The document discusses the black box, which consists of the flight data recorder (FDR) and cockpit voice recorder (CVR). It provides a brief history, explaining the first FDR prototype was created in 1956. It describes the construction of black boxes, including their heat-resistant red paint and mounting in the aircraft's tail section. The inside contains the FDR, which records aircraft performance parameters, and the CVR, which records audio from the cockpit. Black boxes use magnetic tapes or solid state technology to store data. They aid in accident investigations by providing audio and data to help determine causes.

1. BLACK BOX
REPRESENTED BY:
ARKA MUKHERJEE

2. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 CONSTRUCTION
 INSIDE THE BLACK BOX
 TECHNOLOGY USED
 WORKING OF BLACK BOX
 ADVANTAGES
 REFERNCE
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

3. INTRODUCTION
 It is an electronics device used to
record any instructions and
specific aircraft performance
parameters.
 It record's specific aircraft
performance parameters and
conversations in the cockpit.
 A black box consist of FDR &
CVR .

4. HISTORY
 The first prototype FDR
was made in 1956 By
DAVID WARREN in
aeronautical research
laboratories of Melbourne
, Australia .

5. CONSTRUCTION
 The Exterior of the FDR is coated with heat-resistant Bright
Red paint.

6. CONSTRUCTION [POSITION]
 The unit is usually mounted in the aircraft‘s empennage (tail
section).

7. BUILT TO SURVIVE [ CONSTRUCTION]
 In airline accidents, the
only devices that survive
are the Crash-survivable
memory units (CSMUs) of
the flight data recorders
and cockpit voice recorders.
Typically, the rest of the
recorders' chassis and inner
components are mangled
 Three layers of materials in
CSMU:
 Aluminum housing
 High-temperature insulation
 Stainless-steel shell

8. INSIDE THE BLACK BOX
 Flight Data Recorder (FDR)
 Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)

9. FLIGHT DATA RECORDER
 It is an electronics device
used to record any
instructions and the
operating data from the
plane's systems.
 It records various
performance parameters
on an aircraft .

10. PARAMETERS RECORDED BY MOST FDR’S
 Time
 Pressure attitude
 Air speed
 Vertical acceleration
 Magnetic heading
 Fuel flow
 Horizontal stabilizer
 Control column position
 Control wheel position
 Rudder –pedal position

11.  A FDR is shown below which is recovered after a crash

12. COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER
 It records the audio environment in the flight deck of an
aircraft for the purpose of accident & incidents .
 This is typically achieved by recording the signals of the
microphones & earphones of the pilots headsets & of an
area microphone in the roof of the cockpit .
 According to FAA after 2005 the recording duration is
minimum of 30 minutes .
 But according to NTSB it should be of 2 hours.

13. THE POSITIONS OF THE FOUR MICROPHONES
 Pilot's headset
 Co-pilot's headset
 Headset of a third crew member (if there is a third crew
member)
 Near the center of the cockpit, where it can pick up audio
alerts and other sounds

14. COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER

15. TECHNOLOGY USED
 MAGNETIC TAPES
 SOLID STATE
TECHNOLOGY

16. MAGNETIC TAPES
 This technology was introduced in late
`1960’s & made magnetic tapes a
recording medium up to the introduction
of solid state technology .
 CVR & FDR records over the oldest
data with the newest data in an endless
loop recording pattern .
 Then DFDR’S were introduced which
can record at 64 12-bit data per seconds.
But it was limited to flights having
digital avionics like Boeing 767 & airbus
a320 .
 In this technology it can record up to 30
min of data.

17. SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY
 The introduction of this technology expanded recording capacity , enhanced
crashfire survivability ,& improved recording reliability .
 It can record up to 64 12 bit data words per seconds or four times the capacity of
magnetic tapes in DFDR’s
 It can records up to 25 hours of flight data .

18.  These recording devices cost between $10,000 to $15,000
each.
 Both Black Boxes are powered by one of two power
generators that draw their power from the plane's engines.
 The Memory boards have enough digital storage space to
accommodate 2 hours of Audio data for CVRs and 25
hours of Flight data for FDRs.

19. WORKING OF BLACK BOX
Underwater Locator
Beacon (ULB)
 Submergence sensor on
the side of the beacon.
 Pulses at 37.5 kilohertz
(kHz).
 sound as deep as 14,000
feet (4,267 m).
 Once the beacon begins
"pinging," it pings once per
second for 30 days.

20. WORKING OF BLACK BOX
Retrieving Information
 This portable interface can
allow investigators quick
access to the data on a black
box..
 Retrieval of FDR
 Retrieval of CVR
 Once the beacon begins
"pinging," it pings once per
second for 30 days.

21. ADVANTAGES
 Retrieval comes first.
 It is very useful for accident investigations .
 The mistakes or error can be avoided in other aircrafts .

22. This black box alone was left to tell the story
of the crash of Egypt Air Flight 990.

23. The cockpit voice recorder from the downed
Alaska Airlines Flight 261

24. CONCLUSION
From the study of Black Box we derived a information
that how the information about aircraft mishap is analyzed
& unanswered question is answered.
In this study we discuss about various technology various
aspects involved in black box.

25. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 WIKIPEDIA
 GOOGLE
 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

26. THANK YOU

27. ANY QUERIES