2. POPULAR INDIAN WHEAT VARIETIES
• HD 2329
• HD 2285
• HD 2687
• HD 2189
• HD 2833
• HD 2888
• PBW 226
• PBW 343
• WH 542
• LOK-1
• HW 2004
• HW 2045
• COW(W)1
• WH 147
• HUW 234
• MALWA RATNAM(DURUM)
• BIJAKA YELLOW
• DICOCCUM
NP 200
NP 201
NP 202
DDK 1009/1001
HW 1095
HW 5301
3. Important varieties
Sonora 64 - dwarf from Mexico. It is early ripening,
resistant to lodging, 12.4 to 14.4% protein, 6 to 7t/ha.
Lerma Rojo - semi dwarf, strongly tillering, The resistance
to rust, 7t/ha
Kalyan Sona - dwarf variety, Bushy, late ripening, 8t/ha.
Sonalika - short stem, medium bushy, early ripening and o
7t/ha.
TN (Nilgris and Plain hills)-CO W1- 85-90 days (2.4 t/ha),
Co W 2- 110 days (4.0 t/ha), CO W 3 (4 t/ha), PBW 533,
HW 2044, HI 977, Raj 4083 and T. dicoccum – NP 200,
DDK 1001 and DDK 1009.
Punjab and Haryana- PBW 621, PBW 550, Raj 3077
4. Season and varieties
Zone
Irrigated Rainfed
Timely sown 15 to
30 Nov.
Late sown Up to
25th Dec.
Timely sown
Up to 15 Nov.
Late sown
Hilly zone Girija,HB208,
Sonalika, Shailaja
Sonalika
UP 1109
Kalyanasona, HD
2204, Ridley
UP 1109
NW Plain
Zone
Sonalika, Arjun,
Jairaj, HD 2204
Sonalika, Swati,
HD 2270
Kundan, Pratap,
Mukta, Sujata
-
NE Plain
Zone
HD 2402, Janak Sonalika, Sonali Pratap, WL 410 K 8962,
HDR 77
Central
zone
HD 2381, HD 4530,
Jairaj, LOK-1
HD2327, Swati
Sonalika, LOK-1
Sujata, Meghdoot,
Kalyansona
-
Peninsular
Zone
HD 2189, DWR 39 HD 2610,
DWR 195
Meghdoot,
Mukta
-
Southern
hills zone
HW 741 HW 972 NP 200 NP 200 HW 517 -
Saline soils KRL 1- 4 Raj 3077 - - -
5. Tamil Nadu
Time of sowing: Temperature during growing
season and at grain filling is one of the several
factors deciding the sowing time.
Season
15th Oct to 1st week of Nov.
Variety : COW(W)1
Systems of Wheat culture
1) Irrigated 2) Rainfed
6. Season
Time of sowing decides yield potential in
wheat
Irrigated long duration varieties (135-140d)
• Nov 10-30th
Short duration varieties (120-125)may be
sown up to Dec 15
Later than Dec 15th there is drastic reduction
in yield
Zone wise there is slight variation
7. Field preparation
–Usually after harvest of Kharif crops
–Field is prepared by disking once and
harrowing
–Moderate to fine tilth is suitable
–Zero tillage also possible
• After rice dibbling in lines may be an
option
8. Method of sowing
Broadcast sowing : broadcasted and harrowing to cover
the seeds. Germination is very poor
Sowing behind the country plough: common method.
also called as 'Kera method' and through a 'pora', a
special set of attachment with local plough it is called
"Pora method" .
Drilling: ferti seed drill.
Dibbling : using "Dibbler" not a common method, - time
consuming.
9. Management practices for irrigated wheat
Land preparation
• well-pulverized, but compact seedbed - uniform
germination.
• One pre sowing irrigation 7 to10 days before seeding is
necessary to ensure good germination.
Seedrate : Normal : 100kg, Bold/late sown : 125 kg/ha
Seed treatment: Carbendazim or Thiram at 2g/kg
Spacing: normal : 20 to 22.5 cm between the rows
delayed sowing : 15 to 18 cm.
Depth of sowing: optimum - 2.5 to 5.0 cm.
10. Seed rate
–Normal recommendation 100-125 kg /ha
–Increase seed rate by 25% when
• Under late sown
• When the soil moisture is less
–Broadcast requires higher seed rate – 150 kg
–For dibbling 25-30kg is sufficient
11. Spacing
–Varies with varieties
–Tillering variety requires wider spacing
–Irrigated wheat spaced 22.5 cm and 8-18
cm between plants
–Rainfed wheat – 25-30 cm x 5-6cm
–When late sown closer spacing 15-16cm
12. Manures and Fertilizer
Condition N : P : K Time and method of application
Timely sown 120:60:40
50 % N and 100 % P and K drilled
5 cm below the seed and
50% 'N' at first irrigation.
Late sown 80:40:40
Irrigated
legume -
wheat
80:40:40 Similar to above
light soil, 'N' - 3 equal splits viz 1/3
at basal, 1/3 at Ist irrigation and1/3
at 2nd irrigation.
Rainfed 60:30:20
FYM or compost : 12.5 t/ha at last ploughing
15. Weed management
• Wheat is a close growing crop.
• Weed competition reduces crop yield by 10 to 40 per cent depending on
the intensity and types of weeds.
• Critical period of crop-weed competition in wheat is about 30 to 40 days
after sowing.
• Wild mustard - Brassica kaber
• Problematic mono-cot weeds are
• Phalaris minor – (Canary grass)
• Avena fatua (Wild oat)
• Hand weeding is recommended
• 20-25DAS
• Second weeding 2 weeks later
• Use of herbicides becomes handy
16. WEED MANAGEMENT
• Herbicides: 2,4-D is applied at four leaves stage @ 0.4 kg a.i / ha in 750
litres of water between four to six weeks after sowing.
• Dicots can be controlled by 2,4 D (EE) 0.3-0.4 kg /ha at 35DAS
• Monocots can be controlled by
• Isoproturon 1-1.5kg /ha or
• Methabenzthiazuron 1.5 kg or
• Metoxuron 1.5 kg /ha on 30-35 DAS
• For the control of wild oats Avadex S, Dinitrofluralin and Cobex are applied.
• For control Phalaris minor, isoproturon 50% -1.5 kg or isoproturon 75% - 1.0
kg is sprayed. Pre emergence spray of pendimethalin 1.0 kg is also effective.
Isoproturon is broad spectrum control
Pre-eme. herbicide spray on 3 DAS followed by one HW on 35th DAS.
If herbicide is not applied, give two HW on 20th and 35th day after sowing.
17. Irrigation
Highly responds to irrigation
4-6 irrigations are essential
40-50% depletion of ASM
Appropriate IW : CPE ratio for wheat 0.7-
0.9
On clay loam up to 80% depletion
18. WATER MANAGEMENT
• Water requirement of wheat is less about 300 to 400
mm.
• Scheduling irrigation at 50% ASM is sufficient for wheat
grown in New Delhi region.
• The depth of water is maintained at 6.0 cm.
19. WATER MANAGEMENT
• Crop requires 4 - 6 irrigations depending on soil type and
rainfall.
• Crown root initiation and flowering are the most critical
stages.
• Water stagnation should be avoided at the time of
germination.
20. Critical stages of wheat crop for varying
number of irrigations
No. of irrigation available Critical stages
1 CRI
2 CRI + LJ
3 CRI + B + M
4 CRI + LT + F + M
5 CRI + LT + LJ + F + M
6 CRI + LT + LJ + F + M + D
Crown Root Initiation (21 days after sowing)
Late Tillering (42 days after sowing)
Late Jointing (60 days after sowing)
Flowering (80 days after sowing)
Milk stage (95 days after sowing) and
Dough Ripe (115 days after sowing)
21. • If water is available only for one irrigation schedule at CRI .
• If two irrigations are possible, then give at CRI and flowering stages.
• If three irrigations are possible, give at CRI, flowering, and early dough
(milk) stage.
• Small amount of water can be spread with the use of sprinklers or
combination of corrugation and narrow border strips methods of
irrigation.
Irrigation at high water table condition:
• Good quality ground water at shallow depth reduces need for
supplementing irrigation.
• Irrigation requirement of wheat is negligible or minimum in high water
table areas.
22. Cropping system
• North India, Rice (Kharif)-wheat (Rabi) is popular
Other systems are
• Maize + wheat
• Cumbu + wheat
• Maize + wheat – Bengalgram
Wheat mixed with other crops.
• Wheat +sugarcane (4 to 5: 1) Wheat + pea (4:2)
• Wheat + gram (1: 1) Wheat + chick pea (4:2)
• Wheat + lentil (4:2) Wheat + mustard (8:2)
• Wheat + linseed (4:2)
Relay crop in potato after earthing up especially in case of early
crop of potato.
23. Harvesting and threshing:
• leaves and stems turn yellow and becomes fairly dry-
20-25% moisture content.
• Harvesting using sickle or bullock driven reapers or by
using Combine Harvester.
• Threshing - cleaning, - sun dried 3 to 4 days for getting
10 to 12 % moisture for storing.
Yield:
Irrigated – 4.0 to 5.5 t/ha
Rainfed – 2.0 to 2.5 t /ha
