Soil is formed over thousands of years as rocks break down from heat, rain, and wind. Dead plants and animals get mixed in as well. It takes a long time to form even a small amount of soil. Soil provides a medium for plants to grow, taking in water and nutrients through their roots. It contains layers of materials like stones, sand, clay, and humus formed from dead organic matter. Soil is essential for growing crops to support life.
Soil science for teachers (massive-the real dirt on soil)Moira Whitehouse
A very large Slide Show on soil. Useful for anyone without formal earth science training who might need to bone up or teach any aspect of soil. It's huge, 159 slides. It could also be split up into several lessons for students.
In this presentation, you can found that, what is soil, Definition of soil science and all details, properties of soil. This Presentation made by Md Rubel Hossain.
Thanks..
http://www.agrislide.com/
www.leadmoneymedia.com
please follow me here :
https://www.behance.net/rubel570
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Soil science for teachers (massive-the real dirt on soil)Moira Whitehouse
A very large Slide Show on soil. Useful for anyone without formal earth science training who might need to bone up or teach any aspect of soil. It's huge, 159 slides. It could also be split up into several lessons for students.
In this presentation, you can found that, what is soil, Definition of soil science and all details, properties of soil. This Presentation made by Md Rubel Hossain.
Thanks..
http://www.agrislide.com/
www.leadmoneymedia.com
please follow me here :
https://www.behance.net/rubel570
https://plus.google.com/u/0/+MdRubelHossain570
https://www.facebook.com/rubel570
"IMOPRIME REAL ESTATE CONSULTING " is OFFERING this beautiful apartment with 295m² in Barra da Tijuca-Rio de Janeiro, Living room with veranda and a magnificent view to Ocean and the Olympic curse of 2016 games, 04 suits, fully equipped kitchen, located in one of the most luxurious condominiums in Rio de Janeir - RISERVA UNO - with total infrastructure and security, for more information contacts us: imoprimeimoveis@gmail.com / +55-21-99210-1129
This is from a webinar presented by Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Worldwide called “Major Supply Chain Trends for 2014. The presenter is Dr. Edward Knab.
What is your level of confidence that your Flow Meter is accturate? We'll go over; the basics of flow measurement, typical WWTP flow meters, accuracy vs precision, considerations, layouts and design, common issues, and methods to check.
Exposes the elementary science student to the idea there are three major kinds of soil found on earth as well as the very important remains of dead plants and animals called humus. Discusses soil and humus along with as some of the properties of each.
The foundation of agricultural output is the soil. Soil is the consequence of a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes that take place when specific environmental conditions are met. The entire soil is made up of both live and nonliving elements.
This is slide about soil and its type. Soil erosion and soil conservation also discuseed. Preventive measure to check soil erosion. Soil importance also discussed here. You can get better knowledge of soil
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
2. Soil is the top layer of the earth where plants
grow.
Plants stay fixed to the with the help of their
roots.
Soil also provides water and nutrients to the
plant.
3. Once upon a time there were huge rocks on
the earth.
Over time, these rocks started breaking
because of the heat of the sun, rain, and wind.
Dead plants and animals got mixed with the
rock pieces.
The breaking of rocks continued for many
years, till rocks could not break further.
Finally, a layer of soil was formed.
4. Thus, soil is formed by the breaking down
of the rocks.
It takes thousands of years to form a small
amount of soil.
The colour of the soil differs from place to
place.
Soil may be light brown in one place and
dark brown in another.
in India, red soil and black soil are also
found.
5. When garden soil is mixed with water in a jar and
left undisturbed for some time, the soil settles down
into different layers.
The layer at the bottom consists of tiny stones.
Above it, there is a layer of fine sand.
Above the layer of sand, there is clay.
Then there is a layer of muddy water.
The remains of dead plants and animals floating on
water are called humus. Humus helps to hold water
and provide nutrients in the soil. Thus, humus
makes the soil fertile.
6.
7. When some garden soil is heated in a
container covered with a lid, drops of water
are noticed on the inside of the lid. This
shows that soil contains water.
The water in the soil forms vapour when
heated. The vapour touches the lid and cools
down to form droplets of water. The water
trapped in the soil is called moisture.
8.
9. When water is poured over soil kept in a jar,
air bubbles start forming.
This shows that soil contains air, trapped
between its particles.
When water is poured,
this air escapes in the
form of bubbles.
Air Bubbles
10. Remains: Small parts of dead plants and animals.
Nutrients: Materials that make the soil healthy and
are needed by the plants.
Fertile: Soil is said to be fertile when plants grow well
in it.
Manure: Animal wastes that are mixed with soil to
help plants grow well.
Humus: Small parts of dead plants and animals
present in the soil is called humus
Fact File:
Earthworms are called ‘farmers’ friends’.
Earthworms dig tunnels in the soil and live in them. While
doing this, they turn and loosen the soil.
11. Some uses of soil are as follows:
Plants need soil to grow. They take in water
and nutrients from the soil. Farmers grow
crops in the soil. They make the soil fertile by
adding manure.
Crops grow well in fertile soil. Without soil,
plants would have no place to grow. If there
were no plants, we would have nothing to eat.
Soil is home to many animals. Earthworms,
beetles, ants and snails are some animals
that live in soil.
