The document discusses several theories and factors related to helping behavior:
1. It explores the genetic and evolutionary roots of helping, including kin selection and reciprocity.
2. It analyzes the costs and benefits of helping from the perspective of social exchange theory.
3. It examines empathy and altruism, and how empathy can motivate helping those in need.
4. Additional factors discussed include gender differences, environmental influences, number of bystanders, and characteristics of victims that affect helping.
Social psychologists study the circumstances in which people offer help to others.Research shows that people are less likely to offer help to someone in distress if other people are also present and this is called the bystander effect.
Besides influences and reason for helping has also been discussed
Social psychologists study the circumstances in which people offer help to others.Research shows that people are less likely to offer help to someone in distress if other people are also present and this is called the bystander effect.
Besides influences and reason for helping has also been discussed
This is a research paper I made on Prosocial Behaviour. This is a school project, and the main purpose of me showing this to the outside world is to get feedback from the outside world. If you could help me with that, that would be great!
prosocialbehaviour
Voluntary actions that are intended to help or benefit another individual or group of individuals”
It is performed to benefit others by helping, sharing or comforting.
ALTRUISM:
Behavior that is motivated by an unselfish concern for the welfare of others.
When one person helps another person for
no reward, and even at some cost to oneself. This cost can be time, energy, effort or wealth etc.
Altruism involves no benefit of helper and hence it is selfless help.
Prosocial behavior, or intent to benefit others, is a social behavior that "benefit other people or society as a whole","such as helping, sharing, donating, co-operating, and volunteering". Obeying the rules and conforming to socially accepted behaviors (such as stopping at a "Stop" sign or paying for groceries) are also regarded as prosocial behaviors. These actions may be motivated by empathy and by concern about the welfare and rights of others, as well as for egoistic or practical concerns, such as one's social status or reputation, hope for direct or indirect reciprocity, or adherence to one's perceived system of fairness. It may also be motivated by altruism, though the existence of pure altruism is somewhat disputed, and some have argued that this falls into philosophical rather than psychological realm of debate. Evidence suggests that pro sociality is central to the well-being of social groups across a range of scales, including schools. Prosocial behavior in the classroom can have a significant impact on a student's motivation for learning and contributions to the classroom and larger community. In the workplace, prosocial behaviour can have a significant impact on team psychological safety, as well as positive indirect effects on employee's helping behaviors and task performance. Empathy is a strong motive in eliciting prosocial behavior, and has deep evolutionary roots.
Prosocial behavior fosters positive traits that are beneficial for children and society. It helps many beneficial functions by bettering production of any league and its organizational scale. Evolutionary psychologists use theories such as kin-selection theory and inclusive fitness as an explanation for why prosocial behavioral tendencies are passed down generationally, according to the evolutionary fitness displayed by those who engaged in prosocial acts. Encouraging prosocial behavior may also require decreasing or eliminating undesirable social behaviors.
Although the term "prosocial behavior" is often associated with developing desirable traits in children, the literature on the topic has grown since the late 1980s to include adult behaviors as well. The term "prosocial" has grown into a world-wide movement, using evolutionary science to create real-world pro-social changes from working groups to our whole culture.
Social psychological theories often distinguish between the altruistic and egoistic motivations for prosocial behavior. Altruistic behavior is specifically thought of as the type of prosocial behavior that is motivated by the genuine desire to benefit another person, without any expectation of benefits to one self. Coming back to the above hypothetical scenario, Charlie may be motivated to engage in merit bono work out of compassion for disadvantaged clients who particularly need his support.
Altruism is a theory which encapsulates the social, behavioural, ecological, physiological theories. Kin selection is an important aspect of altruism. It’s considered much of a prosocial behaviour. This paper embodies the altruistic theories and its characteristics
all information you need to know about the theory of altruism is in the slideshow..hope this helps everybody especially the IB students to complete your Theory of Knowledge assessments.
In order to realize a much lower cost to higher ed which producing much higher quality educations, those formerly known as students will need to be very helpful to each other on countless occasions. These slides look at twenty different occasions for us to be help to others.
This is a research paper I made on Prosocial Behaviour. This is a school project, and the main purpose of me showing this to the outside world is to get feedback from the outside world. If you could help me with that, that would be great!
prosocialbehaviour
Voluntary actions that are intended to help or benefit another individual or group of individuals”
It is performed to benefit others by helping, sharing or comforting.
ALTRUISM:
Behavior that is motivated by an unselfish concern for the welfare of others.
When one person helps another person for
no reward, and even at some cost to oneself. This cost can be time, energy, effort or wealth etc.
Altruism involves no benefit of helper and hence it is selfless help.
Prosocial behavior, or intent to benefit others, is a social behavior that "benefit other people or society as a whole","such as helping, sharing, donating, co-operating, and volunteering". Obeying the rules and conforming to socially accepted behaviors (such as stopping at a "Stop" sign or paying for groceries) are also regarded as prosocial behaviors. These actions may be motivated by empathy and by concern about the welfare and rights of others, as well as for egoistic or practical concerns, such as one's social status or reputation, hope for direct or indirect reciprocity, or adherence to one's perceived system of fairness. It may also be motivated by altruism, though the existence of pure altruism is somewhat disputed, and some have argued that this falls into philosophical rather than psychological realm of debate. Evidence suggests that pro sociality is central to the well-being of social groups across a range of scales, including schools. Prosocial behavior in the classroom can have a significant impact on a student's motivation for learning and contributions to the classroom and larger community. In the workplace, prosocial behaviour can have a significant impact on team psychological safety, as well as positive indirect effects on employee's helping behaviors and task performance. Empathy is a strong motive in eliciting prosocial behavior, and has deep evolutionary roots.
Prosocial behavior fosters positive traits that are beneficial for children and society. It helps many beneficial functions by bettering production of any league and its organizational scale. Evolutionary psychologists use theories such as kin-selection theory and inclusive fitness as an explanation for why prosocial behavioral tendencies are passed down generationally, according to the evolutionary fitness displayed by those who engaged in prosocial acts. Encouraging prosocial behavior may also require decreasing or eliminating undesirable social behaviors.
Although the term "prosocial behavior" is often associated with developing desirable traits in children, the literature on the topic has grown since the late 1980s to include adult behaviors as well. The term "prosocial" has grown into a world-wide movement, using evolutionary science to create real-world pro-social changes from working groups to our whole culture.
Social psychological theories often distinguish between the altruistic and egoistic motivations for prosocial behavior. Altruistic behavior is specifically thought of as the type of prosocial behavior that is motivated by the genuine desire to benefit another person, without any expectation of benefits to one self. Coming back to the above hypothetical scenario, Charlie may be motivated to engage in merit bono work out of compassion for disadvantaged clients who particularly need his support.
Altruism is a theory which encapsulates the social, behavioural, ecological, physiological theories. Kin selection is an important aspect of altruism. It’s considered much of a prosocial behaviour. This paper embodies the altruistic theories and its characteristics
all information you need to know about the theory of altruism is in the slideshow..hope this helps everybody especially the IB students to complete your Theory of Knowledge assessments.
In order to realize a much lower cost to higher ed which producing much higher quality educations, those formerly known as students will need to be very helpful to each other on countless occasions. These slides look at twenty different occasions for us to be help to others.
Company needs profit to run and that profit comes from customers and to get customers, a company needs sales person,Thus the sales force play a crucial role in the existence of a company. If their performance is good , company will do good.and to maintain this level of efficiency, management is need. Yes! Their is a need to manage the sales force performance & this can be done by continuous evaluating and appraising their performance. Here are some factors that affect their performance & some methods to evaluate their perfomance that are mostly used now a days by many organization.
PPT on the problem of food security in India and related issues such as hunger,famine,public distribution system in india based on the Economics textbook for class 9th from NCERT.
Effective Altruism Essay
The Causes of Altruism Essay
Altruism In Nursing Essay
Reflection On Altruism
Altruism in Everyday Life Essay
What Is Altruism?
Effective Altruism Essay
The Causes of Altruism Essay
Altruism In Nursing Essay
Reflection On Altruism
Altruism in Everyday Life Essay
What Is Altruism?
Introduction
Types of prosocial behaviour
Proactive
Reactive
Altruistic
Examples
Factors affecting proactive behaviour
External factors
Situational factors
Internal factors
Why do people fail to help in emergency
Bystander effect
ALTRUISM AND HELPING OTHER SENSATION.pptxHaniJaleel
This ppt provides a brief search about altruism and helping other sensations in psychology. This document can help undergraduate students to improve their academic results.
PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR. What is Prosocial Behavior?. Prosocial Behavior is voluntary behavior that is carried out to benefit another person There are 2 basic forms of helping Egoistic helping A form of helping in which the ultimate goal of the helper is to increase his or her own welfare
PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR. What is Prosocial Behavior?. Prosocial Behavior is voluntary behavior that is carried out to benefit another person There are 2 basic forms of helping Egoistic helping A form of helping in which the ultimate goal of the helper is to increase his or her own welfare
Fi 360 Presentation By Wayne Miller 2008goldenhinde
My presentation to the FI 360 Conference in May 2008. I was told by the conference organizer that it was the highest rated presentation at the conference.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
3. •Why do we help?
•Is helping "baked" in our
genes?
•Why do we sometimes run a
great risk to help others?
•Is helping only favorable for
the people that we help, or is
it also beneficial to
ourselves?
7. •Individual Difference:
The Altruistic Personality
•Gender Differences in
Prosocial Behavior
•The Effect of Mood on Helping:
Feel Good , Do Good
8.
9. •Rural Versus Urban
Environment
•The Number of Bystanders:
The Bystander Effect
•Characteristics of the Victim
10. Two Fundamental Assumptions
1. Many social behavior have genetic
roots, so that people who have certain
genes are more likely to perform these
behavior.
2. That evolutionary pressures have
favored some of these social behaviors
over others , so that they are fixed part
of our genetic heritage.
11. Notion of Kin Selection:
The idea that behaviors that help a
genetic relative are favored by natural
selection
12. Norm of Reciprocity :
The assumption that others will treat
us the way we treat them
(e.g. if we help someone, he / she will
help in return)
back
13. The theory that social relationships are
best understood by people’s desire to
maximize their benefits and minimize
their cost
14. Rewarding in three Ways:
1.Concept of reciprocity
2.Relieves the personal distress of
bystander
3.To obtain recognition and positive
feedback at low cost
back
15. Empathy
The ability to put oneself in the shoes of
another person – to experience events
and emotion the way that person
experiences them.
16. Empathy – Altruism Hypothesis
The theory holding that when we feel
empathy for a person, we will attempt to
help him or her, regardless of what we
have to gain
17. • Altruistic is sometimes motivated by
self – interest
• Self rewards should come into play
only when people do not feel much
empathy
• Motivated by egoistic desire to relive
their sadness, not by a completely
altruistic concern.
18. YOU WILL HELP ONLY IF IT
IS YOUR SELF-INTEREST
NO (REWARD OUTWEIGHT
COST)
DO FEEL
EMPHATY FOR
THIS PERSON?
YOU WILL HELP
REGARDLESS OF
YES WETHER IT IS IN
YOUR SELF-INTEREST
TO DO SO
19. Three Basic Motives Underlying
Prosocial Behavior
1.The idea of helping is an instinctive
reaction to protect and promote the
welfare of those genetically similar and
that we have to evolved genetically to
follow the norm of reciprocity.
2. the notion that the rewards of helping
outweigh the costs, making it in the
people ‘s self interest to help (social
exchange theory).
20. 3. The concept that under some
conditions, powerful feelings of
empathy & compassion for the
victim prompt selfless giving
(empathy – altruism hypothesis).
back
21. Believing we are helping
someone in order to get a
reward diminishes our view of
ourselves as altruistic, selfless
people
22. Children learn prosocial
behavior by imitating
others, as in this family, where
the children help their parents
carry in the groceries
23. Altruistic Personality
•Those aspects of a person’s
makeup which are said to make
him or her likely to help others in
wide variety of situation
back
24. IN WESTERN CULTURE:
MALE SEX ROLE:
Chivalrous & Heroic
As A Result:
We expect men to help
more in situations that call for
brief Chivalrous & Heroic acts
25. IN WESTERN CULTURE
FEMALE SEX ROLE:
Nurturing & Caring(valuing
close, long-term relationship)
As a Result:
We expect women to
involve in less dangerous but
more committed acts. back
26. The mood the people happen to
be in at the time can strongly
affect their behavior – in this
case, whether or not they will
offer help
27.
28. 1. Good moods make us look
on the bright side of life.
2. “Feel good, Do good”
occurs because it is an
excellent way of prolonging
our good mood.
3. Good moods increases self-
attention.
29.
30. 1. Reducing Guilt Feeling:
The idea that good
deeds, cancel bad deeds.
2. Relive their Own Sadness &
Distress:
Help someone else
with the goal of helping
self
31. 3. Repair Moods in Some
Other Way:
When we feel blue, we
are also likely to help in
some totally unrelated
way.
32. Potential Problem of Negative –
State Relief:
•It only focuses on the short
– term benefits
“I will help only if there
are immediate benefits from
me”
33. NEGATIVE – STATE RELIEF HYPOTHESIS:
The idea that people help in
order to alleviate their own
sadness and distress.
back
34.
35. WHO HELPS MORE?:
RURAL AREA: URBAN AREA:
• People who grow up • People who grows in
in small town learn large cities might
to be more learn, you can’t trust
neighborly. strangers.
• Neighborliness • That it is to mind
makes them more your own business.
trusting and
altruistic.
36. URBAN – OVERLOAD HYPOTHESIS:
The theory that people living
in cities are likely to keep to
themselves in order to avoid
being overloaded by all the
stimulations they receive.
back
37.
38. THE BYSTANDER EFFECT
The finding that the grater the
number of bystanders who
witness an emergency, the less
likely anyone of them is to
help.
39. INTERPRET THE
KNOW INTERVENE &
NOTICE ASSUME APPROPRIATE IMPLEMENT
THE EVENT
EVENT AS AN
RESPONSIBILITY FORM OF DECISION OFFER
EMERGENCY
ASSISTANCE ASSISTANCE
DIFFUSION OF LACK OF
DISTRACTED PLURALISTIC NO
RESPONSIBILITY DANGER TO SELF;
IGNORANCE KNOWLEDGE
; FAILED TO (fail to assume
/
EEMBARASMENT; INTERVENTION/
(interpret as personal LEGAL CONCERNS
NOTICE non emergency) responsibility) COMPETENCE NO HELP GIVEN
40. PLURALISTIC IGNORANCE
The phenomenon whereby
bystanders assume that
nothing is wrong in an
emergency, because one else is
concerned.
41. DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY
The phenomenon hereby each
bystander’s sense of
responsibility to help decreases
as the number of witnesses
increases.
back
43. MORE INCLINED TO HELP
STRANGERS RATHER THAN FRIENDS
It hurts to see a close friend
do better than us in an area of
keen importance to our
self – esteem.
44. WE WOULD LIKE TO THANK:
PROF. GERALDINE SANTOS
&
BS Clinical Psychology II-1
FROM GROUP IX:
Batara, Rona Lyn
CABUENAS, Ann Margaret B.
GARCES, Jericho
GARCIA, Justine Mae
PAYUMO, Nazarene