White box testing involves testing the internal structure and logic of a program. It includes techniques like statement coverage, loop testing, path testing, and branch testing to ensure all statements, paths, and conditional branches are executed. Grey box testing takes a partial view of internal structures and combines white and black box testing approaches. It may use internal program components like SQL queries to help test functionality without fully understanding the underlying code.

1. White box testing

2. Objective What is White box testing Techniques of white box testing What is Grey Box testing

3. Testing the internal structure of the software Understand the code and the code will set you free! White-box testing is testing that takes into account the internal mechanism of a system or component It’s also known as Structural testing, clear box testing and glass box testing What is it?

4. Techniques Statement coverage Loop testing Path testing Branch testing

5. Statement Coverage 100% method coverage: All methods in all classes are called. 100% statement coverage: All statements in a method are executed. void foo (int a, b, c, d, e) { if (a == 0) { return; } int x = 0; if ((a==b) OR ((c==d) AND bug(a) )) { x =1; } e = 1/x; }

6. Loop testing Test the ‘ for’ and ‘ while’ loops in the code. Look for exceptions of infinite loop. Cause execution of loop to be skipped. Loop to be executed exactly once. Loop to be executed more than once

7. Path testing Make sure all the paths are covered. Determine the paths Construct a logic flow chart

8. Path testing: Determine Paths FindMean (FILE ScoreFile) { float SumOfScores = 0.0; int NumberOfScores = 0; float Mean=0.0; float Score; Read(ScoreFile, Score); while (! EOF(ScoreFile) { if (Score > 0.0 ) { SumOfScores = SumOfScores + Score; NumberOfScores++; } Read(ScoreFile, Score); } /* Compute the mean and print the result */ if (NumberOfScores > 0) { Mean = SumOfScores / NumberOfScores; printf(“ The mean score is %f\n”, Mean); } else printf (“No scores found in file\n”); } 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 9

9. Path testing: Logic flow diagram

10. Branch testing Also known as Conditional Testing Make sure that each possible outcome from a condition is tested at least once. if (i=true) printf (“I am true”) else printf (“I am false”) Possible Testcases are 1. i=true; 2. i=false

11. Grey box testing What is it? Mixture of both black box and white box. Test the system with a basic outlook of internals. When you do? Once the functionality is developed Example Database testing Using SQL

12. Grey box testing: SQL Some times testers may have to use SQL to help in the black box testing. Types of Grey box using SQL Data Validation Data security Query for system updates

13. Grey box testing: My examples Testing I did! Test the inventory by using the inventory table Reservation retrieval Data encryption: Credit Card number

14. Questions?