Black box, white box, and gray box testing techniques differ based on the level of internal knowledge of the system being tested. Black box testing assesses functionality without viewing internal structures. White box testing uses programming knowledge and examines internal logic and structures. Gray box testing combines aspects of black and white box testing by having some but not full internal knowledge. The techniques vary in their advantages like scalability, code coverage, and disadvantages such as redundancy.

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2. University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Neelum
Campus Athmuqam
Presented by:
Aamir Mushtaq Shakir Roll No: 09
M. Ejaz Khan Roll No: 10
Session fall 2014-fall 2018
Semester 7th
Presentation Topic: Difference between Black box, White box
and Gray box testing
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3. We will discuss:
Test
Software testing
Black box testing
White box testing
Gray box testing
Examples
Advantages and disadvantages of each box
Comparison of these boxes.
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4. What does Test mean
The word “TEST” is derived from the
Latin word “Testum” used to measure or
assess
Software Testing
Testing of software means assessing or
Measuring the software to determine
its QUALITY
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5. The technique of testing without having
any knowledge of the interior workings of the
application is Black Box testing
Black box testing is a method of software
testing that examines the functionality of an
application
Determines whether combinations of inputs
and operations produce expected results
Black Box Testing
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6. Cont…Cont…
When performing a black box test, a tester will
interact with the system's user interface by providing
inputs and examining outputs without knowing how
and where the inputs are worked upon
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7. ExampleExample
A tester, without knowledge of the internal
structures of a website, tests the web
pages by using a browser; providing
inputs (clicks, keystrokes) and verifying
the outputs against the expected outcome.
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8. Black Box Testing Advantages
Efficient Testing: Well suited and efficient for
large code segments or units.
Independency: Tester and programmer are
independent of each other
Non intrusive: code access not required.
No Coding Skill Required: Tester need not know
programming languages or how the software has been
implemented.
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9. Black Box Testing Disadvantages
Localized Testing: Limited code path
coverage since only a limited number of test
inputs are actually tested.
Blind Coverage: cannot control targeting
code segments or paths which may be more
error prone than others
Redundant: Tests can be redundant if the
software designer/ developer has already run a
test case. 9

10. White box testing
• White box testing is a method of testing software
that
tests internal structures or working of an application
• In white-box testing an internal perspective of the
system , as well as programming skills, are used to
design test cases
• It is also known as clear box testing, glass box
testing, transparent box testing, and structural
testing 10

11. Cont…
• White box testing is the detailed investigation
of internal logic and structure of the code
• In order to perform white box testing of an
application , the tester needs to possess
knowledge of the internal working of the code
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12. Example
A tester, usually a developer as well, studies
the implementation code of a certain field on
a webpage, determines all legal (valid
and invalid) and illegal inputs and verifies
the outputs against the expected outcomes,
which is also determined by studying the
implementation code.
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13. Advantages of White box testing
Early Defect Identification: Analyzing source
code and developing tests based on the
implementation details enables testers to find
programming errors quickly.
No Waiting: Testing can be commenced at an
earlier stage. One need not wait for the GUI to be
available.
Optimizing: It helps in optimizing the code
• Extra lines of code can be removed which can be
bring in hidden defects
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14. White Box Testing Disadvantages
Difficult to Scale: requires intimate knowledge of target
system, testing tools and coding languages, and modeling. It
suffers for scalability of skilled and expert testers.
Difficult to Maintain: It requires specialized tools such as
source code analyzers, debuggers, and fault injectors.
Skipping: Sometimes it is impossible to look into every
corner to find out hidden errors that may create problems as
many paths will go untested
Mechanic Work: White Box Testing is like the work of
a mechanic who examines the engine to see why the
car is not moving. 14

15. Gray Box Testing
 Gray box testing is a combination of white box
testing and black box testing
The aim of this testing is to search for the defects if
any due to improper structure or improper usage of
Applications
Gray-box testing is also known as translucent testing
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16. Example
Testing a calculator for the
features like testing for all
operations at the same time if
any problem arises then we make
a change in HTML code and
check further so at the same we
go for white boxtesting(changing
codes in backend) and black box
testing(testing features on front
end).
Gray Box Testing
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17. Gray-Box testing Advantages
Offers Combined Benefits: Offers combined
benefits of black box and white box testing wherever
possible.
Non Intrusive: Grey box testers don't rely on the
source code; instead they rely on interface definition
and functional Specifications
The test is done from the point of view of the user
and not the designer
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18. Gray-Box testing Disadvantages
Partial Code Coverage: Since the access to source
code is not available, the ability to go over the code
and test coverage is limited.
Redundancy: The tests can be redundant if the
software designer has already run a test case.
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19. Bridge between Black Box and White Box –
Gray Box Testing Technique
Comparison between the Three Testing Types
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