Blood is a fluid tissue with a complex structure.
Blood consists of plasma (55%) and blood cells (45%).
Blood cells are of three types. i.e.
RBC, WBC & Platelets.
WBC: WBC also known as Leucocytes.
Do not possess any pigment, they appear colorless.
Provide immunity to the body, is the main function of WBC.
Blood is a fluid tissue with a complex structure.
Blood consists of plasma (55%) and blood cells (45%).
Blood cells are of three types. i.e.
RBC, WBC & Platelets.
WBC: WBC also known as Leucocytes.
Do not possess any pigment, they appear colorless.
Provide immunity to the body, is the main function of WBC.
Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma.
Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell production, differentiation, and development. hematopoeisis starts in yolk sac in the fetus and continued in he liver, spleen and bone marrow. In adult, hematopoeisis occurs in bone marrow.
Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. erythroproietin stimulate RBC production (initially CFU-E ) in response of hypoxia.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), a lecture for medical lab technicians at Baquba Technical Institute, Middle Technical University. All theoretical and practical notes about the test.
RBC Indices- MCV, MCH, MCHC II Blood PhysiologyHM Learnings
RBC Indices- MCV, MCH, MCHC II Blood Physiology
The slide will cover the following:
1. Introduction to RBC indices
2. Mean Corpuscular volume (MCV)
3. Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
4. Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
5. Color index (CI)
You can also watch the same topic on HM Learnings Youtube channel.
You can also follow HM Learnings on facebook, instagram and twitter for daily updates
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Blood diseases cover a wide spectrum of illnesses, ranging from the anaemias, leukaemias and congenital coagulation disorders.
Haematological change may occur as a consequence of disease affecting any system and measurement of haematological parameters is an important part of routine clinical assessment.
Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma.
Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell production, differentiation, and development. hematopoeisis starts in yolk sac in the fetus and continued in he liver, spleen and bone marrow. In adult, hematopoeisis occurs in bone marrow.
Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. erythroproietin stimulate RBC production (initially CFU-E ) in response of hypoxia.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), a lecture for medical lab technicians at Baquba Technical Institute, Middle Technical University. All theoretical and practical notes about the test.
RBC Indices- MCV, MCH, MCHC II Blood PhysiologyHM Learnings
RBC Indices- MCV, MCH, MCHC II Blood Physiology
The slide will cover the following:
1. Introduction to RBC indices
2. Mean Corpuscular volume (MCV)
3. Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
4. Mean Corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
5. Color index (CI)
You can also watch the same topic on HM Learnings Youtube channel.
You can also follow HM Learnings on facebook, instagram and twitter for daily updates
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Blood diseases cover a wide spectrum of illnesses, ranging from the anaemias, leukaemias and congenital coagulation disorders.
Haematological change may occur as a consequence of disease affecting any system and measurement of haematological parameters is an important part of routine clinical assessment.
Leukocytes or WBC They are of two typesGranulocytes Neutrophils.pdfsudheerforce
Leukocytes or WBC: They are of two types:
Granulocytes: Neutrophils, eosinohils, and basophils
Agranulocytes: Monocytes and lymphocytes
Neutrophils: MOst numberous of all the WBC, make 60 - 80% of WBC. Upon Giemsa staining,
the granules take up both eosin red and methylene blue, thus appear purple color. The cytoplasm
stains blue with multilobed nucleus. Their number increases in pathological conditions like
infectionss.
Eosinophils: upto 6% of total WBC, their granules take up Eosin red and appear red to pink
colored, due to eosinophilic cationic protein that binds the dye. Cytoplasm stains blue, bilobed
nucleus. The number increases with conditions like parasitic manifestations and viral infections.
Basophils: Generally absent or rarely found in healthy people. Their granules take up methylene
blue due to negatively charged molecles like heparin present in them. They are responsible for
certian types of hypersensitivities. Their number increaes during allergies.
Monocytes: They have a slightly indented nucleus that occupies about half of the cell. They are
larger than other cells. The cytoplasm shows granules but are not conspicuously stained. They
are cells that have the function of phagocytosis, next to neutrophils.
Lymphocytes: Large nucleus that occupies most of the cell leaving a thin rim of cytoplasm. They
produce antibodies.Nucleus stains purple and cytoplasm blue. Their number increases in
conditions like leukemia.
Solution
Leukocytes or WBC: They are of two types:
Granulocytes: Neutrophils, eosinohils, and basophils
Agranulocytes: Monocytes and lymphocytes
Neutrophils: MOst numberous of all the WBC, make 60 - 80% of WBC. Upon Giemsa staining,
the granules take up both eosin red and methylene blue, thus appear purple color. The cytoplasm
stains blue with multilobed nucleus. Their number increases in pathological conditions like
infectionss.
Eosinophils: upto 6% of total WBC, their granules take up Eosin red and appear red to pink
colored, due to eosinophilic cationic protein that binds the dye. Cytoplasm stains blue, bilobed
nucleus. The number increases with conditions like parasitic manifestations and viral infections.
Basophils: Generally absent or rarely found in healthy people. Their granules take up methylene
blue due to negatively charged molecles like heparin present in them. They are responsible for
certian types of hypersensitivities. Their number increaes during allergies.
Monocytes: They have a slightly indented nucleus that occupies about half of the cell. They are
larger than other cells. The cytoplasm shows granules but are not conspicuously stained. They
are cells that have the function of phagocytosis, next to neutrophils.
Lymphocytes: Large nucleus that occupies most of the cell leaving a thin rim of cytoplasm. They
produce antibodies.Nucleus stains purple and cytoplasm blue. Their number increases in
conditions like leukemia..
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
2. White Blood cells are also known as
Leucocytes as they are colorless due to
lack of Haemoglobin.
There are about 4000-11000/cumm of
blood.
These are also called Scavengers &
Microscopic policemen
White Blood Corpuscles
3. WBC’s
Five Types
Classified according to the presence or
absence of granules and the staining
characteristics of their cytoplasm.
Leucocytes appear brightly colored in
stained preparations, they have a nuclei
and are generally larger in size than
RBC’s.
4.
5. Type of WBC’s
Granulocytes—have large
granules in their cytoplasm
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
6.
7. Types of WBC’s
Agranulocytes—do not have
granules in their cytoplasm
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
8.
9. Granuloctyes
Neutrophils
Stain light purple with neutral dyes
Granules are small and numerous—(fine)
Several lobes in nucleus
50-70% of WBC count
Highly mobile/very active
Diapedesis—Can leave blood vessels and
enter tissue space
Phagocytosis (eater), contain several
lysosomes (janitor)
10.
11. Granulocytes
Eosinophils or Acidophils:
Large, numerous granules
Nuclei with two lobes
1-4% of WBC count
Found in lining of respiratory and digestive tracts
Important functions involve protections against
infections caused by parasitic worms and
involvement in allergic reactions
Secrete anti-inflammatory substances in allergic
reactions
12.
13. Basophils
Least numerous-- 0-1%
Diapedesis—Can leave blood vessels and
enter tissue space
Contain histamine,serotonin,heparin—
inflammatory chemical
14.
15. Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Smallest WBC
Large nuclei/small amount of cytoplasm
Account for 25-30% of WBC count
Two types—T lymphocytes—attack an
infect or cancerous cell, B lymphocytes—
produce antibodies against specific
antigens (foreign body)
19. Formation of WBC’s
Leucocytes are formed in the red
marrow of many bones.
They can also be formed in lymphatic
tissue.
They live for about 13-20 days.
31. Lymphocytosis
Relative Lymphocytosis:
PMN leucocytes are
decreased, so the
lymphocytes are
relatively increased
without change in their
absolute number.
Absolute lymphocytosis
>3500/cmm in adult.
33. Leucopenia
Decrease in leucocytic count below
4000/cmm
I. neutropenia:
<2000/cmm
Causes:
1. Drugs:
anti inflammatory
anti bacterial
anti convalsant
34. 2. Infection:
Viral: Hepatitis, HIV
Bacterial: TB, brucellosis
some protozoal and fungal infections
3. Immune:
systemic lupus erythematosis
Felty’s syndrome
4. Part of general pan cytopenia
35. Agranulocytosis
Marked reduction of neutrophils below
500/cumm.
Associated with acute febrile illness and
necrotic lesions in the mouth and the
throat.