- Soil is formed by the weathering of rocks and decomposition of dead plants and animals over long periods of time. - Soil has different layers with varying compositions - the topsoil at the surface contains more organic matter like humus while the subsoil and bedrock below contain fewer nutrients. - Soils also differ in texture depending on the size of their particles - sandy soil has large particles and drains quickly, silt soil has medium sized particles, and clay soil has the smallest particles and holds the most water.

2. -Soil is very important for all living things.
- It’s important for plants to grow.
-Humans need it to plant different fruits &
vegetables.

3. Have you
ever
wondered
how is the
soil formed?
My mum told
me it is
formed by
nature.
By nature?
How?
Well, let me
show you
how.

4. How is the soil formed?
-Rocks can change because
of the changes in the
weather, like rains & storms
& wind.
- After a long time, rocks can
break into small pieces.
- These small pieces are
called weathered rocks ,
they make a part of the soil.
1

5. 2
- Also when animals &
plants die, and we bury
them under the
ground, after many
years they start to
decay & break down,,
so they also make up a
part of the soil.

6. - The soil is made of a mixture of
What’s the soil made of?
Weathered rocks Humus Minerals
- They are formed
when the rocks
break down into
small pieces
because of the
weather changes.
- When animals &
plants die & we
burry them under
the ground, they
break down &
decay, this is:
Humus
- They are the
nutrients that
plants need to
grow.

7. Do you know
that the soil
have layers?
Really? Let’s
dig it & find
out the soil
layers.

8. Layers of the soil
Sub soill
Weathered bed rockl
Bed rockl
“Rock soil”
Top soil

9. 1- Top soil
-It is the top layer
of the soil.
- It’s dark in color.
-The humus &
minerals are found
in this layer.

10. 2- Sub soil
-It is under the top
soil.
- It’s lighter in
color than top soil
& has less humus.

11. 3- Bed rock
-It is the lowest
layer of the soil
below the sub soil.
-It is called:
rock soil

12. It grows in the desert,
in the sand
No, flowers
needs another
type of soil to
grow

13. Types of the soil
Sand soill
Silt soill
Clay soill

14. Sand soill
- The size of the particles of sand are large.
- There is too much air space between the sand
particles, so water passes fast & it holds very little
amount of water.
Particles
-It is dry soil.

15. Silt soill
- The size of the particles of silt are smaller than the sand.
- There is less air space between the silt particles, so
water passes slowly .
Particles

16. Clay soill
- The size of the particles of silt are very small “Cannot be
seen by your eyes”.
- There is no air space between the clay particles, so
water doesn’t pass & the clay holds lots of water inside
it.
Particles
- It’s wet soil.