Helping behavior
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This document discusses helping behavior and why people help others. It defines key concepts like altruism and prosocial behavior. Some reasons people help include social norms like reciprocity and social responsibility, sociobiology, social exchange to receive benefits, empathy and similarity to others. Social norms are social rules that people should help those who help them or depend on them. Social exchange theory suggests people help to maximize benefits and minimize costs. People are more likely to help those they feel empathy for or who are similar. Circumstances like mood, closeness to the person in need, and noticing the need also influence whether and how people provide help.
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This document summarizes research on prosocial behavior and factors that influence helping others. It discusses key concepts like altruism, heroism, bystander effect, and diffusion of responsibility. Several studies are described that explore how the number of bystanders, mood, personality traits like empathy, and situational factors can impact whether someone helps in an emergency situation. The document also examines motivations for prosocial acts and long-term volunteering commitments from perspectives of empathy, self-interest, genetic determinism, and other theories.
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Pro social behaviour social psychology
prosocialbehaviour
Voluntary actions that are intended to help or benefit another individual or group of individuals”
It is performed to benefit others by helping, sharing or comforting.
ALTRUISM:
Behavior that is motivated by an unselfish concern for the welfare of others.
When one person helps another person for
no reward, and even at some cost to oneself. This cost can be time, energy, effort or wealth etc.
Altruism involves no benefit of helper and hence it is selfless help.
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prosocialbehaviour
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This document discusses different motivations for prosocial behavior. It defines prosocial behavior as helpful actions that benefit others without direct benefits to the person helping. Several hypotheses for motivations are described, including empathy-altruism, where helping makes one feel good; negative-state relief, where helping reduces one's own negative emotions; and empathetic joy, where helping brings positive emotions from making an impact. Genetic determinism is also discussed, where helping enhances passing on one's genes. The document concludes that people engage in prosocial behavior for both selfish and unselfish reasons, and different hypotheses try to explain these motivations, like reducing one's distress or feeling good from helping others.
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I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
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Social cognition involves how people think about themselves and the social world to make judgments and decisions. There are two types of thinking - automatic thinking which is quick and nonconscious, and controlled thinking which is deliberate and effortful. Schemas are mental structures that organize our knowledge about people and events. Schemas are useful but can also lead to biases as they influence what information we attend to and remember. Other cognitive shortcuts like heuristics and priming can also lead to errors in social cognition. Affect and cognition have a reciprocal relationship, as our feelings shape our thoughts and vice versa.
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Social psychology has evolved over centuries from early philosophers' theories to modern experimental research. It developed in three stages: [1] social philosophy with discussions but no data; [2] social empiricism with systematic data collection but no experiments; and [3] social analysis with causation studies and experiments. In the 20th century, wartime studies of prejudice and propaganda increased interest. Research expanded to include cognition, attitudes, relationships, and groups. Field studies now complement controlled experiments. Social psychology continues to investigate diverse topics with implications for society such as leadership, terrorism, and cultural influences on behavior.
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This document discusses different motivations for prosocial behavior. It defines prosocial behavior as helpful actions that benefit others without direct benefits to the person helping. Several hypotheses for motivations are described, including empathy-altruism, where helping makes one feel good; negative-state relief, where helping reduces one's own negative emotions; and empathetic joy, where helping brings positive emotions from making an impact. Genetic determinism is also discussed, where helping enhances passing on one's genes. The document concludes that people engage in prosocial behavior for both selfish and unselfish reasons, and different hypotheses try to explain these motivations, like reducing one's distress or feeling good from helping others.
What is social psychology?
According to psychologist Gordon Allport, social psychology is a discipline that uses scientific methods "to understand and explain how the thought, feeling and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings" (1985).
Briefly this field has been discussed.
Prosocial behavior
Prosocial behavior refers to voluntary actions that are intended to benefit others. It is motivated by concern for others' welfare and needs, rather than personal gain. There are several reasons why people engage in prosocial behavior, including social exchange where people help when rewards outweigh costs, social norms of reciprocity and responsibility, and evolutionary motives like kin selection. Situational factors also influence prosocial behavior, such as being more likely to help in rural areas than urban areas due to social ties, and the bystander effect where people are less likely to help in crowds due to diffusion of responsibility.
Social cognition
Social cognition involves encoding, storing, retrieving, and processing social information in the brain about conspecifics. It involves both automatic and controlled processing. Schemas are mental frameworks that help organize social information and act as filters, but can also lead to errors and biases like stereotyping. Heuristics are simple rules or mental shortcuts used to make judgments that can be erroneous. Affect and cognition interact, as current moods and emotions can influence thoughts, memories, and judgments. Feelings shape thoughts and thoughts shape feelings in social cognition.
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This document provides an overview of the nature and scope of social psychology. It discusses how social psychology examines social situational influences on individual psychology and behavior, as well as the mutual influence between individuals and situations. The scope of social psychology can be expansive, as it considers the influence of real or imagined others, as well as broader ecological and cultural factors. While related to sociology, social psychology focuses primarily on measuring psychological responses at the individual level through experimental methods. It also differentiates itself from personality psychology by emphasizing how situations and subjective perceptions shape outcomes more than stable personality traits.
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Hans Eysenck theorized personality to be genetically embedded. He narrowed personality to 3 types Psychoticism, Neuroticism and Extroverted
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1) The document discusses several classic social psychology experiments and concepts related to social influence, conformity, compliance and obedience. It summarizes Solomon Asch's conformity experiments, Milgram's obedience experiments, and techniques of persuasion and compliance.
2) Key factors that influence conformity include group cohesiveness, size, social and situational norms. Asch found that one-third of participants conformed to an incorrect group opinion.
3) Milgram showed that ordinary people may obey destructive commands, especially when authority figures assume responsibility and issues are gradual. The document outlines ways to resist destructive obedience.
4) Techniques to gain compliance include reciprocity, scarcity and others discussed in Cialdini's
Conformity
Conformity involves changing your behaviors in order to "fit in" or "go along" with the people around you. In some cases, this social influence might involve agreeing with or acting like the majority of people in a specific group, or it might involve behaving in a particular way in order to be perceived as "normal" by the group.
Carl Jung Theory of Personality
Carl Jung expanded Freud's theory of the unconscious to include a collective unconscious shared among all humans. This collective unconscious contains archetypes - common patterns and symbols representing human experiences like heroes and mothers. Jung also described extraverted and introverted personality types, as well as types that make decisions rationally through thinking or feeling, and irrationally through sensation or intuition.
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I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
Impression formation
1. Impression formation is the process by which people develop perceptions of others based on limited initial information and cues.
2. Solomon Asch conducted experiments showing that people rely heavily on a few central traits to form initial impressions, and that the order and context of trait information influences the impressions formed.
3. Additional research has identified several factors that influence impression formation, including roles, physical cues, salient features, categorization, and context effects. People tend to quickly make inferences about others' personality traits from limited behavioral and contextual information.
Psychology of aggression
This document provides an overview of the psychology of aggression and violence. It begins with definitions of key terms like aggression, violence, and excitement. It then discusses various classifications and types of aggression, including hostile vs instrumental aggression. The document outlines several models of aggression, including biological, psychological, and social learning theories. It discusses various determinants of aggression including social, environmental, and situational factors. Finally, it proposes several methods for reducing aggression, such as punishment, catharsis, modeling non-aggressive behavior, teaching communication skills, building empathy, and aggression replacement training.
Social perception
This document discusses several key concepts in social perception:
1. Nonverbal communication plays an important role in social perception. Facial expressions, eye contact, body language, posture, and touching can all reveal emotional and mental states. Basic emotions are often expressed through specific facial movements.
2. Attribution refers to how people seek to understand the behaviors of others by inferring underlying traits or motives. Correspondent inference theory holds that behaviors perceived as freely chosen and distinctive are more likely to be attributed to internal traits. Kelley's theory examines how attribution is influenced by consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness.
3. Impression formation is the process by which people combine diverse information to form unified impressions of others. Initial
Social cognition
Social cognition refers to how people process and respond to social information. It involves interpreting social cues, analyzing social situations, and remembering social information using mental structures called schemas. Schemas help organize our knowledge about social roles, people, and events. When making judgments with limited time and information, people rely on mental shortcuts called heuristics. However, social cognition is not always rational and can involve errors like unrealistic optimism and counterfactual thinking.
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a type cognitive therapy first used by Albert Ellis which focuses on resolving emotional and behavioral problems. The goal of the therapy is to change irrational beliefs to more rational ones.
REBT encourages a person to identify their general and irrational beliefs (e.g. I must be perfect") and subsequently persuades the person to challenge these false beliefs through reality testing.
Theories of personality
This document provides an overview of personality theories including trait theory, psychodynamic theory, and defense mechanisms. It summarizes Sigmund Freud's psychodynamic theory which proposes that personality is determined by unconscious drives and conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. Freud believed people progress through psychosexual stages from birth to adulthood and that fixation at a stage can influence personality traits. The document also outlines common defense mechanisms used to protect the ego such as denial, repression, and rationalization.
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In the train station waiting for your scheduled departure you notice a woman drop her ticket. The man behind her picks it up and returns it to her. She accepts it with a smile of relief and hurries off to catch her train. This may be an ordinary occurrence, but it leaves us with the question of why the man helped the woman by returning her ticket. Was he hoping to make a connection and get her phone number? Was he hoping for a reward? Did he want to look like a hero? Or, even though he was a stranger and not helping would not have affected him, was he just trying to make sure she made her train? When we help others, do we help because we truly care about the welfare of the other person, or are we helping with the hope of helping ourselves? This is the basic question in the debate about altruism. Altruism occurs when our motive for our behavior is entirely for the interest of others and is not motivated by self-interest. On the other hand, when we do something entirely for self-interest, we are being egoistic.
Imagine you bought the person sitting next to you in the train station coffee and a bagel. If you bought those treats for your neighbor entirely because you wanted to make that person happy, you would have acted altruistically. Your ultimate goal was the happiness of the other person. An ultimate goal is the true goal, the end toward which one is aiming. In these types of situations we can also talk about another type of goal called an instrumental goal. Instrumental goals are the things we do to obtain our ultimate goal. Your instrumental goal was to buy the coffee and bagel and give them to your neighbor. As stepping stones toward our ultimate goals, instrumental goals may change depending on our ability to do them. If coffee and a bagel were not available, you might have told your neighbor a funny story or given him or her $5 to reach your ultimate goal of making that person happy.
When you engage in actions for altruistic motives, your ultimate goal is the welfare of the other person, not yourself. You might receive benefits for your action. The other person might show gratitude, your significant other might be impressed by your generosity and give you a kiss, or you might look good in front of your boss who is waiting in the train station with you. If you received benefits for an action, was your action still altruistic? Yes: when self-benefits are an unintended consequence of an action, that action may be truly altruistic. With altruism, the ultimate goal is still the welfare of others, and the action would have been done whether or not the self-benefits were present (Batson, 2010).
Using this terminology, actions undertaken for egoistic motives involve an ultimate goal of self-benefit (that kiss from your significant other) with the happiness of the other pe.
ALTRUISM.PPTX
Altruism involves the unselfish concern for other people.
It involves doing things simply out of a desire to help,
But not obligated out of duty, loyalty, or religious reasons.
Everyday life is filled with small acts of altruism
Person who offering his own seats in a Bus to OLD/LADIES
Giving money to a Beggar
Offering blanket to the shivering person on the street.
But stories of grander cases of altruism becomes news
Generous donor giving thousands of Rs to a local charity.
Person /Corporate giving help in pandemic
Question is
“why it occurs?”
What inspires these acts of kindness?
Social PsychologyWe cannot live for ourselves alone. Al.docx
Social Psychology
We cannot live for ourselves alone. All of our lives are connected by a thousand invisible threads…..
What is Social PsychologySocial Psychology: The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
Social Psychologists: Explore the connections between people by scientifically studying how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
Attribution TheoryPeople usually attribute others’ behavior either to their internal dispositions or to their external situation (is the behavior due to the person’s situation or disposition).
A teacher may wonder if a child’s hostility reflects an aggressive personality or a reaction to stress or abuse.
Problem: Fundamental Attribution Error (overestimating the influence of personality and underestimating the influence of situations)
Republican vs. Democrat (people vs. society / Katrina)
Attitudes and ActionsAttitudes are feelings, based on our beliefs, that predispose our reactions to objects, people, and events.
If we believe someone is mean, we may feel dislike for the person and act unfriendly.
Attitudes Affect Action and Vice VersaOur attitudes often affect our actions.
Example of Attitude affecting Action:
Democratic leaders didn’t agree with President Bush’s decision to attack Iraq but voted in support of it anyway because of overwhelming public support for Bush.
Similarly, our actions often affect our attitudes.
Example of Action affecting Attitude:
Cult involvement (Brainwashing)
Initially you disagree but you become involved and feel acceptance based on the actions of the cult leaders and end up forming a positive opinion of the cult.
Foot-In-The-Door PhenomenonThe tendency for people who agree to a small action to comply later with a larger one.
To get people to agree to something big, start small and build.
A small thing makes the next one, although slightly larger, seem “not so bad” (i.e. stealing / gangs).
Works for good things, too (contributions).
Role playing affects attitude (you’re a parent/student now)
Zimbardo Experiment of 1972
Social InfluenceWhy do things like suicides and school violence (Columbine, etc.) come in groups?
Answer…Conformity and Obedience:
Behavior is contagious (yawn/traffic gawkers)
We are natural mimics (our attempt at feeling the way others do – this is how we learn empathy)
We’re happy around happy people and sad around sad people.
Group Pressure and ConformityDefinition of Conformity: Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Conditions that strengthen conformity:
When you are made to feel incompetent/insecure
When a group has at least three people
When the group is unanimous
When one admires the group’s status
When others in the group observe one’s behavior
i.e. sorority
Why Do We Conform?Normative Social Influence:
We are sensitive to social norms – understood rules for accepted and expected behavior – because the price we pay for being d.
prosocialbehaviour
This document discusses prosocial behavior and factors that influence helping others. It defines prosocial behavior as voluntary actions intended to benefit others. Key points include:
- Altruism involves helping others at some cost to oneself with no expected reward. Kin selection theory and reciprocity can motivate altruism.
- People are more likely to help when rewards exceed costs and when norms of social responsibility and justice apply. Empathy and positive moods also increase helping.
- The bystander effect occurs when people are less likely to help in emergencies when others are present due to diffusion of responsibility. Reducing ambiguity and increasing responsibility can increase helping.
Altruism
What causes people to jeopardize their own health and well-being to help other people?
What is it that inspires individuals to give their time, energy, and money to aid in the betterment of others, even when they receive nothing tangible in return?
Altruism involves the unselfish concern for other people.
It involves doing things simply out of a desire to help, not because you feel obligated to out of duty, loyalty, or religious reasons.
Everyday life is filled with small acts of altruism, from the person who offers his own seats in a Bus OLD/LADIES to the person who gives money to a Beggar or offering blanket to the shivering person on the street.
Psychological explantion for the same has been discussed
Similar to Helping behavior (20)
Prosocial behaviour and altruistic Behaviour Determinants
Prosocial behaviour and altruistic Behaviour Determinants
lecture-9-prosocial-behaviour-1192604828567351-4.pptx
lecture-9-prosocial-behaviour-1192604828567351-4.pptx
12.1 AltruismTwo people decided to be altruistic and help .docx
12.1 AltruismTwo people decided to be altruistic and help .docx
Social PsychologyWe cannot live for ourselves alone. Al.docx
Social PsychologyWe cannot live for ourselves alone. Al.docx
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留信网认证的作用:
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2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
在线制作加拿大萨省大学毕业证文凭证书实拍图原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【加拿大萨省大学毕业证文凭证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版布拉德福德大学毕业证（bradford毕业证）如何办理
一模一样【微信：A575476】【布拉德福德大学毕业证（bradford毕业证）成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Resumes, Cover Letters, and Applying Online
This webinar showcases resume styles and the elements that go into building your resume. Every job application requires unique skills, and this session will show you how to improve your resume to match the jobs to which you are applying. Additionally, we will discuss cover letters and learn about ideas to include. Every job application requires unique skills so learn ways to give you the best chance of success when applying for a new position. Learn how to take advantage of all the features when uploading a job application to a company’s applicant tracking system.
一比一原版(UVic毕业证)维多利亚大学毕业证如何办理
UVic毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】《如何办理UVic毕业证维多利亚大学文凭学历》【Q微信95270640】《维多利亚大学文凭学历证书》《维多利亚大学毕业证书与成绩单样本图片》毕业证书补办 Fake Degree做学费单《毕业证明信-推荐信》成绩单，录取通知书，Offer，在读证明，雅思托福成绩单，真实大使馆教育部认证，回国人员证明，留信网认证。网上存档永久可查！
如果您是以下情况，我们都能竭诚为您解决实际问题：【公司采用定金+余款的付款流程，以最大化保障您的利益，让您放心无忧】
1、在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业，拿不到官方毕业证+微信95270640
2、面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到维多利亚大学维多利亚大学毕业证成绩单；
3、不清楚流程以及材料该如何准备维多利亚大学维多利亚大学毕业证成绩单；
4、回国时间很长，忘记办理；
5、回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
6、企事业单位必须要求办理的；
面向美国乔治城大学毕业留学生提供以下服务:
【★维多利亚大学维多利亚大学毕业证成绩单毕业证、成绩单等全套材料，从防伪到印刷，从水印到钢印烫金，与学校100%相同】
【★真实使馆认证（留学人员回国证明），使馆存档可通过大使馆查询确认】
【★真实教育部认证，教育部存档，教育部留服网站可查】
【★真实留信认证，留信网入库存档，可查维多利亚大学维多利亚大学毕业证成绩单】
我们从事工作十余年的有着丰富经验的业务顾问，熟悉海外各国大学的学制及教育体系，并且以挂科生解决毕业材料不全问题为基础，为客户量身定制1对1方案，未能毕业的回国留学生成功搭建回国顺利发展所需的桥梁。我们一直努力以高品质的教育为起点，以诚信、专业、高效、创新作为一切的行动宗旨，始终把“诚信为主、质量为本、客户第一”作为我们全部工作的出发点和归宿点。同时为海内外留学生提供大学毕业证购买、补办成绩单及各类分数修改等服务；归国认证方面，提供《留信网入库》申请、《国外学历学位认证》申请以及真实学籍办理等服务，帮助众多莘莘学子实现了一个又一个梦想。
专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我
如果您真实毕业回国，对于学历认证无从下手，请联系我，我们免费帮您递交
诚招代理：本公司诚聘当地代理人员，如果你有业余时间，或者你有同学朋友需要，有兴趣就请联系我
你赢我赢，共创双赢
你做代理，可以帮助维多利亚大学同学朋友
你做代理，可以拯救维多利亚大学失足青年
你做代理，可以挽救维多利亚大学一个个人才
你做代理，你将是别人人生维多利亚大学的转折点
你做代理，可以改变自己，改变他人，给他人和自己一个机会嘿的笑连连说记得记得但别忘了拿奖状进城啊考试一结束山娃就迫不及待地给父亲挂电话：爸我拿奖了三好学生接我进城吧父亲果然没有食言第二天就请假回家接山娃离开爷爷奶奶的那一刻山娃又伤心得泪如雨下宛如军人奔赴前线般难舍和悲壮卧空调大巴挤长蛇列车山娃发现车上挤满了叽叽喳喳的同龄人皆一脸惊喜地四处瞅山娃不认识他们也无暇去套近乎一味地跟着父亲昼夜兼程第二天凌晨就辗转到了父亲的城哇父亲的城真的好大好美哟走出广州火父
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Helping behavior
- 2. Helping Behavior: Refers to voluntary action intended to help the other with reward regarded or disregarded.
- 3. Key concept: Altruism Prosocial behavior
- 4. Altruism: Helping another person with no expectation of receiving a reward. Prosocial Behavior: Behavior that helps others regardless of the helper’s motive.
- 5. Why do we help? (Reasons) Social norms Sociobiology Social Exchange Empathy and Altruism Similarity
- 6. Social Norms: Two basic social norms are common in human societies. 1) Norm of reciprocity 2) Norm of social responsibility
- 7. Norm of Reciprocity: Social rule that we are obligated to help those who help us. “if you don’t go somebody’s funeral, they won’t come to yours” (yogi Berra) (e.g. if we help someone, he / she will help in return)
- 8. Norm of social responsibility Social rule that we should help those who depend on us. (e.g. parents care for their children, teachers guide student)
- 9. Social Exchange: Social exchange theory : The theory that social relationships are best understood by people’s desire to maximize their benefits and minimize their cost. To obtain recognition and positive feedback at low cost “man do not value a good deed unless it brings a reward” (Ovid, Epistulae ex ponto)
- 10. Sociobiology: Instinct and Genes Empathy and Altruism: The Pure Motive for Helping
- 11. Empathy – Altruism Hypothesis The theory holding that when we feel empathy for a person, we will attempt to help him or her, regardless of what we have to gain
- 12. Similarity We are more likely to help to people who are similar to us than dissimilar
- 13. Reducing Guilt Feeling: The idea that good deeds, cancel bad deeds. Relive their Own Sadness & Distress: Help someone else with the goal of helping self
- 14. Why Do Some People Help More Than Others? The Effect of Mood on Helping: Feel Good , Do Good Closeness : more likely to help those we know
- 15. “it’s curious how, when you’re in love, you yearn to go about doing acts of kindness to everybody. (P.G Wodehouse, the mating season ,1949)
- 16. When will we help? What circumstances prompt people to help, or not to help?
- 17. NO help NO help NO help Try to help Interpret as emergency? Assume responsibility? Notice the incident?
- 18. WE WOULD LIKE TO THANK: M’aam & Whole class FROM GROUP 4: Nadeem Qasmi