Whole Sale Price Index
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The wholesale price index (WPI) measures the average monthly price changes of goods sold in bulk between traders. It tracks price changes before the retail level and is used by the Reserve Bank of India and the government to monitor inflation trends and form monetary policies. The WPI is calculated using a fixed base year and Laspeyre's formula, which weights commodity prices by their importance. While it provides timely inflation data, the WPI only covers goods prices and may not accurately reflect consumer prices.
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Wholesale Price Index
Index that traces the relative changes in the price of an individual good (or a market
basket of goods) over time
It is also substituted for the annual average inflation at times
It gives an idea of the week-to-week fluctuations in the prices of all the traded
commodities in the country as a whole
It is calculated for wholesale prices in which the quantities of the base year and
current year are different
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This document discusses index numbers, which are statistical tools used to measure relative changes in variables such as prices or quantities over time. It defines index numbers and outlines their key features and types, including price, quantity, value, simple and composite index numbers. The document also describes several methods for constructing index numbers, such as Laspeyre's method, Paasche's method, Fisher's ideal method and consumer price indexes. Index numbers are expressed as percentages and measure the effect of changes over periods of time.
Index number
This document discusses index numbers, which are statistical tools used to measure relative changes in variables such as prices or quantities over time. It defines index numbers and outlines their key features and types, including price, quantity, value, simple and composite index numbers. The document also describes several methods for constructing index numbers, such as Laspeyre's method, Paasche's method, Fisher's ideal method and consumer price indexes. Index numbers are expressed as percentages and measure the effect of changes over periods of time.
Presentation on CVP Analysis, Break Even Point & Applications of Marginal Cos...
CVP analysis helps managers understand the relationship between cost, volume, and profit by examining how price, volume, variable costs, fixed costs, and product mix interact. It is used to determine what products to make/sell, pricing policies, marketing strategies, and facility investments. The break-even point is where total costs and revenues are equal, and no profit or loss has occurred. Marginal costing is used to set optimal prices, evaluate price reductions, choose product mixes, calculate safety margins, and set different prices for different customers.
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Inflation
Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in prices for goods and services. There are two main theories for the causes of inflation: demand-pull, where too much money chases too few goods, and cost-push, where companies raise prices to maintain profits as costs increase. India calculates inflation using the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) and Consumer Price Index (CPI), though WPI is outdated and CPI has time lags in reporting. While India recently saw negative inflation rates, food prices are still affecting people despite the overall decline in inflation.
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Cost and management accounting provides managers with detailed cost information to control operations and plan for the future. Cost accounting information is used for financial accounting and by managers for decision making. Management accounting provides economic and financial information for internal users. Cost concepts like cost objects, cost pools, and cost drivers are introduced. Costs are classified by elements, functions, traceability, behavior, and controllability. Product costs include direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead and become inventory until goods are sold. Period costs are expenses of the current period. Job order costing and process costing are introduced as costing systems. Just-in-time processing, activity-based costing, cost-volume-profit analysis, contribution margin,
Indian Stock Market Using Machine Learning(Volume1, oct 2017)
This document summarizes a research paper that uses machine learning and financial ratios to classify stocks traded on the Indian stock market as either "outperformers" or "underperformers" based on their rate of return. The study uses quarterly data from 50 large market capitalization companies over one year. A support vector machine model achieved 80% accuracy in predicting stock performance on a sector-by-sector basis. While promising, the author acknowledges limitations and outlines areas for further improvement, such as incorporating more external factors like macroeconomic data.
THE FUNDAMENTAL OF COSTING and CALCULATION OF UNIT COSTS
The document discusses key concepts in cost accounting including definitions of cost accounting, the cost accountant's role, differences between cost accounting and financial accounting, elements of cost, cost classification, and cost behavior. Specifically, it defines cost accounting as identifying, measuring, and analyzing costs associated with producing goods and services. It also explains the differences between fixed and variable costs, with fixed costs remaining constant despite changes in activity level and variable costs changing proportionately with activity level.
As a manager, discuss how you would use or have used the concepts .docx
Cost-volume-profit analysis (CVP) is a tool that breaks down the relationship between costs, production volume, and profits. It is useful for planning and decision making. Variable costing focuses on costs that vary with production volume like materials and labor. It provides information on costs per unit and contribution margins. Managers can use CVP and variable costing together to determine break-even points, decide whether to expand or reduce production, and evaluate options like purchasing vs manufacturing products. The analyses rely on assumptions like fixed and variable costs being accurately classified.
Presentation macroeconomic aggregate
Firms must consider the macroeconomic environment when making production and pricing decisions. Key indicators of an economy's performance include aggregate output, price levels, investment, consumption, and balance of payments. The macro economy represents the aggregation of individual households and firms. Common measures used to evaluate price movements are the consumer price index, wholesale price index, and GDP deflator.
Producer price index b y vvr ias
The Reserve Bank of India Governor proposed a Producer Price Index (PPI) on July 17th, 2012 to measure the average change in sale prices of domestic goods and services. A PPI is needed because the Wholesale Price Index does not capture price movements in services and the Consumer Price Index only measures retail price changes and lacks sufficient historical data. Unlike the CPI, the PPI measures price changes from the perspective of the seller. It is important to adopt PPI methodology for inflation measurement since seller and buyer prices differ due to factors like taxes and distribution costs.
Applied Statistics Chapter 3 Index numbers (1).ppt
This document provides an overview of index numbers and includes the following key points:
- Price relatives and aggregate price indexes are used to measure changes in prices over time by comparing prices in different periods to a base period. Weighted aggregate price indexes use quantities to weight the prices.
- Important price indexes include the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI) which measure inflation and production costs.
- Time series data expressed in dollar values can be adjusted for inflation by deflating the values using a price index to obtain real or constant dollar values.
- Selection of items and base periods for price indexes as well as accounting for quality changes are important considerations. Quantity indexes also exist to measure changes
index numbers, which is required for the mba students
An index number is a statistical measure used to compare quantitative changes in a group of variables over time. Index numbers are expressed as percentages, with a base period set to 100. They are used to measure and compare changes in composite phenomena that cannot be directly measured, like cost of living. There are different methods to construct index numbers, including weighted and unweighted approaches. Important index numbers used in economics include the Consumer Price Index, Wholesale Price Index, Sensex stock market index, and Industrial Production Index.
National Income and its Measurement.ppt
National income measures the total value of goods and services produced in an economy over a period of time. The Central Statistical Organisation estimates India's national income and publishes these estimates. National income analysis provides an index of economic activity and aids economic planning by indicating economic growth and helping policymakers frame policies to achieve goals like full employment and growth. National income can be measured via the product method, factor income method, or expenditure method.
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Presentation on CVP Analysis, Break Even Point & Applications of Marginal Cos...
Presentation on CVP Analysis, Break Even Point & Applications of Marginal Cos...
SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY - Gross domestic product.pptx
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Indian Stock Market Using Machine Learning(Volume1, oct 2017)
Indian Stock Market Using Machine Learning(Volume1, oct 2017)
THE FUNDAMENTAL OF COSTING and CALCULATION OF UNIT COSTS
THE FUNDAMENTAL OF COSTING and CALCULATION OF UNIT COSTS
As a manager, discuss how you would use or have used the concepts .docx
As a manager, discuss how you would use or have used the concepts .docx
Applied Statistics Chapter 3 Index numbers (1).ppt
Applied Statistics Chapter 3 Index numbers (1).ppt
index numbers, which is required for the mba students
index numbers, which is required for the mba students
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Mobile banking allows customers of financial institutions to conduct financial transactions through mobile devices like phones and tablets. It differs from mobile payments which involve using a mobile device to pay for goods or services. The RBI has issued guidelines to standardize mobile banking services offered by banks in India and encourage more customers to use these services. The guidelines cover customer registration processes, security standards like two-factor authentication, and inter-bank settlement infrastructure requirements.
RBI guidelines for mobile banking
1) The RBI guidelines allow 44 banks to offer mobile banking services in India and were first issued in 2008 to regulate mobile banking transactions.
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Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial Reports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
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SWAIAP Fraud Risk Mitigation Prof Oyedokun.pptxGodwin Emmanuel Oyedokun MBA MSc PhD FCA FCTI FCNA CFE FFAR
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
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After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
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OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
How Non-Banking Financial Companies Empower Startups With Venture Debt Financing
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Understanding how timely GST payments influence a lender's decision to approve loans, this topic explores the correlation between GST compliance and creditworthiness. It highlights how consistent GST payments can enhance a business's financial credibility, potentially leading to higher chances of loan approval.
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Whole Sale Price Index
- 1. Whole Sale Price Index Wholesale price indexes (WPIs) report monthly to show the average price changes of goods sold in bulk, and they are a group of the indicators that helps to measure the inflation and growth in the economy. An index that measures and tracks the changes in price of goods in the stages before the retail level. It is calculated for wholesale prices in which the quantities of the base year and current year are different
- 2. Countries Used Initial Usage By – India Philippines India Used WPI to calculate inflation from 1902 till 1978 RBI Governor D.Subbarao implemented PPI in India. Most of the Developed countries like United States uses PPI
- 3. Functions & Uses It is used by the Reserve Bank of India and the Government of India to frame their monetary and fiscal policies and to take appropriate corrective steps during inflationary periods It is also utilized for purposes like forecasting changes in business conditions indicating supply-demand relationships Conventionally, it has been used to measure the variations in exchange value or purchasing power of money Other organizations like the Planning Commission base their various schemes on the price trends revealed by the index numbers of wholesale prices
- 4. Advantages & Disadvantages Advantages It represents the wholesale trade transactions of all the commodities produced and traded in the system It is available on a monthly basis with the least time lag It is quite handy for purposes of comparisons Disadvantages Includes only Goods and excludes services Prices are captured mainly through mandis or through whole sale transaction places They Do not reflect the prices paid by the consumer
- 5. Construction methodology Manufactured articles - 64.97% Primary article - 20.12% Fuel, power, light and lubricants - 14.91% Each item was assigned equal weight There will be a single price quotation for each item
- 6. Index Calculation It is calculated on the principle of weighted arithmetic mean, according to the Lasperyre’s formula which has a fixed base-year weighting diagram operative through the entire life span of the series. I= Σ (Ii . Wi)/Σ Wi Where, I = Index Number of wholesale prices of a sub group/group/ major group/all commodities Wi = The weight assigned to the ith item/sub-group/group/major group. Ii = Index of the ith item/subgroup/group/major group The monthly WPI at the time of its initial compilation and release is provisional as it does not take into account some of the price quotations that are received belatedly. The prices of the missing quotations are either repeated or estimated depending on the nature of the commodity.
- 7. Example Thus the manufactured products index stands at I = Σ (Ii . Wi)/Σ Wi = 1597.38/14.23 = 38.74 Similarly the Primary articles and Manufacturing index can be calculated and assume it is 46.35 and 29.78 respectively Thus the value of WPI index for the month is ‘x’ is equal to = Fuel, Lights Index + Manufactured products Index + Primary articles Index = 38.74+46.35+29.78 = 114.87
- 8. Thus the new manufactured Product index value is =1614.73/41.2 =39.16 Corresponding value for the primary articles and manufacturing index At 46.63 and 32.63 respectively Thus the value of WPI index is at the End of week stands at =39.16+ 46.63+32.63 =118.42 Thus the index has grown by 3.09% in the month compared to its value in week ‘x’ For the month ended the inflation rate in India is at 3.09%
- 9. The commodities chosen for the calculation are based on their importance in the region and the point of time the WPI is employed India used 435 items in 1993-94 676 items in 2010-14 now India has adopted new CPI to measure inflation Since 2009 it has been made monthly basis of generating WPI
- 10. Present Index Indian wholesale price index rose 3.74 percent year-on-year in August of 2014, slowing from a 5.19 percent increase in July. It is the lowest rate since October of 2009 mainly due to a fall in prices of vegetables and oil.
- 11. WPI comparison
- 12. Bibliography http://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/producer-prices- change http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=94679 http://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/releasespublication s/documents/periodicals/2002/prices_2002.pdf http://www.wikipedia.org/ http://eaindustry.nic.in/home.asp