This document discusses wireless power transfer (WPT), where electrical energy is transmitted through electromagnetic fields without physical connections like wires. WPT works by using a transmitter device powered by electricity to generate a time-varying electromagnetic field that transmits power through space to a receiver device, which extracts the power. The key technologies discussed are inductive coupling using coils, resonant inductive coupling (RIC) which improves efficiency, and microwave and laser systems for far-field wireless power transmission. WPT has applications for powering devices where wires are inconvenient as well as for transmitting solar power from satellites.
Wireless power transfer (WPT), wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission, or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires. Wireless power transmission technologies use time-varying electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields. Wireless transmission is useful to power electrical devices where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or are not possible.
Wireless power transmission technology is not a new technology. In 1980, it was demonstrated by Nikola Telsa. ... The name wireless power transmission states the transfer of electrical power from a source to an electrical device without the help of wires. Basically, it involves two coils: a transmitter and a receiver coil.
Introduction to Wireless Power Transfer and WitricityMln Phaneendra
Wireless Power Transfer has the ability to deliver major advancements in industries and applications that are dependent on physical, contacting connectors, which can be unreliable and prone to failure.
What is wireless power transmission(WPT)?
Why is WPT?
History of WPT
Types of WPT
Techniques to transfer energy wirelessly
Advantages and disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion
References
Wireless power transfer, wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission, or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires as a physical link.
Wireless power transfer (WPT), wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission, or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires. Wireless power transmission technologies use time-varying electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields. Wireless transmission is useful to power electrical devices where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or are not possible.
Wireless power transmission technology is not a new technology. In 1980, it was demonstrated by Nikola Telsa. ... The name wireless power transmission states the transfer of electrical power from a source to an electrical device without the help of wires. Basically, it involves two coils: a transmitter and a receiver coil.
Introduction to Wireless Power Transfer and WitricityMln Phaneendra
Wireless Power Transfer has the ability to deliver major advancements in industries and applications that are dependent on physical, contacting connectors, which can be unreliable and prone to failure.
What is wireless power transmission(WPT)?
Why is WPT?
History of WPT
Types of WPT
Techniques to transfer energy wirelessly
Advantages and disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion
References
Wireless power transfer, wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission, or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires as a physical link.
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Session Overview
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Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
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WPT new (1).pptx
1.
2. INTRODUCTION
Wireless power transfer (WPT), wireless power transmission, wireless
energy transmission (WET), or electromagnetic power transfer is the
transmission of electrical energy without wires as a physical link. In a
wireless power transmission system, a transmitter device, driven by
electric power from a power source, generates a time-varying
electromagnetic field, which transmits power across space to a
receiver device, which extracts power from the field and supplies it to
an electrical load. The technology of wireless power transmission can
eliminate the use of the wires and batteries, thus increasing the
mobility, convenience, and safety of an electronic device for all users.
Wireless power transfer is useful to power electrical devices where
interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or are not
possible.
4. What in WPT?
The transmission of energy from one place to
another without using wires.
Conventional energy transfer is using wires
But, the wireless transmission is made possible by
using various technologies.
5. Why not wires?
As per studies, most electrical energy transfer is through
wires.
Most of the energy loss is during transmission
On an average, more than 30%
n India, it exceeds 40%
Why WPT?
Reliable
Efficient
Fast
Low maintenance cost
Can be used for short-range or long-range.
6. HISTORY
Nikola Tesla in late 1890s .Pioneer of induction
techniques his vision for “World Wireless
System” The 187 feet tall tower to broadcast
energy. All people can have access to free energy
due to shortage of funds, tower did not operate
Tesla was able to transfer energy from one coil
to another coil He managed to light 200 lamps
from a distance of 40km The idea of Tesla is
taken in to research after 100 years by a team
led by Marin Soljačić from MIT. The project is
named as WiTricity
7. ENERGY COUPLING
The transfer of energy
Magnetic coupling
Inductive coupling
Simplest Wireless Energy coupling is a transformer
TYPES AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WPT
Near-field techniques
Inductive Coupling
Resonant Inductive Coupling
Air Ionization
Far-field techniques
Microwave Power Transmission (MPT)
LASER power transmission
8. INDUCTIVE COUPLING
Primary and secondary coils are not connected with wires.
Energy transfer is due to Mutual Induction
Transformer is also an example Energy transfer devices are
usually aircored Wireless Charging Pad(WCP),electric
brushes are some examples On a WCP, the devices are to be
kept, battery will be automatically charged.
Electric brush also charges using inductive coupling.The
charging pad (primary coil) and the device(secondary coil)
have to be kept very near to each other It is preferred
because it is comfortable. Less use of wires Shock proof.
9. Resonance Inductive Coupling(RIC)
Combination of inductive coupling and resonance.
Resonance makes two objects interact very strongly.
Inductance induces current.
How resonance in RIC?
Coil provides the inductance
Capacitor is connected parallel to the coil
Energy will be shifting back and forth between magnetic
field surrounding the coil and electric field around the
capacitor
Radiation loss will be negligible
Block Diagram of RIC
An Example
10. WiTricity
Based on RIC
Led by MIT‟s Marin Soljačić
Energy transfer wirelessly for a distance just more than 2m.
Coils were in helical shape
No capacitor was used
Efficiency achieved was around 40%
WiTricity… Some statistics
Used frequencies are 1MHz and 10MHz
At 1Mhz, field strengths were safe for human
At 10MHz, Field strengths were more than ICNIRP standards
11. WiTricity now…
No more helical coils
Companies like Intel are also working on devices that make use of RIC
Researches for decreasing the field strength
Researches to increase the range.
RIC vs. inductive coupling.
RIC is highly efficient
RIC has much greater range than inductive coupling
RIC is directional when compared to inductive coupling
RIC can be one-to-many. But usually inductive coupling is one-to-one
Devices using RIC technique are highly portable.
12. Air Ionization
Toughest technique under near-field energy transfer techniques
Air ionizes only when there is a high field
Needed field is 2.11MV/m
Natural example: Lightening
Not feasible for practical implementation
Advantages of near-field techniques
No wires
No e-waste
Need for battery is eliminated
Efficient energy transfer using RIC
Harmless, if field strengths under safety levels
Maintenance cost is less
13. Disadvantages
Distance constraint
Field strengths have to be under safety levels
Initial cost is high
In RIC, tuning is difficult
High frequency signals must be the supply
Air ionization technique is not feasible
Far-field energy transfer
Radiative
Needs line-of-sight
LASER or microwave
Aims at high power transfer
Tesla‟s tower was built for this
14. Microwave Power Transfer(MPT)
Transfers high power from one place to another. Two places being in line of sight usually
• Steps:
Electrical energy to microwave energy.
Capturing microwaves using rectenna.
Microwave energy to electrical energy.
AC can not be directly converted to microwave energy
AC is converted to DC first
DC is converted to microwaves using magnetron
Transmitted waves are received at rectenna which rectifies, gives DC as the output
DC is converted back to AC
LASER transmission
LASER is highly directional, coherent
Not dispersed for very long
But, gets attenuated when it propagates through atmosphere
Simple receiver
Photovoltaic cell
Cost-efficient
15. Solar Power Satellites (SPS)
To provide energy to earth‟s increasing energy need
To efficiently make use of renewable energy i.e., solar energy
SPS are placed in geostationary orbits
Solar energy is captured using photocells
Each SPS may have 400 million photocells
Transmitted to earth in the form of microwaves/LASER
Using rectenna/photovoltaic cell, the energy is converted to electrical energy
Efficiency exceeds 95% if microwave
Rectenna
Stands for rectifying antenna
Consists of mesh of dipoles and diodes
Converts microwave to its DC equivalent
Usually multi-element phased array
16. Rectenna in US
Rectenna in US receives 5000MW of power from SPS
It is about one and a half mile long
Other projects
Alaska‟21
Grand Bassin
Hawaii
LASER vs. MPT
When LASER is used, the antenna sizes can be much smaller Microwaves
can face interference (two frequencies can be used for WPT are
2.45GHz and 5.4GHz) LASER has high attenuation loss and also it gets
diffracted by atmospheric particles easily.
17. Advantages of far-field energy transfer
Efficient
Easy
Need for grids, substations etc are eliminated.
Low maintenance cost.
More effective when the transmitting and receiving points are along a lineof- sight.
Can reach the places which are remote.
Radiative
Needs line-of-sight
Initial cost is high
When LASERs are used,
◦ conversion is inefficient
◦ Absorption loss is high
When microwaves are used,
◦ interference may arise
◦ FRIED BIRD effect 8/31/2010
18. APPLICATIONS
Near-field energy transfer
Electric automobile charging
Static and moving
Consumer electronics
Industrial purposes
Harsh environment
Far-field energy transfer
Solar Power Satellites
Energy to remote areas
Can broadcast energy globally (in future)
19. CONCLUSION
Transmission without wires- a reality
Efficient
Low maintenance cost. But, high initial cost
Better than conventional wired transfer
Energy crisis can be decreased
Low loss
In near future, world will be completely wireless.