Wireless power transfer can transmit electrical energy without wires through near-field techniques like inductive coupling and resonant inductive coupling over short distances, or far-field techniques like microwave and laser beam transmission over longer distances. It has advantages of being convenient and reducing transmission losses but higher costs. Research is ongoing to improve efficiency and commercialize the technology for applications in consumer electronics, transportation, and providing energy access.
What is wireless power transmission(WPT)?
Why is WPT?
History of WPT
Types of WPT
Techniques to transfer energy wirelessly
Advantages and disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion
References
What is wireless power transmission(WPT)?
Why is WPT?
History of WPT
Types of WPT
Techniques to transfer energy wirelessly
Advantages and disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion
References
One of the major issue in power system is the losses occurs during the transmission and distribution of electrical power. As the demand increases day by day, the power generation increases and the power loss is also increased. The major amount of power loss occurs during transmission and distribution. The percentage of loss of power during transmission and distribution is approximated as 26%. The main reason for power loss during transmission and distribution is the resistance of wires used for grid. The efficiency of power transmission can be improved to certain level by using high strength composite overhead conductors and underground cables that use high temperature super conductor. But, the transmission is still inefficient. According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), India’s electricity grid has the highest transmission and distribution losses in the world – a whopping 27%. Numbers published by various Indian government agencies put that number at 30%,40% and greater than 40%. This is attributed to technical losses (grid’s inefficiencies) and theft. Any problem can be solved by state of the art technology. The above discussed problem can be solvedby choose an alternative option for power transmission which could provide much higher efficiency, low transmission cost and avoid power theft. Microwave Power Transmission is one of the promising technologies and may be the righteous alternative for efficient power transmission.
In this paper, I present the concept of Solar Power Satellites -The solar cells in the satellite will convert sunlight to electricity, which will changed to radio frequency energy, then beamed to a receiver site on earth and reconverted to electricity by using transmitting and receiving antenna with the technology of wireless power transmission (i.e., transmitting power as microwaves in order to reduce the transmission and distribution losses). This concept is also known as Microwave Power Transmission.
Long conductors of electricity forming part of an electric circuit and electrically connecting said ionized beam to an electric circuit These methods achieve longer ranges, often multiple kilometer ranges, where the distance is much greater than the diameter of the devices to overcome these drawbacks the technology that offers to free applications from power cords and wall warts will confer a definite salable edge on electronic devices. Applications that would benefit from wireless power range from portable consumer electronics, such as cell phones and MP3 players, which could jettison their wall warts and power adapters, to low-power wireless-sensor networks, which could be free of frequent battery replacement, to medical implants in patients who could avoid surgery to replace batteries
This ppt explains how to develop a device for wireless power transfer. It can make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering and eliminates conventional copper cables and current carrying wires.
One of the major issue in power system is the losses occurs during the transmission and distribution of electrical power. As the demand increases day by day, the power generation increases and the power loss is also increased. The major amount of power loss occurs during transmission and distribution. The percentage of loss of power during transmission and distribution is approximated as 26%. The main reason for power loss during transmission and distribution is the resistance of wires used for grid. The efficiency of power transmission can be improved to certain level by using high strength composite overhead conductors and underground cables that use high temperature super conductor. But, the transmission is still inefficient. According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), India’s electricity grid has the highest transmission and distribution losses in the world – a whopping 27%. Numbers published by various Indian government agencies put that number at 30%,40% and greater than 40%. This is attributed to technical losses (grid’s inefficiencies) and theft. Any problem can be solved by state of the art technology. The above discussed problem can be solvedby choose an alternative option for power transmission which could provide much higher efficiency, low transmission cost and avoid power theft. Microwave Power Transmission is one of the promising technologies and may be the righteous alternative for efficient power transmission.
In this paper, I present the concept of Solar Power Satellites -The solar cells in the satellite will convert sunlight to electricity, which will changed to radio frequency energy, then beamed to a receiver site on earth and reconverted to electricity by using transmitting and receiving antenna with the technology of wireless power transmission (i.e., transmitting power as microwaves in order to reduce the transmission and distribution losses). This concept is also known as Microwave Power Transmission.
Long conductors of electricity forming part of an electric circuit and electrically connecting said ionized beam to an electric circuit These methods achieve longer ranges, often multiple kilometer ranges, where the distance is much greater than the diameter of the devices to overcome these drawbacks the technology that offers to free applications from power cords and wall warts will confer a definite salable edge on electronic devices. Applications that would benefit from wireless power range from portable consumer electronics, such as cell phones and MP3 players, which could jettison their wall warts and power adapters, to low-power wireless-sensor networks, which could be free of frequent battery replacement, to medical implants in patients who could avoid surgery to replace batteries
This ppt explains how to develop a device for wireless power transfer. It can make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering and eliminates conventional copper cables and current carrying wires.
The scope of transmission of energy is now possible, all it needs is implementation. There is a lot of power loss due to wired mechanism. This ppt describes many possible solutions.
A lot of power is wasted due to wired mechanism which could be solved by wireless energy transmission throughout the world.
The advantages and some disadvantages are mentioned in the presentation.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
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4. One of the major issues in power system is the losses
occurring during the transmission and distribution of
electrical power.
The percentage of loss of power during transmission
and distribution is approximated as 26%.
The main reason for power loss during transmission
and distribution is the resistance of wires used in grid.
losses in the world – a whopping 27-40%.
Tesla has proposed methods of transmission of
electricity using electromagnetic induction.
INTRODUCTION
4
5. As the word wireless means “without wire”.
Wireless energy transfer or wireless power is the transmission of
electrical energy from a power source to an electric load without
interconnecting man made conductors.
Wireless transmission is useful in cases where interconnecting
wires are inconvenient, hazardous or impossible.
DEFINITION
5
6. As per studies,
most electrical
energy transfer
is through
wires.
Most of
the
energy
loss is
during
transmis
sion
On an
average
, more
than
30%
In
India, it
exceed
s 40%
WHY NOT WIRES??
6
8. Nikola Tesla in late
1890s
Pioneer of induction techniques
His vision for “World Wireless System”
The 187 feet tall tower to broadcast energy
All people can have access to free energy • Due to shortage of funds, tower
did not operate
HISTORY
8
9. Tesla was able to transfer energy from one coil to another
coil
He managed to light 200 lamps from a distance of 40km
The idea of Tesla is taken in to research after 100 years by
a team led by Marin Soljačić from MIT. The project is
named as ‘WiTricity’.
HISTORY
(continued)
9
10. TYPES AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WPT
Microwave
Power
Transmissi
on (MPT)
LASER
power
transmissi
on
Inductive
Coupling
Resonant
Inductive
Coupling
Air
Ionization
Near-field
techniques
Far-field
techniques
10
11. NEAR FIELD
Near field is a wireless transmission technique over distances
comparable to or a few times the diameter of devices.
Near field is usually magnetic.
Near field energy is non radiative .but some radiative and
resistive losses will occur.
11
12. • Short range – INDUCTIVE
COUPLING
• Medium range – RESONANT
INDUCTION
• Long range power transfer
– ELECTROMEGNETIC WAVE
There are
mainly 3
major types
of wireless
energy
transfer:--
12
14. INDUCTIVE COUPLING(CONTD…)
Electric brush also charges using inductive coupling
The charging pad (primary coil) and the
device(secondary coil) have to be kept very near to each
other It is preferred
because it is
comfortable.
Less
use
of
wires
Sh
oc
k
pro
of
14
16. AIR IONIZATION
Toughest technique under near-field
energy transfer techniques Air ionizes
only when there is a high field
Needed field is 2.11MV/m
Natural example: Lightening
Not feasible for practical implementation 16
17. WiTricity
Based on resonance inductive
coupling
Energy transfer wirelessly for
a distance just more than 2m.
Used frequencies are 1MHz
and 10MHz
17
19. ADVANTAGES OF NEAR-FIELD TECHNIQUE
No wires
No e-waste
Efficient energy transfer using RIC
Harmless, if field strengths under safety levels
Maintenance cost is less
19
22. MICROWAVE POWER TRANSFER(MPT)
Transfers high power from one place to another.
Two places being in line of sight usually
Electrical energy to
microwave energy
Capturing microwaves
using rectenna
Microwave energy to
electrical energy
STEPS
22
23. MP T
(CONTD…)
AC can not be directly converted to microwave
energy
AC is converted to DC first
DC is converted to microwaves using
magnetron
Transmitted waves are received at rectenna which
rectifies, gives DC as the output
DC is converted back to AC
23
25. LASER TRANSMISSION
LASER is highly directional, coherent
Not dispersed for very long
But, gets attenuated when it propagates through atmosphere
Simple receiver
Photovoltaic cell
Cost-efficient
25
26. LASER METHOD
In the case of electromagnetic radiation closer to visible
region of spectrum (10s of microns (um) to 10s of nm), power
can be transmitted by converting electricity into a laser beam
that is then pointed at a solar cell receiver. This mechanism is
generally known as "power beaming" because the power is
beamed at a receiver that can convert it to usable electrical
energy.
LASER PHOTOVOLAT
IC
CELLS
BEAM FOCUS
CURRENT CURRENT
26
27. SOLAR POWER SATELLITES
(SPS)
To provide energy to earth’s increasing
energy need
To efficiently make use of renewable energy i.e.,
solar energy
SPS are placed in geostationary
orbits
27
28. SPS
(CONTD…)
Solar energy is captured using
photocells
Each SPS may have 400 million
photocells
Using rectenna/photovoltaic cell, the energy is
converted to electrical energy
Efficiency exceeds 95% if microwave
is used.
Transmitted to earth in the form of microwaves/LASER
28
31. Rectenna in US
Rectenna in US receives 5000MW of power from SPS and
about one and a half mile long
31
32. FUTURE SCOPE OF
WITRICITYMIT's WiTricity is only 40 to 45% efficient and according to
Soljacic, they have to be twice as efficient to compete with the
traditional chemical batteries. The team's next aim is to get a
robotic vacuum or a laptop working, charging devices placed
anywhere in the room and even robots on factory floors. The
researchers are also currently working on the health issues related
to this concept and have said that in another three to five years’
time, they will come up with a WiTricity system for commercial
use.
if successful will definitely change the way we live. Imagine cell
phones, laptops, digital camera's getting self-charged! Wow! Let's
hope the researchers will be able to come up with the commercial
system soon.
32
33. ADVANTAGES OF FAR-FIELD ENERGY TRANSFER
Efficient
Easy
Need for grids, substations etc are
eliminated
Low maintenance cost
More effective when the transmitting and
receiving points are along a line-of-sight
Can reach the places which are
remote 33
34. DISADVANTAGES OF FAR-FIELD ENERGY TRASNFER
34
Radiative
Need line of sight
Initial cost is high
When LASER’S are used,
•Conversion is inefficient
•Absorption is High
When Microwaves are used,
•Interference may arised
35. APPLICATIONS
Solar Power Satellites
Energy to remote areas
Can broadcast energy
globally (in future)
Electric automobile charging
Static and moving
Consumer electronics
Industrial purposes
Near-field energy
transfer
Far-field energy
transfer
35
38. LIMITATIONS
The resonance condition should be satisfied and if any error
exists, there is no possibility of power transfer.
If there is any possibility of very strong ferromagnetic
material presence causes low power transfer due to radiation.
38
39. CONCLUSION
Efficient
Low maintenance cost. But, high initial
cost
Better than conventional wired transfer
Energy crisis can be decreased
Low loss
In near future, world will be completely
wireless
Transmission without wires- a reality
39
40. REFERENCES
S. Sheik Mohammed, K. Ramasamy, T. Shanmuganantham,” Wireless power
transmission – a next generation power transmission system”, International
Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) (Volume 1 – No. 13)
Peter Vaessen,” Wireless Power Transmission”, Leonardo Energy,
September 2009 u C.C. Leung, T.P. Chan, K.C. Lit, K.W. Tam and Lee Yi
Chow, “Wireless Power Transmission and Charging Pad”
David Schneider, “Electrons unplugged”, IEEE Spectrum, May 2010
Shahrzad Jalali Mazlouman, Alireza Mahanfar, Bozena Kaminska, “Mid-
range Wireless Energy Transfer Using Inductive Resonance for Wireless
Sensors”
Chunbo Zhu, Kai Liu, ChunlaiYu, Rui Ma, Hexiao Cheng, “Simulation and
Experimental Analysis on Wireless Energy Transfer Based on Magnetic
Resonances”, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC),
September 3-5, 2008
40