The document discusses several key concepts in anatomy and physiology: 1. Anatomy is the study of body structures that can be seen, while physiology studies body functions from cellular to systems levels. 2. Living things are organized from molecules to cells to tissues to organs to organ systems. They share DNA, proteins, and metabolism. 3. Homeostasis and feedback mechanisms help maintain stable internal environments despite outside changes. Key anatomical terms describe positions in the body.

1. Erycha Alexis
Victoria Sharetha

2. • ANATOMY: branch of science dealing with the form and
structure of body parts (structures that can be seen with
the naked eye)
• PHYSIOLOGY: study of body functions; can be
approached from a cellular, organismal, or systems point
of view

3. • Organization: molecules combine together to form organelles.
Organelles form cells. Cells form tissues. Tissues form organs.
Organs form organ cells. And organ cells form organ systems
• Cellular composition: living matter is compartmentalized into
one or more cells
• Biochemical unity: living things have a universal chemical
composition that is rare in nonliving matter. This includes DNA,
proteins, lipids and carbs
• Metabolism: living things use molecules from the environment
and chemically change them into molecules that form their
own structures, control their own physiology, or provide them
with energy. Metabolism is the sum of all this internal change.
• Reproduction: production of offspring

4. • Responsiveness: the ability of organisms to sense and
react to stimuli changes in the environment.
• Stability: living organisms maintain a relatively stability
internal environment while the surrounding environment
continuously changes.
• Development: a change in form or function over the
lifetime of the organism
• Growth: an increase in size through chemical change
• Evolution: genetic changes passed from generation to
generation

5. • The body can be considered conceptually at seven structural
levels: chemicals (atom, molecule, macromolecules, organelle
, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and complete organism).
• Chemical: interactions between atoms and their combination
into molecules
• Organelles: microscopic structures in the cell, composed of
molecules that are specialized to carry out functions of the
cell.
• Cells: the basics units of living organisms. Cells are organized
into tissues ( skin cells, nerve cells, and red blood cells)
• Tissues: a group of cells with similar structure and function,
together with the extra cellular substances located between
them
• Organ composed of two or more tissue types
• Organ systems: groups of organs with a unique collective
function
• Organism: a single complete individual

6. • Homeostasis: state of
equilibrium in the body with
respect to functions,
composition of fluids and
tissues.
• Positive feedback: a self-
amplifying cycle in which a
physiological change leads
to even greater change in
the same direction.
• Negative feedback: is
commonly used to maintain
stable internal environments

7. • Ventral (toward the belly)
• Dorsal (toward the back)
• Anterior (front)
• Posterior (back)
• Superior (above)
• Inferior (below)
• Medial (toward the midsagittal plane)
• Lateral (away from the midsagittal plane)
• Proximal (near the point of attachment orgin)
• Distal (farther from the point of attachment orgin)
• Central (toward the middle of the body)
• Peripheral (away from the midline of the body)
• Superficial (near the surface)
• Deep (farther from the surface)

8. • Sagittal- refers to a cut that divides the body from left to
right
• Midsagittal or Median- refers to a sagittal line through the
midline of the body and divides it equally
• Transverse- refers to a horizontal cut that divides the
body Superior (toward the head) and Inferior (toward the
feet)
• Coronal or Frontal- refers to a cut that divides the body
anterior (front) and posterior (back)
• Parasagittal- refers to a section that is parallel to the
midsagittal but either on the left or right side and causes
uneven left and right parts.

9. • Otic (ear) • Abdominal (Abdomen)
• Nasal (Nose) • Genital (Reproductive
• Oral (Mouth) organs)
• Cervical (Neck) • Carpal (wrist)
• Acromial (Should point) • Palmar (Palm)
• Axillary (Armpit) • Digital (Finger)
• Mammary (Breast) • Tarsal (Ankle)
• Brachial (Arm) • Cephalic (Head)
• Antecubital (Front of • Frontal (Forehead)
elbow) • Orbital (Eye cavity)
• Antebrachial (Forearm) • Buccal (Cheek
• Mental (Chin)

10. • Sternal (Breastbone) • Sacral (Between hips)
• Pectoral Region (Chest) • Gluteal (Buttocks)
• Coxal (Hip) • Perineal
• Inguinal (groin) • Fermoral (thigh)
• Umbilical (navel) • Popliteal (back of neck)
• Crural (leg) • Crural (leg)
• Pedal (foot) • Plantar (sole)
• Occipital (Back of head) • Urethra (Where you pee
• Vertebral (Spinal out of)
Column)
• Cubital (elbow)
• Lumbar (lower back)