The document describes the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test, a non-parametric statistical hypothesis test used to assess whether one of two independent samples of observations tends to have larger values than the other when normality cannot be assumed. It provides details on running the test, including ranking the combined observations and computing the test statistic to determine if it is less than or equal to the critical value, rejecting the null hypothesis. An example applies the test to compare the nicotine content of two cigarette brands, finding no significant difference between their medians.
Through this ppt you could learn what is Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test. This will teach you the condition and criteria where it can be run and the way to use the test.
Unit-III Non Parametric tests: Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis
test, Friedman Test. BP801T. BIOSTATISITCS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Theory)
Through this ppt you could learn what is Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test. This will teach you the condition and criteria where it can be run and the way to use the test.
Unit-III Non Parametric tests: Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis
test, Friedman Test. BP801T. BIOSTATISITCS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Theory)
Parametric test _ t test and ANOVA _ Biostatistics and Research Methodology....AZCPh
Parametric test with t test and ANOVA on the bases of Biostatistics subject. The slide contains definition of particular test with their sums. Comparison of tests and some terminologies used in hypothesis testing. Useful for Pharmacy students.
Introduction to Research - Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem Uni...Himanshu Sharma
This slide contains B.Pharm Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem. Unit-3 L2 topic- "Introduction to Research"
It contains topics:
1. Introduction to Research
2. Need for Research
3. Need for Design Experiments
4. Experimental Design Techniques
5. Plagiarism
Graphs(Biostatistics and Research Methodology) B.pharmacy(8th sem.)Pranjal Saxena
This slides contains the description about the Graphs(Histograms, Pie-Chart, Cubic Graph, Response surface Plot, Counter surface plot ) mainly Histograms with advantages, disadvantages and examples, Pie-chart with advantages, disadvantages and examples, Cubic Graph with examples, Response surface plot and Counter plot with examples and uses.
when you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbers, you know something about it but when you cannot measure, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of meagre and unsatisfactory kind.”
This presentation contains information about Mann Whitney U test, what is it, when to use it and how to use it. I have also put an example so that it may help you to easily understand it.
Minitab is a statistics package developed at the Pennsylvania State University by researchers Barbara F. Ryan, Thomas A. Ryan, Jr., and Brian L. Joiner in 1972.
It began as a light version of OMNITAB 80, a statistical analysis program by NIST.
Statistical analysis software such as Minitab automates calculations and the creation of graphs, allowing the user to focus more on the analysis of data and the interpretation of results.
It is compatible with other Minitab, LLC software.
Introduction to Research, Biostatistics, Introduction to Research: Need for research, Need for design of Experiments,
Experiential Design Technique, plagiarism
Regression Analysis is simplified in this presentation. Starting with simple linear to multiple regression analysis, it covers all the statistics and interpretation of various diagnostic plots. Besides, how to verify regression assumptions and some advance concepts of choosing best models makes the slides more useful SAS program codes of two examples are also included.
Cross over design, Placebo and blinding techniques Dinesh Gangoda
A crossover design is a modified randomized block design in which each block receives more than one treatment at different dosing periods.
A block can be a patient or a group of patients.
Patients in each block receive different sequences of treatments.
A crossover design is called a complete crossover design if each sequence contains all treatments under investigation.
A placebo is a dummy medicine containing no active substance.
This substance has no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs.
Latin- ‘ I shall please’
Parametric test _ t test and ANOVA _ Biostatistics and Research Methodology....AZCPh
Parametric test with t test and ANOVA on the bases of Biostatistics subject. The slide contains definition of particular test with their sums. Comparison of tests and some terminologies used in hypothesis testing. Useful for Pharmacy students.
Introduction to Research - Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem Uni...Himanshu Sharma
This slide contains B.Pharm Biostatistics and Research methodology 8th Sem. Unit-3 L2 topic- "Introduction to Research"
It contains topics:
1. Introduction to Research
2. Need for Research
3. Need for Design Experiments
4. Experimental Design Techniques
5. Plagiarism
Graphs(Biostatistics and Research Methodology) B.pharmacy(8th sem.)Pranjal Saxena
This slides contains the description about the Graphs(Histograms, Pie-Chart, Cubic Graph, Response surface Plot, Counter surface plot ) mainly Histograms with advantages, disadvantages and examples, Pie-chart with advantages, disadvantages and examples, Cubic Graph with examples, Response surface plot and Counter plot with examples and uses.
when you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbers, you know something about it but when you cannot measure, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of meagre and unsatisfactory kind.”
This presentation contains information about Mann Whitney U test, what is it, when to use it and how to use it. I have also put an example so that it may help you to easily understand it.
Minitab is a statistics package developed at the Pennsylvania State University by researchers Barbara F. Ryan, Thomas A. Ryan, Jr., and Brian L. Joiner in 1972.
It began as a light version of OMNITAB 80, a statistical analysis program by NIST.
Statistical analysis software such as Minitab automates calculations and the creation of graphs, allowing the user to focus more on the analysis of data and the interpretation of results.
It is compatible with other Minitab, LLC software.
Introduction to Research, Biostatistics, Introduction to Research: Need for research, Need for design of Experiments,
Experiential Design Technique, plagiarism
Regression Analysis is simplified in this presentation. Starting with simple linear to multiple regression analysis, it covers all the statistics and interpretation of various diagnostic plots. Besides, how to verify regression assumptions and some advance concepts of choosing best models makes the slides more useful SAS program codes of two examples are also included.
Cross over design, Placebo and blinding techniques Dinesh Gangoda
A crossover design is a modified randomized block design in which each block receives more than one treatment at different dosing periods.
A block can be a patient or a group of patients.
Patients in each block receive different sequences of treatments.
A crossover design is called a complete crossover design if each sequence contains all treatments under investigation.
A placebo is a dummy medicine containing no active substance.
This substance has no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs.
Latin- ‘ I shall please’
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Chapter 9: Inferences from Two Samples
9.2: Two Means, Independent Samples
Siegel-Tukey test named after Sidney Siegel and John Tukey, is a non-parametric test which may be applied to the data measured at least on an ordinal scale. It tests for the differences in scale between two groups.
The test is used to determine if one of two groups of data tends to have more widely dispersed values than the other.
The test was published in 1980 by Sidney Siegel and John Wilder Tukey in the journal of the American Statistical Association in the article “A Non-parametric Sum Of Ranks Procedure For Relative Spread in Unpaired Samples “.
1. A law firm wants to determine the trend in its annual billings .docxmonicafrancis71118
1. A law firm wants to determine the trend in its annual billings so that it can better forecast revenues. It plots the data on its billings for the past 10 years and finds that the scatter plot appears to be linear. What formula should they use to determine the trend line?
σ = ∑√(x - μ)2 ÷ N
F = s12 ÷ s22
t = (x̄ - μx-bar) ÷ s/√n
Tt = b0 + b1t
3 points
QUESTION 2
1. A set of subjects, usually randomly sampled, selected to participate in a research study is called:
Population
Sample
Mode group
Partial selection
3 points
QUESTION 3
1. If a researcher accepts a null hypothesis when that hypothesis is actually true, she has committed:
a type I error
a type II error
no error
a causation
3 points
QUESTION 4
1. A binomial probability distribution is a discrete distribution (i.e., the x-variable is discrete).
True
False
3 points
QUESTION 5
1. The tdistribution is wider and flatter (i.e., has more variation) than the normal distribution.
True
False
3 points
QUESTION 6
1. A physician wants to estimate the average amount of time that patients spend in his waiting room. He asks his receptionist to record the waiting times for 28 of his patients and finds that the sample mean (x̄) is 37 minutes and the sample standard deviation (s) is 12 minutes. What formula would you use to construct the 95% confidence interval for the population mean of waiting times?
t = (x̄ - μx-bar) ÷ s/√n
µ = ∑ x ÷ N
x̄ - t(s ÷ √n) < µ < x̄ + t(s ÷ √n)
z = (x - µ) ÷ σ
3 points
QUESTION 7
1. When the alternative hypothesis states that the difference between two groups can only be in one direction, we call this a:
One-tailed test
Bi-directional test
Two-tailed test
Non-parametric test
3 points
QUESTION 8
1. For any probability distribution, the probability of any x-value occurring within any given range is equal to the area under the distribution and above that range.
True
False
3 points
QUESTION 9
1. The formula for ____________ is (Row total X Column total)/T
Observed frequencies
Degrees of freedom
Expected frequencies
Sampling error
3 points
QUESTION 10
1. State Senator Hanna Rowe has ordered an investigation of the large number of boating accidents that have occurred in the state in recent summers. Acting on her instructions, her aide, Geoff Spencer, has randomly selected 9 summer months within the last few years and has compiled data on the number of boating accidents that occurred during each of these months. The mean number of boating accidents to occur in these 9 months was 31 (x̄), and the standard deviation (s) in this sample was 9 boating accidents per month. Geoff was told to construct a 90% confidence interval for the true mean number of boating accidents per month. What formula should Geoff use?
x̄ - t(s ÷ √n) < µ < x̄ + t(s ÷ √n)
F = s12 ÷ s22
z = (x - µ) ÷ σ
x̄ - z(σ ÷ √n) < µ < x̄ + z(σ ÷ √n)
.
The slide was prepared in collaboration with Praneet Sharma at IIIT-Delhi.
This presentation shows the various factors that is holding India back from becoming a super power.
What do you think??
The report was submitted for the course "Sociology" at IIIT-Delhi in collaboration with Shubham Singhal and Deepanker Agarwal under the guidance of Dr. Duru Arun Kumar.
The report explains racism,its causes, its effect and people's attitude towards racism.
The slides were prepared by Sahil Jain at IIIT-Delhi.
It deals with the various methods by which human transparency can be achieved. The various research that have been going on in different parts of the world have been depicted.
This report was submitted to complete the course requirement of "Qualitative & Quantitative Research Methods" at IIIT-Delhi in collaboration with Shubham Singhal.
This report was submitted as a course project for "ECO301- Introduction to Economics" at IIIT-Delhi in collaboration with Shubham Singhal.
Project guide: Prof. Shreemoy Mishra
The presentation describes the different ways of routing that takes place in Multicast Communication.
The presentation was prepared in collaboration with Shubham Singhal at IIIT-Delhi for the course "Technical Communication".
A survey of Cyber Foraging and Cloud Offload Techniques.
We present a survey of cyber foraging and
cloud computing techniques as a solution to aid computing on resource-constrained mobile devices. We also explain some
important cyber foraging systems and present a categorization of the existing approaches considering various factors like
their dynamics, granularity, metrics used, surrogate types and their overheads.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. » Generally used when normality assumption for the
sample does not hold and sample size is small
» Non-parametric statistical hypothesis test for
assessing whether one of two samples of
independent observations tends to have larger
values than the other.
3. » Select a random sample from each of the
populations
» Let n1 and n2 be the number of observations
in the smaller and larger sample respectively
» Arrange the combined n1+n2 observations in
ascending order and substitute a rank of 1,
2… to the n1 + n2 observations
» In the case of ties, we assign the conflicting
observations with their mean ranks
4.
5. » Our decision is based on the value of the test statistic
U(the random variable for u)
» For one-tail test: u1 or u2
» For two-tail test: u= min(u1, u2)
» Null hypothesis will be rejected whenever the
appropriate statistic U1, U2 or U assumes a value less
than or equal to the desired critical value.
Test Statistic ≤ Critical Value
H0 H1 Compute
µ1 < µ2 u1
µ1=µ2 µ1 > µ2 u2
µ1 ≠ µ2 u
6. Brand A 2.1 4.0 6.3 5.4 4.8 3.7 6.1 3.3
Brand B 4.1 0.6 3.1 2.5 4.0 6.2 1.6 2.2 1.9 5.4
The nicotine content of two brands of cigarette,
measured in mg, was found to be as given the table.
Test the hypothesis, at 0.05 level of significance, that
the median nicotine content of two brands are equal
against the alternative that they are unequal.
7. » H0 : µ1 = µ2
» H1 : µ1 ≠ µ2
» α = 0.05
» n1 =8
» n2 =10
» Critical Region: µ ≤ 17 (From Table)
» Computation Steps:
Arranging observations in ascending
order and assigning ranks from 1 to 18.
8.
9. DATA RANKS BRAND
0.6 1 B
1.6 2 B
1.9 3 B
2.1 4 A
2.2 5 B
2.5 6 B
3.1 7 B
3.3 8 A
3.7 9 A
4.0 10.5 A
4.0 10.5 B
4.1 12 B
4.8 13 A
5.4 14.5 A
5.4 14.5 B
6.1 16 A
6.2 17 B
6.3 18 A
• w1 = 4+8+9+10.5+13+14.5+16+18 = 93
• w2 = 1+2+3+5+6+7+10.5+12+14.5+17 = 78
• Therefore, u1 = 93-((8*9)/2) = 57
• u2 = 78-((10*11)/2) = 23
• Min(u1, u2) = 23 ( not ≤ 17)
Decision: Don't reject Null Hypothesis H0 and
conclude that there is no significant
difference in median nicotine contents of
two brands of cigarettes at 0.05 significance
level.
10. In a genetic inheritance study discussed by
Margolin[1988],samples of individuals from several
ethnic groups were taken. Blood samples
were collected from each individual and several variables
measured.
Here, we want to test the hypothesis that the median of
blood samples for Native Americans is the same as that
for Caucasians against the alternative hypothesis that the
median of the blood samples for Native Americans is less
than that for Caucasians.