This is a presentation of only few Figures of Speech we discussed in class.

1. FIGURES OF
SPEECH
(Study and Thinking Skills)
Arnold M. Duping
English 1 Instructor

2. FIGURES OF SPEECH
It is a rhetorical device that achieves a
special effect by using words indistinctive
ways.
Using original figures of speech in writing is
a way to convey meanings in fresh and
unexpected ways.

3. It is a direct comparison between two
things different from each other that have
certain qualities in common. It is usually
formed with “like” or “as”.
Her beauty is like a rose.
Love is like a rosary that is full of mystery.
Maria thinks like a computer.
Jenny walks like a duck.
SIMILE

4. It is an implied comparison between two
unlike things that actually have something
important in common. It doesn’t use “like”
or “as”.
Gretchen is the rose in the family.
Love is a rosary that is full of mystery.
Her mind is a sponge.
Jann is the dictionary of the group.

5. It is the use of words that imitate the
sounds of nature or the sounds associated
with the objects or actions they refer to.
 The ringing of the phone annoys the croc.
 Tick-tock-tick-tock, the mouse went up the
clock.
 Bang! Bang! Bang!
 I love to hear the chirping of the birds early in
the morn.
onomatopoeia

6. It is a figure of speech in which one word or
phrase is substituted for another with which
is closely associated.
 You have to fight for the crown.
 The Malacanang Palace ordered for the arrest
of the rice smugglers in the country.
 The school forces you to wake up early in the
morning.

7. A figure of speech in which a part is used to
represent the whole or the whole for a
part.
 Sails refer to the whole ship
 Gray beards refer to old men
 Minds refer to thinkers
 Hands refer to workers
 Marching feet refer to soldiers

8. A figure of speech in which incongruous or
contradictory terms appear side by side.
 Open secret
 Deafening silence
 Bitter sweet
 Original copy
 Seriously funny

9. It is a statement that appears to contradict
itself but include a latent truth.
 Your enemy’s friends are your enemy.
 I must be cruel to be kind.
 Truth is honey which is bitter.
 I can resist anything but temptation.
 All animals are equal, but some are more equal
than the others.

10. It is an extravagant statement; the use of
exaggerated terms for the purpose of
emphasis or heightened effect.
 I will wait for you forever.
 Agatha cried a river when her boyfriend died.
 Romeo is willing to cross the ocean just to
follow Juliet.
 I forget everything every time I see you smile.

11. A figure of speech in which a writer or
speaker deliberately makes a situation
seem less important or serious than it is.
 I have to have this operation. It isn’t serious. I
just have this little tumor on the brain.
 The exam is easy for me. I just can’t answer
problems 1 to 5 in the last page.

12. A figure of speech consisting of an
understatement in which an affirmative
is expressed by negating its opposite.
 The ice cream was not too bad.
 New York is not an ordinary city.
 I cannot disagree with your point of view.
 Your comments on the issue are not useless.
 I am not as young as I used to be.

13. It is the use of words to convey the
opposite of their literal meaning. A
statement or situation where the meaning
is the contradicted by the appearance or
presentation of the idea.
 3 TYPES of IRONY:
 Situational irony
 Verbal irony
 Dramatic irony

14. Verbal Irony- refers to what is said is
different from what is being meant.
Situational Irony- refers to the opposite of
what is being expected.
Dramatic Irony- develops when the
characters act to show their ignorance to
a situation which the audience is aware
of.

15. Oh great! Now you have broken my new
camera.
You laughed at your classmate who has a
low score in the exam; and the next thing
you know, your score is lower than his.
This butter is a soft as a marble piece.

16. It is brief and indirect reference to a
person, place or thing of historical,
cultural, literary or political significance.
 Don’t act like Romeo in front of her.
 This place is like a Garden of Eden.
 Robert is the new Rizal in our section.
 The rise of poverty will unlock the Pandora’s
box of crimes.

17. This is used to address some absent person
or thing, some abstract quality, an
inanimate object or a non-existent
character as if they are present.
 O death, please go away. I am not ready yet.
 Our Father in heaven, help us save the
mankind.
 Where are you peace in this time of chaos?

18. It is the repetition of initial consonant
sound.
 Peter piper pick a peck of pickled pepper.
 She sell sea shells in the sea shore.
 Silly sally sing the song “ Silly Sally Song”.

19. It is the repetition of internal vowel sounds
in neighboring words.
 I feel depressed in and restless.
 Go and mow the loan.
 Johnny went here and there and everywhere.

20. It is a play on words, sometimes of
different senses of the same word and
sometimes on the similar sense or sound
of different words.
 A happy life depends on the liver.
 Atheism is a non-prophet institution.
 Why do we have still troops in Germany? To
keep the Russians in Czech.
 An elephant’s opinion carries a lot of weight.

21. It is the substitution of an inoffensive
term for one considered offensively
explicit.
 You are becoming a little thin at a top.(bald)
 My friend is in the family way. (pregnant)
 We do not hire mentally challenged (stupid)
people.
 Do you have a wooden inter-dental stimulator
here?

22. It is the repetition of the same word or
phrase at the beginning of successive
clauses or verses.
 My life is my purpose. My life is my goal. My
life is my inspiration.
ANAPHORA

23. It is a verbal pattern in which the second
half of an expression is balanced against
the first but with the parts reversed.
 Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you.
 Love is what makes you keep wanting to be with each
other, even when you have no desire to do it.
 Do you love me because you need me or do I need you
because I love you?
 But many that are first shall be last, and the last shall be
first.
 Remember to forget what you want to remember and
remember what you want to forget.
chiasmus

24. Antithesis
 Antithesis, literal meaning opposite, is a rhetorical device in which two
opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting
effect.
 Antithesis emphasizes the idea of contrast by parallel structures of the
contrasted phrases or clauses, i.e. the structures of phrases and clauses
are similar in order to draw the attention of the listeners or readers. For
example:
 Setting foot to the moon may be a single step for a man but a giant step
for mankind.
 Money is the root of all evils: poverty is the fruit of all goodness.
 You are easy on the eyes, but hard on the heart.

25. TASK TO MASTER FIGURES OF SPEECH

26. 1. TASKS TO DO: Compendium of Figures of Speech
WHAT TO INCLUDE:
1. Title Page
2. Contents
3. Introduction ( Say something about the project)
4. Figures of Speech (Be Original)
a. Figure of Speech Poster (At least 15 different FOS discussed)
b. Figure of Speech in an Advertisement/Print Ads/ ( At least 3 different
FOS)
c. Figures of Speech in a Song/Status Post/ News/Announcement
d. Your self-written Poetry (1 focusing on onomatopoeia and 1 for
anaphora)
5. Reflection: Write on the significant learning you have in doing this
project.
6. References
Use long bond papers for all of these. You will be rated according to
Content, 60%; Completeness, 20%; Neatness and Appearance, 10%;
Originality, 10%.
This will be submitted on or before February 24, 2015.

27. You must Research on this for next
meeting quiz:
 Ellipsis
 Tricolon
 Diatyposis
 Dehortatio
 Hypophora

28. Thank you!