PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF CEREALS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF CEREALS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF CEREALS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF CEREALS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF PADDY Nursery management of paddy PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF WHEAT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BARLEY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF OATS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF RYE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF TRITICALE

1. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF CEREALS
Dr. K. VANANGAMUDI, Ph. D., Post. Doc (USA)
Formerly Dean (Agriculture), Agri. College & Research Institute,
Coimbatore,
Dean, Adhiparashakthi Agricultural College,
Prof. & Head, Seed Science& Technology,
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, Tamil Nadu.
e-mail: vanangamudi.tnau@gmail.com
Website: https://trinityculturalacademy.com/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWGv08j5jaZ-nkvz46HrBVw

2. 1. Paddy (Oryza sativa)
• Family: Poaceae 2n = 24
Origin: South East Asia

3. Seed rate (kg/ha)
• Long duration: 30
• Medium duration: 40
• Short duration: 60
• Hybrid: 20
• SRI (SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION): 7 - 8

4. Optimum age of seedlings
• Short duration: 18-22 days after sowing (DAS)
• Medium duration : 25-30 DAS
• Long duration : 35-40 DAS
• SRI: 14 DAS

5. Spacing (cm)
• Short - 15x10
• Medium - 20 x 10
• Long - 20 x 15
• SRI - 25 x 25

6. Biofertilizer management
• 10 packets (2000 g/ha) Azospirullum or
phosphobacteria or
• 20 packets of Azophos with 25 kg FYM and soil
each
• Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2.5 kg/ha mixed with
50 kg FYM and 25 kg of soil
• Broadcast 10 kg of BGA (Blue green algae) at 10
DAT
• Inoculate Azolla 250 kg/ha at 3-5 DAT and
incorporate during weeding

7. Fertilizer schedule (NPK - kg/ha)
• Inorganic
• Short: 150:50:50 (Kavery Delta)
• Medium and long: 150:50:50
• Others: 120:40:40
• Hybrid: 175:60:60
• Gypsum 500 kg/ha
• Organic
• FYM: 12.5 t/ha
• Green leaf manure: 6.25t/ha

8. Irrigation & foliar nutrition
Foliar spray
1% urea +
2% DAP +
1% KCl
1200-1400 mm

9. Herbicide
Pre-emergence
• Nursery – Pretilachlor @ 1 kg/ha on 3DAS
• Main field – Butachlor @ 1.25 kg/ha and
Pendimethalin 3.0 lit/ha
• Anilophos @ 0.4 kg/ha mixed with 50 kg sand
Post-emergence
2,4-D sodium salt (Fernoxone 80% WP)
@1.25 kg/ha on 3 WAT

10. Yield (kg/ha)
• Grain: 4000 – 6000
• Straw: 8000 – 10000

11. Nursery management

12. Wet nursery
• Nursery area – 20 cents (800 m2)
• Raised seed bed: Length 8 to 10 m, width 2.5 m,
30 - 50 cm irrigation channel
• Seed treatment: Carbendazim @ 2 g/kg or
Pseudomonas flurescens @ 10 g/kg of seeds
• Biofertilizer: Azospirillium 600 g/ha

13. Nursery area
• SRI: 2.5 cents or 100m2
• Dapog/mat nursery: 2.5 cents or 100m2
• Dry nursery: 20 cents

14. Nursery - Nutrient management
• FYM: 1 t/20 cents
• DAP 40 kg at last ploughing
• If seedlings pulled out at 25 DAS, apply DAP
on 10 days before pulling
• Root snapping problem in clayey soil, apply
gypsum @ 4 kg + 1 kg DAP/cent

15. Q & A
 Paddy grows under
a. Dry condition b. Submerged condition
c. Marshy d. Deep water condition
 Rice bowl of India is
a. Andhra Pradesh b. Karnataka
c. Maharashtra d. Gujarat
 To avoid root snapping problem in paddy cultivation,
quantity of gypsum applied is
a. 2.5 kg/cent b. 4kg gypsum +1 kg DAP/cent
c. 5 kg/cent d. 10 kg/cent

16. 2. Wheat
• Family: Poaceae
• Origin: Asia minor, Abyssinia Afghanistan
• 2n = 42

17. • Mexican dwarf wheat : Triticum aestivum
• Emmer wheat : T. dicoccum
• Macaroni wheat: T. durum (28)
• Common bread wheat: T. vulgare
• Indian dwarf wheat: T. spherococcum

18.  Season
Second week of November to second
week of December
• Seed rate (kg/ha)
• 100
• 125 (late sown crop)

19. • Spacing (cm)
Row – row: 22.5 to 23
15-18 (late sown crop)
 Fertilizer schedule (NPK - kg/ha)
120:60:40 or 150:60:40

20. • Irrigation
 4-6 irrigations
 450-650 mm
• Herbicide
• Isoproturon @ 750-800g/ha
• Pendimethalin @ 1000 g/ha at 3-4 DAS

21. Yield (kg/ha)
• North India :3000
• Straw: 5000
• Tamil Nadu: 2500

22. Q & A
 Durum wheat is also known as
a. Winter wheat b. Emmer wheat
c. Common wheat d. Macroni wheat
 Commercially used herbicide for wheat is
a. Pendimethalin b. Isoproturon
c. Butachlor d. 2,4-D

23. Barley
(Hordeum vulgare)
• Family: Poaceae
• 2n = 14
• Origin: Abyssinia or South East Asia (China,
Tibet, Nepal) or Near East region

24. • Seasons
 October – Rainfed
 November – irrigated
 Hilly – April-May
• Seed rate (kg/ha)
 Irrigated : 100
 Rainfed : 80-100
• Spacing (cm)
• Irrigated: 22.5
• Rainfed: 22.5 – 25

25. • Fertilizer schedule (kg/ha NPK)
 Irrigated - 60:30:20
 Malt barely - 30:20:20
 Rainfed - 40:20:20
 FYM – 12.5 t/ha
 Irrigation
 2-3 irrigations
 200 – 300 mm
• Herbicide
 Isoproturon @ 0.75 kg/ha + 0.5 kg 2, 4-D at 3-5 leaf
stage (Post emergence) or
 Pendimethalin @1 kg/ha (Pre emergence)

26. Yield (kg/ha)
• Rainfed : 1500-3000
• Irrigated : 3000-3500
• Straw: 4000-5000

27. Oats (Avena sativa)
• Poaceae
• 2n = 42
• Origin: Asia minor / Asiatic

28. • Season
 October – mid November
• Seed rate (kg/ha)
 100
• Spacing (cm)
 20 - 23 for fodder
 23 - 25 for grain
• Fertilizer (kg NPK /ha)
 80:40:0
 FYM: 12.5 t/ha

29. • Irrigation
 4-5 irrigations
 450-650 mm
• Yield (kg/ha)
 Grain: 3000-3500
 Fodder : 50-60 t/ha

30. Rye (Secale cereale)
• Family: Poaceae
• 2n = 14
• Origin: Western Asia to Southern Russia

31. • Season
 Winter spring season
 Forage – October
 Grain – November
 Green manure – August
• Seed rate (kg/ha)
 Forage : 80
 Grain : 60
 Fertilizer (NPK - kg/ha)
• 50:40:65
• FYM – 12.5 t/ha

32. • Fodder : 50-55 t/ha
• Grain : 2500 (kg/ha)
Yield

33. Triticale (Man made cereal)
• Wheat x Rye in Scotland during 1875
• Grown in spring or winter seasons
• Name Tritical appeared in Germany in 1935
• First fertile cross made in Germany in 1888
• Cultivation practices similar to wheat
• Seed rate
 80-100 kg for dryland
 110 kg for irrigated

34. Q & A
 Crop which is tolerant to salinity is
a. Rice b. Barely
c. Wheat d. Oats
 Which crop is also cultivated as green manure
crop and cover crop
a. Rye b. Oats
c. Triticale d. Barley
 Parentage of triticale is
a. Wheat x Rice b. Wheat x Rye
c. Wheat x Oats d. Wheat x Barely

35. FOR pdf and Online tests
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91 9894904745 (WhatsApp)
OR
Mail me @
vanangamudi.tnau@gmail.com