The document provides an agenda for a class on the Byzantine Empire, including assignments, topics for discussion, and planned lectures. It outlines project requirements, suggests comparison topics, and notes homework policies. Several questions are posed about Byzantine geography, history, art, and influence. An upcoming lecture on the early Byzantine period and capital of Constantinople is also mentioned.

1. WK8 Agenda
• Project 8 per group: members by Jan 18, 2009
• Pick one topic for multiple comparison project:
religion, music, art, language and literature
• Discussion
• Byzantine Lecture
• Homework (-2 per week for late work)
• Amazing points
• Fishbone
• Exam Result

2. Byzantine Discussion
• What do you think of Byzantine?
• Where is it?
• When was it?
• Who do you know?
• Why should we know about it? Better Thai
than Byzantine?
• How did we know about it?

3. Byzantine, Medieval World
• Roman influenced: The Byzantine, Islamic,
and Early-Medieval Western Worlds
• No clear beginning date: successors of the
Roman empire, Constantine vs. Diocletian or
Justinian

4. Byzantine
• Geography Reasons for
moving:
– Political stability
– Economic advantage:
cross roads of Europe
and Asia
• Who moved the capital
city to here?
• How many church?
• What other cities do
you think of?

5. Early Byzantine
• Capital city at
Constantinople
• Constantine granted
Decree of Milan 313 AD.
– Equal rights between
Christian and Roman
– Christian could be
government official
– Christian could own asset
– Christian could practice
religious activities
• Official religion of empire
in 391 AD.

6. Early Byzantine
• Early Christian art:
– Mosaic
– archivolt
• Sant-Apollinare Nuovo
• St. John Studios
• Marble transenna or
screen
• Copied Greek literature
What’s the official
language?

7. Byzantine, 1st Golden Age
• Justinian 527-565 AD.
– Theodora
– Justinian fought hard to win
back the West (largest
empire)
– Active role in religion: “One
God, one empire, one
religion”
– Justinian Code: Corpus Juris
Civilis
• Foundation for most
European law
– Goal was to centralize
government
• Impose legal and
doctrinal conformity

8. Byzantine, 1st Golden Age
• Volts, Dome Basilica
• Pendentive architecture:
-Cathedral of Saint Sophia
(Holy Wisdom)
– Symbolize the inward and
spiritual character of the
Christian religion
– Little appearance on the outside
– Beautiful mosaics and marble
columns inside
– Lighting/windows : floating
– Dome in square
• Ivory carving: Justinian as
Conqueror: Barberini Ivory
• Jewelry making: gold
• Silk

9. Byzantine, 1st Golden Age
• Heraclius: 610-641 AD.
– Much greater Eastern influence
– Challenged by the Persian armies which
already won all the Asian territories

10. Iconoclastic Controversy
• Leo the Isaurian
(Iconoclastic emperor) 717-
741 AD.
– Defeated the Arab troop with
Greek fire: a mixture of
sulfur, naphtha and quicklime
– Enforced ban on images in
Eastern churches (Today
survival art works come from
Italy and Palestine)
• Result?
– East and West religious
disputes (patriarch vs.
pope)
– Images and Icons
• Education of women
– Tutoring at home

11. Second Golden Age
• Icon pictures
• Paris Psalter(Psalms of
David)
• St. Mark in Venice
– 4 square domes at the
corners
– More space
• Agriculture, Industrial
• International trade
– Import:
• Luxurious goods from the
East
– Export:
• Raw material

12. Second Golden Age
• 1054 AD:Greek Orthodox Separation
• 1060 AD: The holy land was under Muslim.
• 1071 AD Seljuks invasion: Battle of Manzikurt
• Byzantine asked help from Western Europe (Pope
Urban II)
• 1096-1099 AD: First Crusade
– France, German, and
Italy traveled 3 years to
Jerusalem and the
Outremer
• Saladin Muslim leader
fought back at Edessa
(2nd Crusade)

13. Late Byzantine
• 1189-1192 AD: 3rd Crusade:
Richard the lion heart of
England battled at Acre
• 1204-1261 AD: 4th Crusade:
Crusaders invaded
Constantinople and
governed for 60 years
– Templar, Teutonic, Hospitaller
• 1453 AD: End of the empire,
Sultan Mehmet II renovated
the city and renamed it to
Istanbul

14. Stability of the Byzantine
• Occasional able rulers
• Efficient bureaucratic government:
– Support education(opposite of the Latin West): literate laity
– Support religion
– Support economic: regulated prices and wages, maintained
system of licensing
What organization in the government will benefit from this
kind of structure?
• Firm economic base:
– Import:
• Far Eastern luxurious
– Export
• Silk, gold and silver coinage

15. Western Debt to Byzantine
• Acted as a wall for Europe against Islam
• Helped preserve classical Greek learning
• Influence western art: St. Mark’s basilica in
Venice, Giotto and El Greco works

16. Byzantine
Time Politic, Economic, Knowledge, Art: Painting, Literature, Drama
Society Philosophy, Religion Sculpture, Architecture
Technology
395 AD Capital city at Byzantium or Edict of Milan, Spread of Christian art: Mosaic, Greek literature
East and West Constantinople Christianity, Council of Nicea, archivolt
Roman Empire Bureaucratic government: active role from the emperor Sant-Aplollinare Nuovo
476 AD. Byzantine: behind the scene, St. John Studios
End of the Western complexity Marble transenna or screen
Empire
527-565 AD. Justinian Largest empire, Justinian Code Volts, Dome Basilica
1st Golden Age Pendentive architecture:
Cathedral of Saint Sophia
610-641 AD. Heraclius Greek fire, Silk, Ivory carving: Barberini
Ivory,
jewelry making,
726-843 AD. Emperor Leo the Isaurian: Persian Educated woman
Iconoclastic threat,
Controversy
900-1200 AD. Agriculture, Industrial, Official language: Greek, St. Mark in Venice
Second Golden Age International trade, Religion: Greek Orthodox Icon picture
1071 AD. Seljuks invasion: Battle Church, Patriarch Paris Psalter(Psalms of
of Manzikurt 1054 AD :Greek Orthodox David)
1096-1099 AD. Separation
First Crusade
1200-1 453 AD. 1204-1261 AD.
Ottoman Turk Crusade invasion
invasion 1453 AD: End of the empire,
Sultan Mehmet II renovated the
city and renamed it to Istanbul

17. Homwork
• Table for high and later middle ages (10th to
15th century)

18. Exam Amazing Points
• How do geography affect civilization? Location effect to your business? Already talked
about this many times even in the review lecture!
• Know the countries and sea but wrong river? Nile river is in Europe?
– Greek and pyramid?
– Indus and Parthenon? We already mentioned Parthenon in the multiple choice and
you wrote with Indus civilization?
– Know Parthenon in short answer but answered incorrectly in multiple choice?
• Are you Buddhist?
• Basilicas instead of ziggurats? Shouldn’t you confuse between ziggurat and pyramid?
• Logical reasoning:
– Blank?
– It’s old? Long time?
– Medicine? Then…what civilization is the father of medicine?