years. (Most keepers now consider a 15 percent loss "acceptable.")
Unprecedented Pollinator Crisis
Why keep worrying over the fate of a bunch of pesky stinging insects? Bees in their crucial role as pollinators are paramount. Western nations rely heavily on managed honeybees—the "moveable force" of bees that ride in trucks from farm to farm—to keep commercial agriculture productive. About a third of our foods (some 100 key crops) rely on these insects, in ...
Honey bee survival mechanisms against the parasiteHaloCantik
This document summarizes a literature review of 153 studies on honey bee survival mechanisms against the parasitic mite Varroa destructor. It finds that honey bee survival is largely explained by resistance mechanisms, including behaviors like grooming and hygienic removal of mite-infested brood. While many traits are involved, the studies identified no common molecular pathways for resistance or tolerance. Understanding how the different traits interact could help direct future research and breeding programs to develop bee populations that can survive without acaricide treatments.
Bumble bees are important pollinators that are experiencing population declines across North America. Several factors threaten bumble bees, including habitat loss and fragmentation, pesticide use, diseases, and climate change. This document provides guidelines for creating high-quality habitat to help conserve and restore bumble bee populations, including providing diverse foraging areas, nesting sites, and overwintering areas, as well as responsible pesticide use and commercial rearing practices.
Three studies investigated factors that affect the decline of honeybee populations. A 2011 Indian study found that electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones interfered with honeybees' navigational abilities and reduced queen egg-laying. A 2011 study showed that pesticide residues in brood comb delayed honeybee development and shortened lifespans. A 2014 study described gut parasites like Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae as increasing honeybee mortality, though the parasites' biology was poorly understood. While these studies highlighted various physical, chemical, and biological factors impacting honeybee populations, their conclusions had limitations due to imprecise discussions of mechanisms and physiological effects.
The document discusses colony collapse disorder (CCD) which is causing bee populations to rapidly decline worldwide. CCD leaves empty bee colonies containing untouched honey and pollen. Several factors are contributing to CCD, including pesticides, pathogens, poor bee nutrition/health from industrial farming practices, and lack of genetic diversity. The widespread use of pesticides and moving bee hives globally has allowed diseases and parasites to spread more easily. If CCD continues unabated, it could significantly impact global food production and economies that rely on pollinators. The document raises concerns about the effects of consuming honey that may contain residues from pesticides and diseases.
Implications of the Infestation Rates of Wolbachia pipientis and Oxyspirura p...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that examined the infection rates of Wolbachia pipientis and Oxyspirura petrowi in
Brachystola magna grasshoppers. Sixty-nine B. magna grasshoppers were collected from southern New Mexico and tested.
Thirty percent tested positive for W. pipientis and 49% tested positive for O. petrowi, most of which were female grasshoppers.
B. magna can serve as an intermediate host for O. petrowi, which causes an eyeworm disease that is reducing quail
populations. The study aims to better understand the interactions between these parasites and insects in the ecosystem.
This study surveyed honey bee colonies in urban, rural, and agricultural areas to examine potential exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides. Beebread (stored pollen) and wax samples were tested for residues of imidacloprid and other neonicotinoids. Samples from agricultural areas were more likely to contain detectable residues of thiamethoxam and clothianidin than rural or urban samples. The maximum residue found was 3.9 ppb of imidacloprid. A risk assessment found the residues posed a low potential for negative effects on bee behavior or health based on a no observable adverse effect concentration. The study aimed to understand pesticide exposure risks to bees foraging near agricultural and urban landscapes.
This document summarizes a study on the development of resistance to Bt corn by the spotted stem borer (Chilo partellus) in Kenya over four generations. The study found significantly fewer surviving borers from Bt corn events expressing Cry1Ab and Cry1Ba toxins compared to non-Bt corn. There was no significant difference between the two Bt events. Additionally, there was no evidence that the borer population developed resistance to the Cry toxins over the generations studied, indicating Bt corn can effectively control this pest.
The Plight of the Honeybee- National Geographic Name __.docxssusera34210
The Plight of the Honeybee- National Geographic Name: ____________________________
Reading Comprehension Questions
Vocabulary
1)neonicotinoids
2) colony collapse disorder
3) pollinator
4) carrying capacity
5) parasite
6)immune suppressed
7)biofuel
1) Discuss how the 2012-2013 data cited in the article support the idea of dwindling bee populations.
2) Why are bees important to the food industry?
3) What is the link between disease and compromised immune systems?
4) How has a reduction in optimal environmental conditions affected bee populations?
5) How do pesticides negatively impact honeybees?
6) Do you feel that pesticide companies should disclose both active and inert ingredients?
Why or why not?
+
7) How does biofuel production impact bee survival?
http://news.nationalgeographic.com
The Plight of the Honeybee
Billions of dollars—and a way of life—ride on saving pollinators
Bees are back in the news this spring, if not back in fields pollinating this summer's crops. The European Union (EU)has announced that it will ban,for two years, the use of neonicotinoids, the much-maligned pesticide group often fingered in honeybee declines. The U.S. hasn't followed suit, though this year a group of beekeepersand environmental and consumer groups sued the EPA for not doing enough to protect bees from the pesticide onslaught.
For the last several years scientists have fretted over the future of bees, and although research has shed much light on the crisis, those in the bee business—from hive keepers to commercial farmers—say the insects remain in deep trouble as their colonies continue to struggle.
The current crisis arose during the fall of 2006 as beekeepers around the country reported massive losses—more than a third of hives on average and up to 90 percent in some cases. Bees were flying away and simply not coming back; keepers would find boxes empty of adult bees except for a live queen. No bee corpses remained to tell the tale. The losses were unprecedented and fast.
Now it's five years later, and though colony collapse disorder (CCD)—the name given to the mysterious killer condition—has dwindled in the manner of cyclical diseases, bees are still battling for their lives and their colonies are weaker than ever. The latest data, from the 2012-2013 winter, indicate an average loss of 45.1 percent of hives across all U.S. beekeepers, up 78.2 percent from the previous winter, and a total loss of 31.1 percent of commercial hives, on par with the last six years. (Most keepers now consider a 15 percent loss "acceptable.")
Unprecedented Pollinator Crisis
Why keep worrying over the fate of a bunch of pesky stinging insects? Bees in their crucial role as pollinators are paramount. Western nations rely heavily on managed honeybees—the "moveable force" of bees that ride in trucks from farm to farm—to keep commercial agriculture productive. About a third of our foods (some 100 key crops) rely on these insects, in ...
Honey bee survival mechanisms against the parasiteHaloCantik
This document summarizes a literature review of 153 studies on honey bee survival mechanisms against the parasitic mite Varroa destructor. It finds that honey bee survival is largely explained by resistance mechanisms, including behaviors like grooming and hygienic removal of mite-infested brood. While many traits are involved, the studies identified no common molecular pathways for resistance or tolerance. Understanding how the different traits interact could help direct future research and breeding programs to develop bee populations that can survive without acaricide treatments.
This document summarizes a capstone project that studied pollinator values at three sites - the DiTullio Homestead, Water Tower Hill, and Roger's Landing. The author recorded plant species and their pollinator values on a scale of 0-3 at each site using 1m x 1m plots. The results provide information on the best pollinator plants and habitats for bees and other insects at each location. The goal was to identify high-value plants suitable for home gardens to attract native pollinators.
This study tested the effects of two commercially available entomopathogenic nematodes used for biological pest control on bumble bees (Bombus terrestris). Both nematode products caused high mortality rates (≥80%) in bees within 96 hours of exposure to soil containing nematodes at the recommended field concentration. Of particular concern, one product containing a mixture of Heterorhabditis and Steinernema nematodes was able to proliferate in the carcasses of dead bees, potentially allowing infection of an entire bee colony or spread into the wider environment. The results suggest entomopathogenic nematodes sold for biological pest control pose a threat to bee populations.
Pratylenchus vulnus is a plant-pathogenic nematode that infects the roots of many plants, including Persian walnut, grapes, citrus, stone fruits, and berries. It causes lesions on roots that reduce plant vigor and yield. P. vulnus has a wide host range and is established throughout California, where it is a primary cause of tree decline. Management strategies include nematicides, hot water treatment of roots, and using tolerant rootstocks, though options are now more limited since the loss of methyl bromide and DBCP.
Eriophyoid Mites as Weed Biological Control Agenteidmk230
Eriophyoid mites have potential as biological control agents for invasive weeds. Several species of eriophyoid mites have been successfully introduced and established to control various weed species. Examples discussed include Aceria chondrillae, which forms galls on Chondrilla juncea (skeleton weed) in Australia, reducing its growth and reproduction. Aceria malherbae also forms galls on Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed), limiting its flowering and seed production. Eriophyoid mites have advantages as biological control agents, including high host specificity, ability to reduce plant fitness, and rapid reproduction. However, their effectiveness can be impacted by environmental conditions, host plant resistance,
Eriophyoid Mites as Weed Biological Control Agenteidmk230
This document summarizes research on using eriophyoid mites as biological control agents for weeds. It discusses how eriophyoid mites can reduce weed fitness and competitiveness with crops. Several species of eriophyoid mites have been released and established to control specific weed targets, including Aceria chondrillae for skeleton weed, Aceria malherbae for field bindweed, and Aculus hyperici for St. John's wort. Factors that influence the potential of eriophyoid mites as biological control agents are also reviewed, as well as prospects for future research on identifying new mite species that could help control problematic native and invasive weeds.
Biological Control to Maintain Natural Densities of Insects and Mites by Fiel...Premier Publishers
In the present study, the biological control of insects and mites to maintain their natural densities by field releases of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is analyzed. Female lady beetles may lay from 20 to more than 1000 eggs over a one to three month period, near prey such as aphids in protected sites on leaves and stems. Lady beetles have hefty appetites and one tiny alligator like larva can eat over two dozen aphids a day, and single adult can eat over twice of that much. In other words, one larva will eat about 400 medium-size aphids during its development to pupal stage and an adult lady beetle may eat over 5,000 aphids during its lifetime (about a year). Usually, reddish-orange lady beetles eat aphids, and darker ones more often eat spider mites, whiteflies and scale insects. The best time to release lady beetles into garden is late in afternoon or at sundown, which can encourage them to stay for night and find suitable food and protection. Dampen the ground or plants before releasing of lady beetles, can encourage them to stay and drink water. About 1000 lady beetles can rid an acre of ground from most of soft-bodied pests and release beetles at base of plants at 20 feet apart or more so that they can hunt for food. Ability of collected lady beetles to reproduce is suspended (reproductive diapause), so eggs are not produced for several weeks after release. Pre-fed lady beetles prior to release can allow some eggs maturation, but few researchers or companies also provide such pre-conditioned lady beetles. The trends of prey devouring demonstrate profound effects that lady beetle may have on target and non-target pests, and highlight their importance for initiating of biological control programs.
Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi. The majority have double-stranded RNA genomes and are transmitted intracellularly through cell division and fusion, without being released from the host fungus. They can reduce fungal growth and pathogenicity. Baculoviruses are viruses that infect insects and arthropods. They have double-stranded DNA genomes and are commonly used as biological insecticides targeting specific pest insects. Examples include viruses used against gypsy moths and codling moths. Baculoviruses are safe for use as they cannot replicate in mammals or plants and are host-specific to insect species.
This thesis examines whey-based fungal microfactories using the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium to control hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA). Microfactory production was characterized using different combinations of sweet whey and conidia concentration. Adding 10% sweet whey increased conidia production 42-fold. Microfactories were also produced on hemlock foliage, increasing conidia and HWA mortality. Antimicrobials were evaluated for compatibility with L. muscarium to limit competition from other microbes. Whey-based microfactories show potential for controlling HWA by increasing fungal growth and conidia production in the environment.
The document discusses the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) for controlling insect pest populations. It provides background on the history and development of SIT, including its initiation in the 1930s to control screwworm fly. SIT involves mass rearing insects, sterilizing males via radiation or chemicals, and releasing the sterile males to mate with wild females. This results in no offspring and population decline over time. Current SIT targets include various fly and mosquito species. Requirements for effective SIT implementation include methods for mass rearing, sterilization without affecting male competitiveness, and overwhelming the native population ratio with sterile insects. The technique has successfully eradicated several pests and provides a species-specific
The document discusses various fungi species and their interactions with other organisms. It notes that forestry practices are harming saproxylic fungi communities and some fungi species are disappearing. It then discusses the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae which infects but repels insects without harming other species. Several extracts from fungi such as Agarikon and Red Belted Polypore show promise for controlling insects and potential antiviral properties. Studies on their effects for reducing bee stress are also mentioned.
The Biological Control of Pests Research Unit (BCPRU) conducts research on developing biological and environmentally-friendly pest management methods. It works on mass production and delivery of beneficial organisms, as well as classical biocontrol of invasive pests. Current research includes rearing economically important insect species, identifying compounds for invasive ant control, and using pathogens to manage invasive plants. The BCPRU is working to improve mass production methods for predatory mites and ladybird beetles to control spider mites and aphids. It is also studying the social immunity of fire ants to identify better biological control agents, and developing methods to microencapsulate the fungus Trichoderma for controlling insect pests.
Effects of Chemical Constituents on Insect Pest Population in West African Ok...IOSR Journals
This study examined the effects of chemical constituents on insect pest populations in different genotypes of West African okra (Abelmoschus caillei). Six genotypes were obtained from a germplasm collection and evaluated in a field experiment. Results showed that three genotypes (NGAE-96-0067, NGAE-96-0123, and CEN 10) attracted fewer insects, had lower leaf and pod damage, and contained higher levels of chemical constituents that conferred resistance to insects. These three genotypes are recommended for farmers despite insect attacks due to their economic value. A positive correlation was found between insect damage and reduced seed yield, indicating that insect resistance is important for okra production. The study concluded that antixen
This document discusses potential methods for controlling lethal yellowing disease (LYD) in coconut palms, which is caused by phytoplasma bacteria and spread by insect vectors. It first provides background on LYD and describes current control challenges like the inability to culture phytoplasma. Then it discusses several potential control approaches, including:
1. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system or entomopathogenic fungi to control the disease-causing phytoplasma bacteria or their insect vectors.
2. Breeding resistant coconut varieties, though current breeding efforts are outpaced by rising disease incidence.
3. Integrated pest management using traditional vector control plus novel techniques like manipulating symb
To deal with pests, such as mealybugs or spider mites, most farmers use chemical pesticides which can impact health, pollute water supplies through runoff, and, if pesticides are misused or overused, can actually kill plants. You can avoid toxic chemicals by using natural pest control methods instead. Taking a preventative approach will also save you time and MONEY. The following presentation presents ways in which we can fight pests without using pesticides.
Wheat stem sawflies are a major pest for wheat crops, causing over $350 million in damage annually. They lay eggs inside wheat stems, where the larvae feed and cut the stems. Native parasitoid wasps that feed on sawfly larvae can help reduce damage. This study explores using diverse plantings of native wildflowers along wheat field edges to increase parasitoid populations and lifespan through providing nectar, which could help decrease sawfly infestation. Results showed higher sawfly infestation near fallow fields, parasitoids living longer with nectar access, and lower infestation correlated with higher plant diversity along edges.
Abstract— There are numerous threats that affect bee populations worldwide such as exposure to pesticides; genetic diversity, poor nutrition and the impact of pathogens. Between them, Ascosphaera apis is the etiological agent of chalkbrood disease that affects honeybees brood. To understand the biology of this pathogen, we revised the phylogeny, morphology, and sexual reproduction. The pathogenesis, closely related to the factors that affect the virulence the A. apis and their interactions with the host, are determinant at moment of developing chalkbood. The honeybee develops several strategies to defend themselves from these pathogens. First, the individual immunity mechanisms such us perithrophic membrane, the microbiota of midgut larvae and the humoral and cellular immunity are the first defense barriers against A. apis. Later, other mechanisms would appear, related to the social immunity, such as their social organization, the polyandry, the hygienic behavior and the social fever, that change the environmental conditions in the bee colony reducing A. apis viability. However, other pathogens such as Nosema spp, Varroa destructor, several viruses, and the presence of pesticides affect the sanitary status of the honeybee allowing the fungus to develop easily. Finally, we describe to our knowledge, the best three natural alternatives that could be studied in order to employ them in field trails.
Global bee colony_disorder_and_threats_insect_pollinatorsPatricio Crespo
1. Pollination is vital for many global food crops as over 70 crop species depend on animal pollinators like bees.
2. Studies show pollinator populations have been declining in recent decades due to factors like habitat loss and pesticides.
3. This raises concerns about a potential "pollinator crisis" and threats to food security as pollinators are important for crop production worldwide. Specific concerns include declining honey bee populations and stability of managed hives.
Befriending Farm Allies by Nancy Lee Adamson, CFSA SAC 2016Nancy Adamson
Befriending Farm Allies—Pollinators, Predators, Parasitoids, (and Prey!)
Floral diversity on farms supports pollinators and many other beneficial insects. But, who are they? Join Nancy to learn about some of our coolest farm allies--the most common types of bees, flies, wasps, and other wildlife that help ensure healthy harvests. The program highlight habitat needs of bees and other beneficial insects (food and nesting), farming practices that support them, and Farm Bill programs to enhance diversity on farms. Planting suggestions focus on structure and management, though some specific plants are highlighted. In a separate program, Debbie Roos focused more on the specific plants that support pollinators. To learn more about pollinator conservation and conservation biological control, visit www.xerces.org or www.nrcs.usda.gov. Contact nancy@xerces.org or 336-370-3443.
Nancy is a partner biologist with the Xerces Society and the USDA NRCS East National Technology Support Center (ENTSC). She loves sharing her understanding of our native bees, native plants, and other wildlife, and helping people appreciate how diversity supports our well-being. With Xerces and the ENTSC she supports pollinator conservation through habitat protection and restoration on farm lands. She earned her doctoral degree in entomology with research on bees important for crop pollination (view some of her videos on native bees and plants at https://www.youtube.com/user/MelittologyNancy). She ran the horticulture and Master Gardener programs for Frederick County, Maryland’s Cooperative Extension. She conducted botanical surveys for the New Jersey Natural Heritage Program and the wildflower seed company Bloomin’ Natives. She ran the educational programs and the native plant nursery at Adkins Arboretum after earning a master’s degree in horticulture with an emphasis on native plants. She worked as a farmhand at Wheatland Vegetable Farms, restored wetlands with Environmental Quality Resources, and taught at Echo Hill Outdoor School. A former Peace Corps volunteer in Tunisia, she also worked as an intern with the Nicaragua-U.S. Friendship Office and with Cultural Survival in Petén, Guatemala. To learn more about pollinator conservation through planting habitat, minimizing pesticide use, and sharing awareness of the importance of native bees, visit www.xerces.org. Contact: Nancy@xerces.org or 336-370-3443.
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in the world. They are commonly used on over 90% of US corn crops but multiple studies have found they have negative effects on bees even at low concentrations. While neonicotinoids are effective against pests, their use poses a dilemma as they may be contributing to colony collapse disorder and harming bee populations. Recent field studies more accurately representing real world conditions have strengthened the link between neonicotinoids and bee harms. However, those in the agricultural and chemical industries argue neonicotinoids are safe when used as directed. Further research is still needed to fully understand the risks neonicotinoids may pose to pollinators.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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This document summarizes a capstone project that studied pollinator values at three sites - the DiTullio Homestead, Water Tower Hill, and Roger's Landing. The author recorded plant species and their pollinator values on a scale of 0-3 at each site using 1m x 1m plots. The results provide information on the best pollinator plants and habitats for bees and other insects at each location. The goal was to identify high-value plants suitable for home gardens to attract native pollinators.
This study tested the effects of two commercially available entomopathogenic nematodes used for biological pest control on bumble bees (Bombus terrestris). Both nematode products caused high mortality rates (≥80%) in bees within 96 hours of exposure to soil containing nematodes at the recommended field concentration. Of particular concern, one product containing a mixture of Heterorhabditis and Steinernema nematodes was able to proliferate in the carcasses of dead bees, potentially allowing infection of an entire bee colony or spread into the wider environment. The results suggest entomopathogenic nematodes sold for biological pest control pose a threat to bee populations.
Pratylenchus vulnus is a plant-pathogenic nematode that infects the roots of many plants, including Persian walnut, grapes, citrus, stone fruits, and berries. It causes lesions on roots that reduce plant vigor and yield. P. vulnus has a wide host range and is established throughout California, where it is a primary cause of tree decline. Management strategies include nematicides, hot water treatment of roots, and using tolerant rootstocks, though options are now more limited since the loss of methyl bromide and DBCP.
Eriophyoid Mites as Weed Biological Control Agenteidmk230
Eriophyoid mites have potential as biological control agents for invasive weeds. Several species of eriophyoid mites have been successfully introduced and established to control various weed species. Examples discussed include Aceria chondrillae, which forms galls on Chondrilla juncea (skeleton weed) in Australia, reducing its growth and reproduction. Aceria malherbae also forms galls on Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed), limiting its flowering and seed production. Eriophyoid mites have advantages as biological control agents, including high host specificity, ability to reduce plant fitness, and rapid reproduction. However, their effectiveness can be impacted by environmental conditions, host plant resistance,
Eriophyoid Mites as Weed Biological Control Agenteidmk230
This document summarizes research on using eriophyoid mites as biological control agents for weeds. It discusses how eriophyoid mites can reduce weed fitness and competitiveness with crops. Several species of eriophyoid mites have been released and established to control specific weed targets, including Aceria chondrillae for skeleton weed, Aceria malherbae for field bindweed, and Aculus hyperici for St. John's wort. Factors that influence the potential of eriophyoid mites as biological control agents are also reviewed, as well as prospects for future research on identifying new mite species that could help control problematic native and invasive weeds.
Biological Control to Maintain Natural Densities of Insects and Mites by Fiel...Premier Publishers
In the present study, the biological control of insects and mites to maintain their natural densities by field releases of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is analyzed. Female lady beetles may lay from 20 to more than 1000 eggs over a one to three month period, near prey such as aphids in protected sites on leaves and stems. Lady beetles have hefty appetites and one tiny alligator like larva can eat over two dozen aphids a day, and single adult can eat over twice of that much. In other words, one larva will eat about 400 medium-size aphids during its development to pupal stage and an adult lady beetle may eat over 5,000 aphids during its lifetime (about a year). Usually, reddish-orange lady beetles eat aphids, and darker ones more often eat spider mites, whiteflies and scale insects. The best time to release lady beetles into garden is late in afternoon or at sundown, which can encourage them to stay for night and find suitable food and protection. Dampen the ground or plants before releasing of lady beetles, can encourage them to stay and drink water. About 1000 lady beetles can rid an acre of ground from most of soft-bodied pests and release beetles at base of plants at 20 feet apart or more so that they can hunt for food. Ability of collected lady beetles to reproduce is suspended (reproductive diapause), so eggs are not produced for several weeks after release. Pre-fed lady beetles prior to release can allow some eggs maturation, but few researchers or companies also provide such pre-conditioned lady beetles. The trends of prey devouring demonstrate profound effects that lady beetle may have on target and non-target pests, and highlight their importance for initiating of biological control programs.
Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi. The majority have double-stranded RNA genomes and are transmitted intracellularly through cell division and fusion, without being released from the host fungus. They can reduce fungal growth and pathogenicity. Baculoviruses are viruses that infect insects and arthropods. They have double-stranded DNA genomes and are commonly used as biological insecticides targeting specific pest insects. Examples include viruses used against gypsy moths and codling moths. Baculoviruses are safe for use as they cannot replicate in mammals or plants and are host-specific to insect species.
This thesis examines whey-based fungal microfactories using the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium to control hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA). Microfactory production was characterized using different combinations of sweet whey and conidia concentration. Adding 10% sweet whey increased conidia production 42-fold. Microfactories were also produced on hemlock foliage, increasing conidia and HWA mortality. Antimicrobials were evaluated for compatibility with L. muscarium to limit competition from other microbes. Whey-based microfactories show potential for controlling HWA by increasing fungal growth and conidia production in the environment.
The document discusses the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) for controlling insect pest populations. It provides background on the history and development of SIT, including its initiation in the 1930s to control screwworm fly. SIT involves mass rearing insects, sterilizing males via radiation or chemicals, and releasing the sterile males to mate with wild females. This results in no offspring and population decline over time. Current SIT targets include various fly and mosquito species. Requirements for effective SIT implementation include methods for mass rearing, sterilization without affecting male competitiveness, and overwhelming the native population ratio with sterile insects. The technique has successfully eradicated several pests and provides a species-specific
The document discusses various fungi species and their interactions with other organisms. It notes that forestry practices are harming saproxylic fungi communities and some fungi species are disappearing. It then discusses the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae which infects but repels insects without harming other species. Several extracts from fungi such as Agarikon and Red Belted Polypore show promise for controlling insects and potential antiviral properties. Studies on their effects for reducing bee stress are also mentioned.
The Biological Control of Pests Research Unit (BCPRU) conducts research on developing biological and environmentally-friendly pest management methods. It works on mass production and delivery of beneficial organisms, as well as classical biocontrol of invasive pests. Current research includes rearing economically important insect species, identifying compounds for invasive ant control, and using pathogens to manage invasive plants. The BCPRU is working to improve mass production methods for predatory mites and ladybird beetles to control spider mites and aphids. It is also studying the social immunity of fire ants to identify better biological control agents, and developing methods to microencapsulate the fungus Trichoderma for controlling insect pests.
Effects of Chemical Constituents on Insect Pest Population in West African Ok...IOSR Journals
This study examined the effects of chemical constituents on insect pest populations in different genotypes of West African okra (Abelmoschus caillei). Six genotypes were obtained from a germplasm collection and evaluated in a field experiment. Results showed that three genotypes (NGAE-96-0067, NGAE-96-0123, and CEN 10) attracted fewer insects, had lower leaf and pod damage, and contained higher levels of chemical constituents that conferred resistance to insects. These three genotypes are recommended for farmers despite insect attacks due to their economic value. A positive correlation was found between insect damage and reduced seed yield, indicating that insect resistance is important for okra production. The study concluded that antixen
This document discusses potential methods for controlling lethal yellowing disease (LYD) in coconut palms, which is caused by phytoplasma bacteria and spread by insect vectors. It first provides background on LYD and describes current control challenges like the inability to culture phytoplasma. Then it discusses several potential control approaches, including:
1. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system or entomopathogenic fungi to control the disease-causing phytoplasma bacteria or their insect vectors.
2. Breeding resistant coconut varieties, though current breeding efforts are outpaced by rising disease incidence.
3. Integrated pest management using traditional vector control plus novel techniques like manipulating symb
To deal with pests, such as mealybugs or spider mites, most farmers use chemical pesticides which can impact health, pollute water supplies through runoff, and, if pesticides are misused or overused, can actually kill plants. You can avoid toxic chemicals by using natural pest control methods instead. Taking a preventative approach will also save you time and MONEY. The following presentation presents ways in which we can fight pests without using pesticides.
Wheat stem sawflies are a major pest for wheat crops, causing over $350 million in damage annually. They lay eggs inside wheat stems, where the larvae feed and cut the stems. Native parasitoid wasps that feed on sawfly larvae can help reduce damage. This study explores using diverse plantings of native wildflowers along wheat field edges to increase parasitoid populations and lifespan through providing nectar, which could help decrease sawfly infestation. Results showed higher sawfly infestation near fallow fields, parasitoids living longer with nectar access, and lower infestation correlated with higher plant diversity along edges.
Abstract— There are numerous threats that affect bee populations worldwide such as exposure to pesticides; genetic diversity, poor nutrition and the impact of pathogens. Between them, Ascosphaera apis is the etiological agent of chalkbrood disease that affects honeybees brood. To understand the biology of this pathogen, we revised the phylogeny, morphology, and sexual reproduction. The pathogenesis, closely related to the factors that affect the virulence the A. apis and their interactions with the host, are determinant at moment of developing chalkbood. The honeybee develops several strategies to defend themselves from these pathogens. First, the individual immunity mechanisms such us perithrophic membrane, the microbiota of midgut larvae and the humoral and cellular immunity are the first defense barriers against A. apis. Later, other mechanisms would appear, related to the social immunity, such as their social organization, the polyandry, the hygienic behavior and the social fever, that change the environmental conditions in the bee colony reducing A. apis viability. However, other pathogens such as Nosema spp, Varroa destructor, several viruses, and the presence of pesticides affect the sanitary status of the honeybee allowing the fungus to develop easily. Finally, we describe to our knowledge, the best three natural alternatives that could be studied in order to employ them in field trails.
Global bee colony_disorder_and_threats_insect_pollinatorsPatricio Crespo
1. Pollination is vital for many global food crops as over 70 crop species depend on animal pollinators like bees.
2. Studies show pollinator populations have been declining in recent decades due to factors like habitat loss and pesticides.
3. This raises concerns about a potential "pollinator crisis" and threats to food security as pollinators are important for crop production worldwide. Specific concerns include declining honey bee populations and stability of managed hives.
Befriending Farm Allies by Nancy Lee Adamson, CFSA SAC 2016Nancy Adamson
Befriending Farm Allies—Pollinators, Predators, Parasitoids, (and Prey!)
Floral diversity on farms supports pollinators and many other beneficial insects. But, who are they? Join Nancy to learn about some of our coolest farm allies--the most common types of bees, flies, wasps, and other wildlife that help ensure healthy harvests. The program highlight habitat needs of bees and other beneficial insects (food and nesting), farming practices that support them, and Farm Bill programs to enhance diversity on farms. Planting suggestions focus on structure and management, though some specific plants are highlighted. In a separate program, Debbie Roos focused more on the specific plants that support pollinators. To learn more about pollinator conservation and conservation biological control, visit www.xerces.org or www.nrcs.usda.gov. Contact nancy@xerces.org or 336-370-3443.
Nancy is a partner biologist with the Xerces Society and the USDA NRCS East National Technology Support Center (ENTSC). She loves sharing her understanding of our native bees, native plants, and other wildlife, and helping people appreciate how diversity supports our well-being. With Xerces and the ENTSC she supports pollinator conservation through habitat protection and restoration on farm lands. She earned her doctoral degree in entomology with research on bees important for crop pollination (view some of her videos on native bees and plants at https://www.youtube.com/user/MelittologyNancy). She ran the horticulture and Master Gardener programs for Frederick County, Maryland’s Cooperative Extension. She conducted botanical surveys for the New Jersey Natural Heritage Program and the wildflower seed company Bloomin’ Natives. She ran the educational programs and the native plant nursery at Adkins Arboretum after earning a master’s degree in horticulture with an emphasis on native plants. She worked as a farmhand at Wheatland Vegetable Farms, restored wetlands with Environmental Quality Resources, and taught at Echo Hill Outdoor School. A former Peace Corps volunteer in Tunisia, she also worked as an intern with the Nicaragua-U.S. Friendship Office and with Cultural Survival in Petén, Guatemala. To learn more about pollinator conservation through planting habitat, minimizing pesticide use, and sharing awareness of the importance of native bees, visit www.xerces.org. Contact: Nancy@xerces.org or 336-370-3443.
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in the world. They are commonly used on over 90% of US corn crops but multiple studies have found they have negative effects on bees even at low concentrations. While neonicotinoids are effective against pests, their use poses a dilemma as they may be contributing to colony collapse disorder and harming bee populations. Recent field studies more accurately representing real world conditions have strengthened the link between neonicotinoids and bee harms. However, those in the agricultural and chemical industries argue neonicotinoids are safe when used as directed. Further research is still needed to fully understand the risks neonicotinoids may pose to pollinators.
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
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A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
AI for Legal Research with applications, toolsmahaffeycheryld
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.