The document discusses various software testing techniques including: - Unit testing techniques like white box testing, gray box testing, and equivalence partitioning - Integration testing techniques like boundary value analysis and error guessing - The iterative process of test-driven development where tests are written before implementing features It provides an example of using these techniques to test a TrafficSignal class through a series of test methods.

1. Learn Software Testing Testing and Verification

34. Testing TrafficSignal (cont.)

40. 1210554 Egyptian Multiplication 2468 490 4936 4936 245 9872 122 19744 19744 61 631808 631808 1 315904 315904 3 157952 157952 7 78976 78976 15 39488 30 1234 1234 981 Remainder “ Doubled” Multiplier “ Halved” Multiplicand

65. The truecase : produces the precondition {(x >= y && x == x) || (x < y && x == y)} which simplifies to {(x >= y && true) || false} and further simplifies to {x >= y} . Backing over the if condition, we get {(x >= y) && (x >= y)} which simplifies to {x >= y} . max = x; {(x >= y && max == x) || (x < y && max == y)} if (x >= y) { max = x; } else { max = y; } {(x >= y && max == x) || (x < y && max == y)} Conditional Statements (cont.)

66. The falsecase : produces the precondition {(x >= y && y == x) || (x < y && y == y)} which simplifies to {(y == x) || (x < y && true)} and further simplifies to {y >= x} . Backing over the negative of the if condition, we get {(y >= x) && (x < y)} which simplifies to {x < y} . max = y; {(x >= y && max == x) || (x < y && max == y)} if (x >= y) { max = x; } else { max = y; } {(x >= y && max == x) || (x < y && max == y)} Conditional Statements (cont.)

67. if (x >= y) { max = x; } else { max = y; } {(x >= y && max == x) || (x < y && max == y)} Combining the results of each pass, we get: {(x >= y) || (x < y)} Since this is always true, it means that the code segment produces the postcondition for all values of x and y . We write the precondition as simply true . Conditional Statements (cont.)