A summary and a paraphrase both involve rewriting a text in your own words. So, how do they differ? This can help you understand the difference between the two and offer tips on nailing both. Good luck!. Know all about summary and paraphrase. Learn the difference between summary and Paraphrase. Summary versus Paraphrase. Through this slide you will come to know how the words and meanings are replicated in a summary and paraphrase.

1. What Is the Difference between a
Summary and a Paraphrase?
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2. Summary
The Merriam Webster dictionary defines summary as an
‘abstract’ or ‘abridgment’. In simpler terms, you can define
a summary as a concise narrative of facts and information
from a larger chunk of text.
The purpose of a summary can be one of the following:
 To show how a writer’s ideas support your arguments
 To make an argument against the writer’s ideas
 To present a lot of relevant information in a small space
 To help readers understand the main points of a long
article or text

3. Features of a Summary
A summary must have the following features:
 The main idea or argument present in the original text
 A unique style that conveys your abilities to narrow
down essential points
 A shorter length of text than the original document
 A thorough explanation of the main ideas and
arguments from the original text
 A condensed presentation of the main text

4. How to write a summary?
Here are the three steps you need to follow to write a
summary:
 Identify the main idea of the text
 Note down the main arguments that support the idea
 Narrow down the same for your summary

5. Example of a summary
Original: “…there are two ways to become wealthy: to
create wealth or to take wealth away from others. The
former adds to the society. The latter typically subtracts
from it, for in the process of taking it away, wealth gets
destroyed. A monopolist who overcharges for his
product takes away money from those whom he is
overcharging and at the same time destroys value. To
get his monopoly price, he has to restrict production.” –
Stiglitz, J.E. (2013). The price of inequality. London.
Penguin.

6. Example of a summary
Summary: Stiglitz (2013) opines that creating wealth
adds value to the society. But taking away wealth from
others detracts from it. He illustrates the point with an
example of a monopolist overcharging for his product
that results in the loss of wealth of the consumer. This
is added to the loss of value of the product as the
monopolist must restrict production to cap a higher
price to the same.

7. Things to remember when
writing a summary
 Begin the summary with the name of the author and
the name of the original text
 Do not provide your own opinions and ideas in the
summary
 Make sure to use complete sentences and transition
phrases
 Use correct forms of “summary language” like “the
author suggests” or “in conclusion, the author goes on
to show”

8. Paraphrase
As for paraphrasing, the Merriam Webster dictionary
defines it as “a restatement of a text, passage, or work
giving the meaning in another form.”
So, paraphrasing involves rewording a passage or text –
spoken or written – and writing it in your own way.
Just like a summary, a paraphrase also keeps the ideas
and arguments of the original text intact but
substitutes the words and phrases in the original with
new ones.

9. Purpose of a Paraphrase
The purpose of a paraphrase in research and other
academic papers is to avoid plagiarism.
When you need to use the ideas and arguments of other
authors in your paper but do not want to quote them
directly, you can choose to paraphrase the required
portions for your paper.
Remember: Even when you are paraphrasing, do not
forget to cite them in the paper and mention the
original text in your list of references.

10. How does a paraphrase differ
from a summary?
 It restates the main ideas and arguments using
different words and phrases than the original
 It allows you to explain the main points in an elaborate
manner
 A summary only touches upon the main arguments
whereas a paraphrase includes both the main
arguments and sub-points to explain the same
 Summaries are way shorter than the original whereas a
paraphrase can retain the length of the original
document, as long as it uses alternative words and
phrases

11. Examples of a paraphrase
Paraphrasing sentences:
 Original: Giraffes like hay and acacia leaves and they
can consume 75 pounds of food in a day.
 Paraphrase: A giraffe can eat up to 75 pounds daily,
and especially like acacia leaves and hay.
 Original: Any trip to Italy should ideally include a visit
to the vineyards of the Tuscan region for sampling their
world-famous wines.
 Paraphrase: Trips to Italy are incomplete without a
wine-tasting session in the Tuscan vineyards.

12. Paraphrasing paragraphs:
Original: College admissions officers all advise against
writing a college admission essay about something that
an applicant learned while stoned or drunk. “But we still
get a few of those essays,” a college admissions officer
tells me. “We even got the classic one about how the
student, while stoned, realized that the solar system is
an atom and the earth is an electron. You’ll remember,
that conversation occurred in the movie Animal House.

13. Paraphrasing paragraphs:
Paraphrase: College admissions officers strongly advise
students not to write their admissions essays about a
lesson they learned while 'wasted', i.e. when drunk or
intoxicated. However, some students still choose to
ignore the advice. Take the case of this student who
wrote about the conversation in the movie called
Animal House with the events occurring from his own
intoxicated point of view. It contained opinions about
the solar system as an atom and the earth as an
electron.

14. Paraphrasing paragraphs:
Original: But there is something that I must say to my
people, who stand on the warm threshold which leads
into the palace of justice: in the process of gaining our
rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds.
Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by
drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We
must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of
dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative
protest to degenerate into physical violence.

15. Paraphrasing paragraphs:
Paraphrase: As we are about to enter a phase of justice
for all – which is our right by birth – we must be
careful about our actions. We should not resort to
hatred and ill-feeling in our quest for freedom. We
must be dignified and disciplined during our struggle.
We must not make way for violent actions to take the
place of our peaceful cultural protests.

16. References
 https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/summary
 https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/paraphrase
 https://www.academia.edu/5433365/Joseph_Stiglitz_T
he_Price_of_Inequality
 https://www.straighterline.com/blog/10-crazy-reasons-
people-got-rejected-from-college/
 https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-
papers/documents/i-have-dream-address-delivered-
march-washington-jobs-and-freedom

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18. Thank You!
Wishing you all the luck in your
academic journey!
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