This document provides information on wild pigs. It begins with taxonomy classifications and describes physical characteristics such as barrel-shaped bodies and cloven hooves. Examples of wild pig species are then outlined, including descriptions of their habitats, behaviors, and key anatomical features. Threats to wild pig populations like habitat destruction are also mentioned. The document concludes with sections on housing and feeding requirements, as well as common infectious diseases affecting wild pigs.
Wild boars are an invasive species native to Eurasia that have been introduced to parts of the Americas and Australia for hunting purposes. They typically weigh up to 300 pounds, have black coloring and straight tails. Males have tusks. Boars cause extensive ecological and economic damage by rooting for food and spreading diseases. Control methods include hunting, trapping, snaring, fencing and integration of multiple approaches. More research is needed to understand their impacts and improve management.
If people will about rodents so they can explain the people who hate mice & rats , they can explain that the rodents also have a life like us. show them this presentation to explain them this. And please view & comment this presentation.
This document provides information on three types of snails: the Giant African Land Snail, Garden Snail, and Roman Snail. It describes their physical characteristics, habitats, behaviors, diets, life cycles, and relationships with humans. The Giant African Land Snail is one of the largest snail species and highly invasive. The Garden Snail is one of the most common species found around the world. The Roman Snail is known for being eaten in French cuisine and has been commercially farmed.
This document discusses endangered species, their conservation statuses, threats they face such as hunting and habitat loss, and conservation efforts like captive breeding programs, reintroductions to the wild, and educating the public. Examples are given of species from critically endangered black rhinos to success stories like the Antiguan racer snake that was brought back from near extinction through conservation programs.
The Eastern Barred Bandicoot is an endangered small marsupial found in parts of Australia. It has faced major habitat loss and introduced predators that have reduced its population. Conservation efforts include captive breeding programs to increase numbers and reintroduce the species, as well as monitoring threats and protecting habitat. While strategies are working to reduce threats, continued conservation management is needed to prevent the Eastern Barred Bandicoot from going extinct.
Different Breeds Of Domesticated Farm Animals And Their CharacteristicsAmila Athapaththu
This document provides information about rabbits, including their classification, body parts, differences between rabbits and hares, and details on three domestic rabbit breeds: New Zealand white, Californian giant, and Vienna blue. It describes the physical characteristics and uses of each breed. Additional sections cover rabbit farming, breeding, feeding recommendations, common health issues, and care. The New Zealand white is known for its white fur and red eyes, while the Californian giant has a white body with black extremities. The Vienna blue has a steel blue color and is developed for both meat and fur.
it gives you brief about origin of poultry and how they diffused through out the world, when their domestication was started ,about their ancestors & their origin genetic classification of poultry .
Wild boars are an invasive species native to Eurasia that have been introduced to parts of the Americas and Australia for hunting purposes. They typically weigh up to 300 pounds, have black coloring and straight tails. Males have tusks. Boars cause extensive ecological and economic damage by rooting for food and spreading diseases. Control methods include hunting, trapping, snaring, fencing and integration of multiple approaches. More research is needed to understand their impacts and improve management.
If people will about rodents so they can explain the people who hate mice & rats , they can explain that the rodents also have a life like us. show them this presentation to explain them this. And please view & comment this presentation.
This document provides information on three types of snails: the Giant African Land Snail, Garden Snail, and Roman Snail. It describes their physical characteristics, habitats, behaviors, diets, life cycles, and relationships with humans. The Giant African Land Snail is one of the largest snail species and highly invasive. The Garden Snail is one of the most common species found around the world. The Roman Snail is known for being eaten in French cuisine and has been commercially farmed.
This document discusses endangered species, their conservation statuses, threats they face such as hunting and habitat loss, and conservation efforts like captive breeding programs, reintroductions to the wild, and educating the public. Examples are given of species from critically endangered black rhinos to success stories like the Antiguan racer snake that was brought back from near extinction through conservation programs.
The Eastern Barred Bandicoot is an endangered small marsupial found in parts of Australia. It has faced major habitat loss and introduced predators that have reduced its population. Conservation efforts include captive breeding programs to increase numbers and reintroduce the species, as well as monitoring threats and protecting habitat. While strategies are working to reduce threats, continued conservation management is needed to prevent the Eastern Barred Bandicoot from going extinct.
Different Breeds Of Domesticated Farm Animals And Their CharacteristicsAmila Athapaththu
This document provides information about rabbits, including their classification, body parts, differences between rabbits and hares, and details on three domestic rabbit breeds: New Zealand white, Californian giant, and Vienna blue. It describes the physical characteristics and uses of each breed. Additional sections cover rabbit farming, breeding, feeding recommendations, common health issues, and care. The New Zealand white is known for its white fur and red eyes, while the Californian giant has a white body with black extremities. The Vienna blue has a steel blue color and is developed for both meat and fur.
it gives you brief about origin of poultry and how they diffused through out the world, when their domestication was started ,about their ancestors & their origin genetic classification of poultry .
The document discusses the African wild dog, which is endangered due to threats from humans like killings and disease, as well as habitat loss and competition from other predators. It lives in grasslands, woodlands, and savannas in Africa, shelters in dens, and lives in packs that typically range from 2 to 27 members. African wild dogs are social, exhibit unusual social systems, and have large litters averaging ten pups. It is related to other canine species like coyotes and foxes.
This document summarizes key information about flightless birds. It discusses how flightless birds have evolved to lose the ability to fly through changes like smaller wing bones and more feathers. It provides details on major groups of flightless birds like ostriches, emus, kiwis, cassowaries and rheas. Specific characteristics and behaviors are described for different species within these groups. The document concludes that over 60 flightless bird species exist today, with ostriches being the largest and an island rail being the smallest.
The orange-bellied parrot is a small, endangered Australian bird. Males are bright green with orange bellies and yellow faces, while females are dull green. They eat seeds and berries along coastal areas. During breeding season from October to January, they nest in tree hollows in Tasmania. The entire population then migrates to mainland Australia for the winter. Threats include habitat loss and introduced predators. Conservation efforts include habitat protection, predator control, captive breeding programs, and reintroduction to boost wild populations. As of 2013, there were fewer than 50 orange-bellied parrots remaining in the wild.
Peacocks are male peafowl characterized by their colorful tail feathers. They are omnivorous, eating seeds, insects, berries and other plants. Male peacocks have extravagant tail feathers with eye-like designs used to attract mates. Peafowl live in parts of Asia, Africa and zoos, are not endangered, and can live up to 20 years.
The Eastern Barred Bandicoot is a small, threatened marsupial native to southeastern Australia. It has suffered a catastrophic decline due to habitat loss, introduced predators like foxes and cats, and its small population size. Conservation efforts include captive breeding programs, reintroductions to fenced areas, and ongoing fox control. The population at Hamilton Community Parklands is currently stable at 50-80 individuals after upgrades to fox-proof fencing and additional reintroductions.
The Eastern Barred Bandicoot is a small, nocturnal marsupial found in grasslands and woodlands in Australia. It is currently critically endangered due to habitat loss and predation by introduced species. Conservation efforts include captive breeding programs that aim to release 50 bandicoots annually to boost wild populations. Recovery plans also focus on increasing protections at key sites through predator control and barrier fencing, while abandoned reserves with unproductive populations will be phased out. If breeding and reintroduction efforts are successful along with regular monitoring and predator management, the species' population may be stabilized and its conservation status improved.
The Orange-Bellied Parrot is a small migratory bird found in southeastern Australia that is critically endangered, with an estimated population of only 50 birds remaining in the wild. It breeds solely in Tasmania from October to January, then migrates to spend the winter along the coasts of Victoria and South Australia. Major threats include habitat loss and fragmentation, introduced predators like foxes and cats, and competition for food from other introduced bird species. Conservation efforts include captive breeding programs, protection of breeding and feeding habitats, and population monitoring and management under Australia's Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act of 1988.
The Eastern Barred Bandicoot is a small marsupial found in southeastern Australia that is now extinct in the wild. It has been threatened by habitat loss and introduced predators like foxes. Conservation efforts have included captive breeding programs and reintroduction into protected areas where predators are controlled. Monitoring of reintroduced populations shows some success, but further protection of habitat is still needed to ensure the species' recovery.
This document provides information about toads, including their distinguishing characteristics, classification, life cycle, and importance. It notes that toads have bumpy, dry skin without teeth or bulging eyes, while frogs have moist, smooth skin with teeth and protruding eyes. Toads lay eggs in long chains while frogs lay eggs in clusters. The document describes toad classification within the animal kingdom and provides details about a toad's internal and external morphology. It then outlines the stages of a toad's life cycle from mating and egg-laying to tadpoles and toadlets. The document concludes by discussing why toads are important as predators, for pest control, medicine, education, and research.
This document provides an overview of frogs, including their classification in the kingdom Animalia and phylum Chordata. It describes frogs' characteristic smooth skin and webbed feet adapted for swimming. Frogs live near freshwater globally and have a four stage life cycle of egg, tadpole, metamorphosis, and adult. They eat insects and small animals and have behaviors like camouflage, poison, and calling to attract mates or warn of danger. The document outlines different frog types and their benefits to humans as insect controllers.
The Orange-bellied Parrot is a small, critically endangered parrot found in southeastern Australia. It is green with orange patches and blue wingtips, and feeds on seeds and plants in coastal salt marshes. Its population is only around 50 birds in the wild due to habitat loss, predators, and a low reproduction rate. Conservation efforts include captive breeding programs, nest box installation, and habitat protection, but it remains at high risk of extinction.
This document provides information about the black buck:
- Males mature from light yellowish fawn color to dark brown, and can be differentiated from females by the presence of long spiraling horns. Females are yellowish fawn with no horns.
- Black bucks live in herds separated by sex, with females and young living in herds of 10-30 and males claiming territories of 1.5-15 hectares.
- They are well adapted for running at speeds up to 80 kph and use acoustic communication like grunts and hisses, hierarchical social structures, and territorial markings to interact.
The document provides information about various animals, plants, and other organisms found in the Marin Headlands. It discusses 16 different animal species found in the area, including the black-tailed deer, bobcat, brush rabbit, California pocket gopher, coyote, dusky-footed woodrat, field mouse, gray fox, gray squirrel, mole, mountain lion, mule deer, o'possum, raccoon, vole, and gray squirrel. It also profiles 9 common plant species in the Headlands: California poppy, Douglas iris, foxtail, lupine, poison hemlock, ripgut grass, wild oats, wild rye, and yarrow. The document
Tracey Gray, fropm Port Fairy Consolidated School, delivered this presentation to VCE Environmental Science stuednts in May, 2008 as part of the Unit 3: Biodiversity course.
Grasslands are located in several continents including Asia, South America, Africa, and Australia. Grasslands are characterized by tall grasses up to 2 meters high, low rainfall, and few scattered trees near sources of water. Over 40% of grassland animals are mammals, including large herbivores like bison, antelope, and zebras, as well as predators like lions, wolves, and coyotes. Lions and zebras are able to survive on the grasslands through hunting skills, living in packs, speed, and other adaptations. The different grassland animals also depend on each other, with elephants eating trees, giraffes eating high leaves, and lions preying on the herbivores.
The document discusses characteristics of a proposed snail farm, including its ownership structure and the products it will sell. It then discusses the business of snail farming, noting that snails can be used for food or cosmetics. Snails sell for 8-12 euros per kilo for food and their slime is used in cosmetics. The document also discusses snail biology, including different types of snails, their feeding, habitats, anatomy, reproduction, lifecycles, and predators. It proposes locating the farm near a river in Loja for optimal conditions and notes some benefits of investing in a snail farm, such as low startup costs and lack of competition. The idea for the farm came from online
Wolves have keen senses of smell and vision and powerful jaws. They hunt in packs and prey on large animals like elk and moose, as well as smaller animals. Wolves in Yellowstone National Park numbered around 100 in 2011, with 8 breeding pairs. While wolves have few natural predators, they were hunted extensively by humans, leading to their endangered status. Protecting wolf habitat and preventing hunting can help save gray wolf populations.
Biology of laboratory animals (guinea pig and rabbit).pptxvasanthibalan2
Biology of laboratory animals (guinea pig and rabbit )
This presentation is regarding the biology and behaviour of laboratory guinea pig and rabbit explaining the different breeds, advantages and disadvantages , breeds and strains, animal models and their applications, feeding management, health management, housing management unique traits, gender identification, normal and abnormal behaviour etc.
Mammals are characterized by warm-bloodedness, hair or fur, highly developed brains, muscular diaphragms, mammary glands, and parental care. They have four-chambered hearts, skulls with teeth and jaws, and two sets of teeth. Mammals have four limbs adapted for locomotion like walking, running, swimming, flying or burrowing. They maintain a constant body temperature through homeothermy. Their skin has hair and glands. Mammals are classified into monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals.
The document discusses the African wild dog, which is endangered due to threats from humans like killings and disease, as well as habitat loss and competition from other predators. It lives in grasslands, woodlands, and savannas in Africa, shelters in dens, and lives in packs that typically range from 2 to 27 members. African wild dogs are social, exhibit unusual social systems, and have large litters averaging ten pups. It is related to other canine species like coyotes and foxes.
This document summarizes key information about flightless birds. It discusses how flightless birds have evolved to lose the ability to fly through changes like smaller wing bones and more feathers. It provides details on major groups of flightless birds like ostriches, emus, kiwis, cassowaries and rheas. Specific characteristics and behaviors are described for different species within these groups. The document concludes that over 60 flightless bird species exist today, with ostriches being the largest and an island rail being the smallest.
The orange-bellied parrot is a small, endangered Australian bird. Males are bright green with orange bellies and yellow faces, while females are dull green. They eat seeds and berries along coastal areas. During breeding season from October to January, they nest in tree hollows in Tasmania. The entire population then migrates to mainland Australia for the winter. Threats include habitat loss and introduced predators. Conservation efforts include habitat protection, predator control, captive breeding programs, and reintroduction to boost wild populations. As of 2013, there were fewer than 50 orange-bellied parrots remaining in the wild.
Peacocks are male peafowl characterized by their colorful tail feathers. They are omnivorous, eating seeds, insects, berries and other plants. Male peacocks have extravagant tail feathers with eye-like designs used to attract mates. Peafowl live in parts of Asia, Africa and zoos, are not endangered, and can live up to 20 years.
The Eastern Barred Bandicoot is a small, threatened marsupial native to southeastern Australia. It has suffered a catastrophic decline due to habitat loss, introduced predators like foxes and cats, and its small population size. Conservation efforts include captive breeding programs, reintroductions to fenced areas, and ongoing fox control. The population at Hamilton Community Parklands is currently stable at 50-80 individuals after upgrades to fox-proof fencing and additional reintroductions.
The Eastern Barred Bandicoot is a small, nocturnal marsupial found in grasslands and woodlands in Australia. It is currently critically endangered due to habitat loss and predation by introduced species. Conservation efforts include captive breeding programs that aim to release 50 bandicoots annually to boost wild populations. Recovery plans also focus on increasing protections at key sites through predator control and barrier fencing, while abandoned reserves with unproductive populations will be phased out. If breeding and reintroduction efforts are successful along with regular monitoring and predator management, the species' population may be stabilized and its conservation status improved.
The Orange-Bellied Parrot is a small migratory bird found in southeastern Australia that is critically endangered, with an estimated population of only 50 birds remaining in the wild. It breeds solely in Tasmania from October to January, then migrates to spend the winter along the coasts of Victoria and South Australia. Major threats include habitat loss and fragmentation, introduced predators like foxes and cats, and competition for food from other introduced bird species. Conservation efforts include captive breeding programs, protection of breeding and feeding habitats, and population monitoring and management under Australia's Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act of 1988.
The Eastern Barred Bandicoot is a small marsupial found in southeastern Australia that is now extinct in the wild. It has been threatened by habitat loss and introduced predators like foxes. Conservation efforts have included captive breeding programs and reintroduction into protected areas where predators are controlled. Monitoring of reintroduced populations shows some success, but further protection of habitat is still needed to ensure the species' recovery.
This document provides information about toads, including their distinguishing characteristics, classification, life cycle, and importance. It notes that toads have bumpy, dry skin without teeth or bulging eyes, while frogs have moist, smooth skin with teeth and protruding eyes. Toads lay eggs in long chains while frogs lay eggs in clusters. The document describes toad classification within the animal kingdom and provides details about a toad's internal and external morphology. It then outlines the stages of a toad's life cycle from mating and egg-laying to tadpoles and toadlets. The document concludes by discussing why toads are important as predators, for pest control, medicine, education, and research.
This document provides an overview of frogs, including their classification in the kingdom Animalia and phylum Chordata. It describes frogs' characteristic smooth skin and webbed feet adapted for swimming. Frogs live near freshwater globally and have a four stage life cycle of egg, tadpole, metamorphosis, and adult. They eat insects and small animals and have behaviors like camouflage, poison, and calling to attract mates or warn of danger. The document outlines different frog types and their benefits to humans as insect controllers.
The Orange-bellied Parrot is a small, critically endangered parrot found in southeastern Australia. It is green with orange patches and blue wingtips, and feeds on seeds and plants in coastal salt marshes. Its population is only around 50 birds in the wild due to habitat loss, predators, and a low reproduction rate. Conservation efforts include captive breeding programs, nest box installation, and habitat protection, but it remains at high risk of extinction.
This document provides information about the black buck:
- Males mature from light yellowish fawn color to dark brown, and can be differentiated from females by the presence of long spiraling horns. Females are yellowish fawn with no horns.
- Black bucks live in herds separated by sex, with females and young living in herds of 10-30 and males claiming territories of 1.5-15 hectares.
- They are well adapted for running at speeds up to 80 kph and use acoustic communication like grunts and hisses, hierarchical social structures, and territorial markings to interact.
The document provides information about various animals, plants, and other organisms found in the Marin Headlands. It discusses 16 different animal species found in the area, including the black-tailed deer, bobcat, brush rabbit, California pocket gopher, coyote, dusky-footed woodrat, field mouse, gray fox, gray squirrel, mole, mountain lion, mule deer, o'possum, raccoon, vole, and gray squirrel. It also profiles 9 common plant species in the Headlands: California poppy, Douglas iris, foxtail, lupine, poison hemlock, ripgut grass, wild oats, wild rye, and yarrow. The document
Tracey Gray, fropm Port Fairy Consolidated School, delivered this presentation to VCE Environmental Science stuednts in May, 2008 as part of the Unit 3: Biodiversity course.
Grasslands are located in several continents including Asia, South America, Africa, and Australia. Grasslands are characterized by tall grasses up to 2 meters high, low rainfall, and few scattered trees near sources of water. Over 40% of grassland animals are mammals, including large herbivores like bison, antelope, and zebras, as well as predators like lions, wolves, and coyotes. Lions and zebras are able to survive on the grasslands through hunting skills, living in packs, speed, and other adaptations. The different grassland animals also depend on each other, with elephants eating trees, giraffes eating high leaves, and lions preying on the herbivores.
The document discusses characteristics of a proposed snail farm, including its ownership structure and the products it will sell. It then discusses the business of snail farming, noting that snails can be used for food or cosmetics. Snails sell for 8-12 euros per kilo for food and their slime is used in cosmetics. The document also discusses snail biology, including different types of snails, their feeding, habitats, anatomy, reproduction, lifecycles, and predators. It proposes locating the farm near a river in Loja for optimal conditions and notes some benefits of investing in a snail farm, such as low startup costs and lack of competition. The idea for the farm came from online
Wolves have keen senses of smell and vision and powerful jaws. They hunt in packs and prey on large animals like elk and moose, as well as smaller animals. Wolves in Yellowstone National Park numbered around 100 in 2011, with 8 breeding pairs. While wolves have few natural predators, they were hunted extensively by humans, leading to their endangered status. Protecting wolf habitat and preventing hunting can help save gray wolf populations.
Biology of laboratory animals (guinea pig and rabbit).pptxvasanthibalan2
Biology of laboratory animals (guinea pig and rabbit )
This presentation is regarding the biology and behaviour of laboratory guinea pig and rabbit explaining the different breeds, advantages and disadvantages , breeds and strains, animal models and their applications, feeding management, health management, housing management unique traits, gender identification, normal and abnormal behaviour etc.
Mammals are characterized by warm-bloodedness, hair or fur, highly developed brains, muscular diaphragms, mammary glands, and parental care. They have four-chambered hearts, skulls with teeth and jaws, and two sets of teeth. Mammals have four limbs adapted for locomotion like walking, running, swimming, flying or burrowing. They maintain a constant body temperature through homeothermy. Their skin has hair and glands. Mammals are classified into monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals.
This document provides information about different bear species including their taxonomy, habitats, diets, reproduction, and common diseases. It discusses the Himalayan brown bear, polar bear, sun bear, and giant panda. Key points covered include bears going into winter dormancy, common infectious diseases like canine distemper and infectious canine hepatitis, and external parasites that can cause mange. The document also provides details on safely handling, immobilizing, and transporting bear species.
- The document discusses several species of treeshrews, including the common treeshrew, pen-tailed treeshrew, Mindanao treeshrew, and large treeshrew. It describes their habitat, physical characteristics, diet, reproduction, and conservation status. The treeshrews discussed are small mammals found in Southeast Asia and the Philippines that eat insects, small animals, fruits and seeds. They live in family groups and face threats from habitat loss and hunting.
Rats and mice are commonly used small mammals in research. Rats belong to the genus Rattus and there are two common domesticated species - black and brown rats. Mice belong to the species Mus musculus. Both rats and mice reproduce rapidly, are nocturnal and gregarious, and require specialized housing and diets. Common diseases for both include respiratory illnesses, parasites, and tumors. Proper husbandry is important for their health and well-being in a research setting.
This document provides an overview of gerbil care, including their physical characteristics, habitat, diet, handling, common clinical problems, and behavior. Gerbils are small rodents native to arid regions that live in underground burrows. As pets, they require social housing, bedding to burrow in, and a diet of commercial rodent food supplemented with fruits and vegetables. Common health issues include teeth problems, trauma, tumors, and infectious diseases. Gerbils can be used in medical research due to their size and susceptibility to certain diseases.
Brackish water is a mixture of fresh and salty water which usually occurs in estuaries, and has a salinity usually of between 15 and 30 per thousand, depending on rainfall and freshwater run-off. Some fish species like mullets are able to survive in this environment.
This document provides information on swine production and management, including terminology, breeds of pigs, production systems, and breeding systems. It defines key terms like boar, sow, litter, and castration. It describes common pure breeds like Landrace, Large White, and Duroc and their characteristics. Synthetic breeds developed to combine desirable traits like TOPIGS and Hypor are also outlined. The document explains local Philippine native pigs and improved varieties. Different swine production systems are compared including sow herd enterprises and growing-finishing operations.
Hamsters, gerbils, and ferrets are common small mammal pets. Hamsters have cheek pouches and flank glands, and require exercise wheels in their cages. Gerbils are adapted to desert environments, have a scent gland on their stomach, and are generally quiet. Ferrets are carnivores descended from European polecats, and require protein-rich commercially available diets or high-quality cat food. Both hamsters and gerbils can be handled gently by lifting behind the front or rear quarters, while ferrets are best lifted by the nape of the neck or with one hand around the body.
This document provides information on various beef cattle breeds, including indigenous African breeds like Mashona, Tuli, and Nkone as well as exotic breeds like Hereford and Angus. It discusses the characteristics, traits, and uses of these breeds. Key points covered include the traits and adaptations of indigenous breeds to African conditions, how to identify cattle breeds based on physical characteristics, and the economic traits important in beef production like growth rates, carcass quality, and maternal abilities.
This document discusses the classification and identification of various cattle breeds. It begins by outlining how cattle breeds have developed through selective breeding over many generations. It then defines what constitutes a cattle breed and notes there are over 250 recognized breeds worldwide. The document proceeds to describe traits of economic importance to beef cattle like reproductive performance, growth rates, and carcass quality. Finally, it provides details on specific breeds, categorizing them as tropical Zebu cattle, tropical cattle of European type, or temperate breeds, and highlighting traits of several example breeds.
This document discusses the three main types of wolves found in Pakistan: the grey wolf, Tibetan wolf, and Indian wolf. It describes their habitats, distributions, morphologies, diets, breeding behaviors, and conservation statuses. The grey wolf inhabits mountainous regions throughout Pakistan while the Tibetan wolf is found at high altitudes in the Himalayas. Both species are threatened by hunting and considered destructive to livestock. The Indian wolf lives in southern Pakistan and its populations have declined significantly in recent decades.
Characteristics - Ariidae Medium to large sized fish.
Two pairs of nostrils closely on each side.
Paired maxillary and mental barbels present totally 4-6.
Dorsal fin short, with long more or less serrated spine preceded by a very short one.
Caudal fin deeply forked.
Adipose fin present.
Pectoral fin low set, with serrated spine.
Colour – Usually greyish blue, dark grey, yellow or brown sometimes with black patches or in some with silvery lateral stripe; pale to white below.
This document discusses goat production and management. It begins by listing the objectives of identifying goat parts, breeds, and demonstrating health and sanitation skills. It then describes the digestive system of goats and lists the main goat breeds found in the Philippines - Philippine, Dadiangas, Anglo-Nubian, Boer, Saanen, Toggenburg, and Alpine. It discusses the importance of goat farming for products like milk, meat, and fiber. It also covers biosecurity practices and disease prevention to maintain a healthy goat herd.
Mammals evolved from reptiles called Therapids during the Mesozoic era. They increased rapidly during the Cenozoic era. Mammals are characterized by having hair, mammary glands to feed young, and being warm-blooded. They are classified into monotremes, marsupials, and placentals. Placental mammals carry young to term in the uterus. There are 19 orders of mammals including rodents, bats, whales, carnivores, even-toed and odd-toed ungulates, primates, and more. Each order has distinct characteristics related to their evolution, habitats, diets and behaviors.
Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that can transmit diseases to vertebrate hosts like mammals and birds. There are two main tick families - Hard Ticks (Ixodidae) and Soft Ticks (Argasidae). Hard ticks have a complex multi-stage life cycle involving eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults. They feed on hosts for several days between each life stage. Ticks can transmit diseases like Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Common hard tick genera include Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, Amblyomma, and Boophilus. Each genus contains medically important tick species that transmit pathogens while feeding on different host species.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...vijaykumar292010
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
1. Karnataka veterinary animal and fisheries
sciences university Bidar
Veterinary college Hebbal
Submitted to:
Dr Lathamani mam
Dept of VMD
Submitted by:
Dr Rajat D S
3. Wild Pigs
• Phylum -Chordate
• Class –Mammalia
• Order – Artiodactyla
• Family-Suidae
4. • Pig family include Hogs, Boars and Babirusa.
• They are characterized by a barrel shaped
body , slender legs ,a short neck and a large
head.
• They are found in forest and grasslands.
• They are having poor vision but good hearing
ability and keen sense of smell.
• They are known for their rooting behavior.
5. • In spite of short legs they are good runners
and jumpers and some adept swimmers.
• Bornean bearded pigs and babirusas swim
underwater.
• They generally live in social groupings
although breeding males are solitary after the
breeding season
• Female and their offspring's live in a herd
known as sounders.
6. • Suids are quite vocal and make characteristic
clacking sound with their teeth.
• Pigs are the only hoofed mammals to have
litters(only babirusa has twins).
• Their population is primarily threatened by
habitat destruction through human
encroachment and poaching.
7. Anatomy
• One of most interesting feature is snout,
which is cartilaginous disk at its tip enclosing
the nostrils.
• The disk is supported by small bone (the
prenasal),it is used as bulldozer when foraging
for food.
• Most of species also have upper and lower
canines that grow outwards and upwards to
form tusks.
8. • In babirusa the male ‘s upper tusks grow up
through skin of face and then curve
backwards.
• Female pigs have smaller canines(female
babirusa have no canines).
• Pigs also have cloven feet, two large flattened
hooves bear animals weight ,but on soft
ground the 2 shorter, lateral hooves may
touch the ground and help spread the weight.
• Pigs have thick skin with hair that is either
long and birstly or sparse(in babirusa).
9. • Most of the species have mane down the back
of the neck.
• The tail is thin twisted , mobile and usually
sparsely tufted.
10. Defense and fighting
• Long tusks of males are used for defense
against the predators and for fighting other
male for social status or mates .
• There are 2 distinct fighting styles-lateral and
head to head.
• Lateral is one in which it slashing at each
others shoulder.
• Pig with board head, thick fight head to
head.(warthog, giant forest hog)
11. Wild boar
• Sus scrofa
• Length-0.9-1.8m
• Tail-30cm
• Weight upto 200kg
• Social unit- individual or group
• Location –Europe, Asia , North africa
• Adapted to forest grasslands and river banks
12.
13. • Most widely distributed terrestrial mammal
and is also ancestor of domestic breeds.
• It occupies a wide variety of habitats, eats
almost any food, runs fast.
• Males live alone except for mating season
• Females are very protective of their young and
may be bound together in 20 or more .
14. Bush pig
• Potamochoerus porcus
• Length-1-1.5m
• Tail-43cm
• Weight upto 130kg
• Social unit- group
• Location – west and central africa
• Adapted to forest
15.
16. • The reddest pig also known as red river hog
• Has long and pointed ears .
• A narrow white stripe along back and facial
stripes.
• It is omnivorous and nocturnal.
• Males stay with harem of females and
offspring
• Many times family wanders in band of 50.
17. Giant forest hog
• Hylochoreus meinertzhageni
• Length-1.5-2.1m
• Tail-43cm
• Weight upto 130kg
• Social unit- group
• Location – west and central africa
• Adapted to forest
• endangered
18.
19. • Massive headed hog has 2 large wart below
eye and canine grow horizontally from jaw.
• Straw colored piglet turn black as age
advances
• It grazes and browses on grasses and shrubby
vegetation
20. Pygmy hog
• Sus salvanius
• Length-71cm
• Tail-3cm
• Weight upto 10kg
• Social unit- group
• Location – south asia
• Adapted to grassland
• critically endangered
21.
22. • Smallest among pig has tapering snout and
head to push through dense undergrowth
• Dark brown in colour
• Male canines are poke slightly out
• Both sexes dig layer through and line them
with grassy layers to form nest.
23. Babirusa
• Babyrousa babyrussa
• Length-1.1m
• Tail-32cm
• Weight upto 100kg
• Social unit-individual or group
• Location – south asia
• Adapted to grassland and river bank
• vulnerable
24.
25. • Distinctive upper canines of male bubirusa
grow through muzzle and curve towards face
• Almost hairless hide varies in colour from grey
and brown
• Male is solitary
• Litter size is 1 or 2
26. Wart hog
• Phacocherous africans
• Length-1.5m
• Tail-32cm
• Weight upto 150kg
• Social unit-group
• Location – africa
• Adapted to grassland
27.
28. • Long legged pig with large head
• When running tail is held straight and upright
• Shelter and raise their young in grass lined
burrows dug by themselves.
29. Special housing requirements
• The natural behaviors of wild suids is taken
into account .the opportunity to root and dig
should be provided without disrupting the
structural integrity of enclosure .animals
should be given access to mud wallows
• Nesting is common behavior and hence
bedding material should be given.
• Minimum 200sq mts per animal must be given
30. • Animals should accessed to shade and
depending on climate and protection from
harsh environment.
• Substrate should not be abrasive
31. Feeding
• Pigs are omnivorous in nature they consume
leaves, grasses, young saplings, seeds, fruits,
roots, tubers, fungi, eggs, in-vertebrates, small
vertebrates
• Warthog is grazer and forest hog is browsers
• Also pelleted herbivore ration with fruits and
hay
• Babirusa has more efficient fiber digestion
then all
32. • Warthog efficiently digests hemicellulose and
cellulose
• In other species hemicellulose must be more
• In captive obesity is major problem so it may
interfere with reproduction and exacerbate
conditions like osteoarthritis
33. Restraining and Handling
• Physical restraining is not recommended as
many individuals struggle violently
• So chemical restraining is much used
• Ketamine 20mg/kg
• Tiletamine –zolazepam 2-5mg/kg
• Medetomidine 0.04-0.07mg/kg
• Detomidine 0.12mg/kg
35. Infectious diseases
Viral diseases
Pseudo rabies
• Etiology –Alphaherpesvirus
• Signs –peripheral neuritis , pruritus,
encephalitis , convulsion in young
• Older show respiratory signs
• In sows abortions
36. • PM lesions- serous to fibrinous rhinitis and
necrotic tonsillits
• Liver and spleen with yellow necrotic foci
• Pneumonia
37. • Diagnosis- serum neutralization, latex
agglutination, ELISA, CF, indirect
immunofluorescence
• In PM lung and spleen collection and virus
isolation
• Treatment and management- No treatment
• Modified live , inactivated and gene modified
vaccines
38. Swine vesicular disease
• Etiology –Enterovirus
• Only wild boar is affected
• Signs –oral and foot vesicles
• Pm lesions- vesicles are seen
• Diagnosis – virus isolation , animal
inoculation, ELISA, serum neutralization,
antigen precipitation, CF
• Treatment and management-no treatment
• Prevention is by banning of swill feeding.
39. Swine influenza
• Etiology –Type A influenza(orthomyxo)
• Signs –pneumonia, rhinitis, conjunctivitis,
high morbidity and high mortality
• Pm lesions- Post-mortem findings
• The lesions are confined to the respiratory system and are not
very specific.
• Hyperaemic of the mucosa of the respiratory tract,
• Excess production of mucus,
• Atelectasis and emphysema of the cardiac and apical lobes of
the lungs,
• Enlarged bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes,
• In fatal cases there may be an acute intersticial pneumonia
• Diagnosis – virus isolation , ELISA, PCR
• Treatment and management-No treatment
• Prevention is by good biosecurity measures.
40.
41. Transmissible gastroenteritis
• Etiology –Corona virus
• Signs –vomiting , diarrhea, dehydration, high mortality and
morbidity.
• Pm lesions- Gross lesions are confined to the gastro-intestinal
tract, except for the dehydration:
• Stomach distended with curdled milk,
• Stomach may be congested with small area of haemorrhage on
diaphragmatic surface,
• Small intestine distended with yellow foamy fluid containing
curdled milk,
• Enteritis, intestinal wall thin and translucent due to severe
atrophy of intestinal villi.
• Diagnosis – virus isolation , ELISA, PCR,
• Immunofluorescent staining
• Treatment and management-no treatment
• Vaccination with modified live and inactivated vaccines
42. Hog chlorea
Etiology – Flavivirus
Clinical signs-Fever up to 41°C,
• Anorexia and lethargy,
• Hyperaemia and cyanosis (seen as reddening) of the
extremities, particularly the snout and ears,
• Unwillingness to stand,
• Convulsions,
• Huddling together,
• Vomiting,
• Constipation followed by diarrhoea,
• Discharges from the eyes and nose,
• Abortions,
• Mortality rates of up to 100% in young pigs.
43. PM lesions
Enlarged and haemorrhagic lymph nodes,
Enlarged and necrotic tonsils with pin point haemorrhages,
Petechiae and ecchymoses on the skin,
Haemorrhages in body organs especially kidney, heart , bladder, lung and gall bladder,
Oedema of the lungs,
Fluid in body cavities,
encephalomyeletis with perivascular cuffing.
Lymph node and kidney haemorrhagic,
Consolidation of lungs,
Haemorrhages of intestinal mucosa
44.
45. • There is no treatment for CSF.
• Efficient modified live vaccines are
commercially available. However they may not
be compatible with eradication, since it is
difficult to differentiate post-vaccine
antibodies from wild virus antibodies. A
recombinant CSF vaccine (known as marker
vaccine) has been develop that allows
antibodies differentiation.
46. Bacterial diseases
Brucellosis
• Etiology –Brucella suis
• Signs –abortion, infertility, posterior paralysis,
lameness , undulating pyrexia.
• Pm lesions- Purulent necrotic lesions are seen,
mainly in the genitalia, bones, joints, mammary
glands, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, kidneys, bladder
and occasionally the brain.
• Nodular splenitis is suggestive of the disease.
Nodules and abscesses may be seen in both the
gravid and non-gravid uterus. The placenta may be
oedematous and hyperaemic. Foetuses have
haemorrhagic sub-cutaneous and peritoneal fluid.
47.
48. • Necrotic, purulent and sometimes calcified
foci occur in the testes and male accessory sex
organs (especially the epididymis and seminal
vesicles).
• Diagnosis – lymph node culture , ELISA, PCR,
• SAT
• Treatment and management- no treatment
• Test and removal
49. Colibacillosis
• Etiology –E.coli
• Signs –enterotoxaemia, diarrhea, dehyration,
acidosis, metabolic crisis, death
• Pm lesions- Pigs dying suddenly may have
patchy cutaneous erythema. Histologically, the
villi are usually of normal length and have many
small bacterial rods adhered to the absorptive
enterocytes.
• Diagnosis – feacal culture , ELISA, PCR
• Treatment and management-fluids
antibacterial , supportive
• Colostral E.coli vaccination of dams
50.
51. Erysipelas
• Etiology –E.rhusiopathiae
• Signs –septicemia, fever, daimond skin lesion
• PM lesions- At necropsy, acutely infected
pigs may exhibit skin lesions, enlarged and
congested lymph nodes, edematous and
congested lungs, splenomegaly, and
hepatomegaly. Petechial hemorrhages may
be seen on the kidneys and heart.
• Diagnosis – blood and joint fluid culture ,
ELISA, PCR
52. • Treatment and management-fluids
antibacterial such as penicillin and
tetracycline, supportive
• Hyper immune serum treatment
• Attenuated bacterial vaccine