The document discusses discourse markers, which are words like "however" and "although" that are used to link ideas between sentences and paragraphs. It provides examples of common discourse markers used to indicate relationships like addition, contrast, concession, and conditions. It also explains that discourse markers can be used at the start of sentences or clauses separated by semicolons. Paragraphs are similarly linked using discourse markers to show reinforcement, contrast, or concession between ideas.
DISCOURSE MARKERS USE TO MAKE A PROPER SENTENCES. THAT IS VERY USEFUL IN ESSAY WRITING. WE CAN FRAME THE SENTENCE PROPERLY WITH HELP OF DISCOURSE MARKERS.
DISCOURSE MARKERS USE TO MAKE A PROPER SENTENCES. THAT IS VERY USEFUL IN ESSAY WRITING. WE CAN FRAME THE SENTENCE PROPERLY WITH HELP OF DISCOURSE MARKERS.
Mini lesson on achieving Coherence in writing. Give it a try! But before you do, why not try some Coherent Breathing (i.e., breathing "from the heart")- to get in the mood?
To get a good band score in your IELTS writing, you should use cohesive devices. With coherence, cohesion makes up 25% of your final IELTS writing band score. In this slideshow are some of the most useful cohesive devices to use in your ILETS writing.
Mini lesson on achieving Coherence in writing. Give it a try! But before you do, why not try some Coherent Breathing (i.e., breathing "from the heart")- to get in the mood?
To get a good band score in your IELTS writing, you should use cohesive devices. With coherence, cohesion makes up 25% of your final IELTS writing band score. In this slideshow are some of the most useful cohesive devices to use in your ILETS writing.
This is part 3 of a 5-Day Handbook on the Basics of Sentence Correction that will help you brush-up your basic grammar, especially that required to ace the SC section on the GMAT.
This is a required pre-read for our Sentence Correction course at CrackVerbal.
This slide show will help English 101 students understand the need for effective transitions as well as help them write better transitions in their essays.
Writing Elements A Quick Guide to Grammar and Usag.docxericbrooks84875
Writing Elements
A Quick Guide to Grammar and Usage
Timothy P. Goss and Sabrina M. Goss
1
Using this Guide
Before we get started, you should note that this guide is, in no way, a comprehensive exploration
of grammar and usage. Many guides are available that will provide a much richer and fuller
understanding of the components of language usage. Instead, this guide has been designed to
help you, in a quick and efficient way, avoid some of the more common errors people make in
their writing.
It is a good idea to review this entire guide several times until the information becomes second-
nature. Having a good grasp on the basic rules of grammar and usage will make a big difference
in how your writing will be received in your academic and professional careers. It may even help
your love life, but probably not really help you teach your dog how to say, “Fiddlesticks” (every
piece of writing has its limitations).
Enjoy this journey.
2
Table of Contents
Clarity and Style:
1. Parts of Speech 3
2. Verbs and Verbals 4
3. Commonly Misused Words 5
4. Point of View: First, Second, and Third Person 6
5. Past and Present Tenses 6
6. Clichés 7
7. Sexist Language 7
8. Slang/Jargon 8
Grammar:
1. Subject/Verb Agreement 8
2. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement 9
3. Sentence Fragments 9
4. Run-On Sentences 10
Punctuation:
1. Commas 11
2. Semicolons 12
Mechanics:
1. Abbreviations 12
2. Numbers 12
General Advice 13
3
Parts of Speech
All words in the English language have a particular duty to perform in a sentence or clause.
These parts work in concert with one another to create meaning. We can look at the way words
work in a sentence by either their function or by their form or definition.
By Function:
1. Verbs: These words determine the action that is being related (all sentences/clauses must
do something).
2. Nouns and Pronouns: These words serve as the thing doing the action (subject), or the
thing having the action done to it (object).
3. Modifiers (Adjectives and Adverbs): These words describe another word to help
distinguish or clarify the meaning being related.
4. Prepositions: These words shows how one word or phrase relates to another
5. Articles: These words are connected to nouns and determine the vagueness of specificity
of the noun.
6. Conjunctions: These words join clauses together.
7. Interjections: These words serve to express strong emotion.
By Form or Definition:
1. Verb: An action word. For example: Speak, run, fight, asked, claimed, and rocked.
2. Noun: A part of speech that stands for a person, place, thing, or idea. For example:
Truck, house, loss, ring, air, and sandwich.
3. Pronoun: Takes the place of a noun. For example: I, he, she, we, i.
XXIII Congresso Nacional de Criminalística - divulgaçãoDenise Rivera
Entre 08 e 12 de novembro de 2015 será realizado, na cidade de Búzios – RJ, o XXIII CONGRESSO NACIONAL DE CRIMINALÍSTICA, o VI CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE PERÍCIAL CRIMINAL, o IV CONGRESSO MILITAR DE CRIMINALÍSTICA que proporcionará uma oportunidade ímpar de conhecer o que há de mais moderno na área de criminalística.
Apresentação aperj - estrutura da períciaDenise Rivera
Apresentação - Perícia Oficial - Peritos Criminais e Legistas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Polícia Técnico-Científica - APERJ - Associação dos Peritos Oficiais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Manifestacao durante audiencia publica na alerjDenise Rivera
TEXTO DO DR. JOÃO BATISTA DAMASCENO - JUIZ DE DIREITO DO TJRJ E MEMBRO DA ASSOCIAÇÃO JUÍZES PARA A DEMOCRACIA / AJD - ANÁLISE DA POLÍTICA DE SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2. Discourse Markers
These are words like ‘however’,
‘although’, ‘nevertheless’.
Referred to more commonly as ‘linking
words' and 'linking phrases’, or
‘sentence connectors’.
3. Discourse Markers
They may be described as the
‘glue’ that binds together a piece
of writing, making the different
parts of the text ‘stick together’.
They are used less frequently in
speech, unless the speech is
very formal.
4. What are the different discourse
markers that can be used?
There are many discourse markers that
express different relationships between
ideas.
The most common types of relationship
between ideas, and the sentence
connectors that are most often used to
express these relationships, are given in
the table below.
5. Discourse Markers
The discourse markers in the table are
generally used at the start of a phrase or
clause. (a clause is a minimal grammatical
structure that has meaning in its own right,
and consists of a subject and verb, and often
an object too).
Sentence connectors do not always begin a
completely new sentence; they may be
separated from the previous idea with a
semi-colon.
6. Type of Sentence connectors Position
relationship within
clause/
sentence
Adding Moreover; In addition; Initial position
something Additionally;
Further; Further to this;
Also; Besides; What is
more.
Making a contrast However; On the other Initial position
between two hand; In contrast; Yet.
separate things,
people, ideas, etc.
7. Type of Sentence Position
relationship connectors within clause/
sentence
Making an Although; Even though; Initial position
unexpected Despite the fact that; In Starts a
contrast spite of the fact that; second/ subordinat
(concession) Regardless of the fact e clause
that.
Saying why Because; Since; As; In Initial position
something is the so far as. Starts a
case second/ subordinat
e clause
8. Type of relationship Sentence connectors Position within
clause/sentence
Expressing a If; In the event of; As Initial position
condition long as...; So long as...; Starts a
Provided that...; second/ subordinat
Assuming that...; Given e clause
that....
Making what you On the contrary; As a Initial position
say stronger matter of fact; In fact;
Indeed.
9. There are two particular features of the
sentence connectors indicated above :
1. Sentence connectors can be used to begin a
new sentence or a new clause that follows a
semi-colon.
2. Some sentence connectors can be placed in
different positions within the sentence
a) ‘initial position’ (e.g. Because he is ill, he
needs to rest’)
b) and ‘mid-way position' at the start of another
clause (e.g. He must rest, because he is ill).
10. How are paragraphs linked
together?
In much the same way that ideas
within a paragraph are linked, a
new paragraph must be linked in
some way with the previous one.
This, too, needs the use of
discourse markers.
11. How are paragraphs
linked together?
Here are some different ways in which the opening of
a paragraph can link back to what has happened
before.
The three basic types of paragraph-paragraph
relationship are :
reinforcement of idea;
contrast of idea;
and concession.
Indicating these relationships builds a 'bridge'
between paragraphs and makes reading the text
easier.
12. Relationship Possible linguistic formula
with previous
paragraph
Reinforcement of a) A further example of this phenomenon can be
idea seen in Foucault's work.
b) Jones (1999) further demonstrates this point in
his most recent research.
Contrast of ideas a) Jones, meanwhile/on the other hand, expresses
this notion as 'self-defence'.
b) This argument is not, however, accepted by all
critics. For instance, Smith (1999) holds that....
13. Relationshi Possible linguistic formula
p with
previous
paragraph
Concession a) Although the ideas of Jones
(1999) are interesting and useful, they
do not take account of the growing
problems of identity theft.
b) While Roberts (2006) emphasises
the importance of Foucault's notion of
the panopticon, the opposite view is
held by other commentators. For
example,...
The end